% SED group publication list — generated by scripts/build_publications.py, % then hand-curated. Custom fields (pubtype, theme, openaccess, scopusid) % drive the website filters and are ignored by LaTeX. See data/README.md. % Entries: 542. Last build input: data/raw/* snapshots. @article{hallstedt2026systematic, author = {Hallstedt, Sophie I. and Léonard, Pauline L. Y. and Aldèn, Moa and Dokter, Giliam}, title = {A systematic approach for identifying key stakeholders in sustainable product development—a missing step to realize decades of sustainability work}, journal = {Frontiers in Sustainability}, year = {2026}, month = {8}, volume = {7}, abstract = {Introduction: The manufacturing industry faces transformative challenges toward a circular economy. A key challenge in circularity is creating value for all value chain partners. In this study, the focus is on the aerospace industry and the challenge of creating resilient solutions with suppliers, given the product's long lifespan of about 30 years, a long production period of about 20 years, and a long product and technology development time of about 7 years. The overall goal of this research is to increase partners' capabilities to create and develop long-term, sustainable, resilient, and circular solutions within a value chain. Methods: Building on a longitudinal study conducted within an aerospace company, this research applies and further develops a systematic approach for identifying key stakeholders in sustainable product development, now extended to incorporate a circularity dimension. The research methodology consisted of three methods: identifying stakeholders in the life cycle, classifying the key stakeholders using the stakeholder salience model, and conducting interviews. The stakeholder mapping was conducted using a longitudinal approach at two time points: 2015 and 2025, at the same case company. It was conducted through several workshops. Nine semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2025 with key stakeholders representing different parts of the aerospace value chain. Results: The study indicates an increasing complexity in the company's value chain. Compared to ten years ago, the context now reflects a stronger emphasis on sustainability and circularity, requiring broader engagement and collaboration. In addition, some key factors are identified that facilitate effective collaboration among the key stakeholders in aerospace for a resilient and sustainable product development. Discussion: The proposed stakeholder analysis method can provide a structured approach to identifying, classifying, and prioritizing key stakeholders within complex value chains, thereby supporting product design teams in developing strategic plans for circular solutions. The method helps understand which actors are most critical to collaborate with when developing sustainable and circular solutions. Furthermore, the method enables discussion of how stakeholder roles may need to evolve to support more circular and resilient value chains and identifies stakeholders that have the potential to either drive or hinder the implementation of circular solutions.}, doi = {10.3389/frsus.2026.1902792}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true} } @article{pradasgomez2026ductile, author = {Pradas Gómez, Alejandro and Brahma, Arindam and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {DUCTILE: Agentic Large Language Model Orchestration of Engineering Analysis in Product Development Design Practice}, journal = {Journal of Mechanical Design}, year = {2026}, month = {7}, volume = {148}, pages = {121706}, abstract = {Engineering analysis automation in product development relies on rigid interfaces between tools, data formats, and documented processes. When these interfaces change, as they routinely do as the product evolves in the engineering ecosystem, the automation support breaks. This article presents a DUCTILE (delegated, user-supervised coordination of tool- and document-integrated large language model (LLM)-enabled) agentic orchestration, an approach for developing, executing, and evaluating LLM-based agentic automation support of engineering analysis tasks. The approach separates adaptive orchestration, performed by the LLM agent, from deterministic execution, performed by verified engineering tools. The agent interprets documented design practices, inspects input data, and adapts the processing path, while the engineer supervises and exercises final judgment. DUCTILE is demonstrated on a constrained but realistic industrial structural analysis task at an aerospace manufacturer, where the agent handled input deviations in format, units, naming conventions, and methodology that would break traditional scripted pipelines. Evaluation against expert-defined acceptance criteria and deployment with practicing engineers confirm that the approach produces correct, methodologically compliant results across 10 repeated independent runs. The article discusses the paradigm shift and the practical consequences of adopting agentic automation, including unintended effects on the nature of engineering work when removing mundane tasks and creating an exhausting supervisory role.}, doi = {10.1115/1.4072279}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Design automation}, openaccess = {true} } @article{schulte2026impact, author = {Schulte, Jesko and Hallstedt, Sophie I. and Watz, Matilda S. and Lo Vecchio, Irene and Caprioli, Matteo and Zanazzi, Silvia}, title = {Impact of sustainable product development tools through intermediaries: A multi-actor study of pathways and conditions}, journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production}, year = {2026}, month = {7}, volume = {572}, abstract = {This study provides an empirically grounded, multi-actor investigation of how industrial impact of sustainable product development (SPD) tools forms along the pathway from academic tool development, through intermediary adoption and adaptation, to client application, and under what conditions impact unfolds over time. A multi-actor, multiple-case design, combining an embedded consultancy case with cross-sector client cases was employed, using interviews and follow-up questionnaires to explore how consultants adopt and adapt academically developed SPD tools and how clients experience and assess their application and impact. The analysis shows that adoption by consultants is enabled when tools are proven useable and time-effective in early phases, provide clear visualizations and credible traceability, and can be customized to sector language and practices. Across client cases, the application of SPD tools was perceived primarily as an enabler for innovation and competitiveness, together with increased ability to meet customer needs and improved reputation. The findings indicate a multi-layered and time-phased pattern of impact where impacts were reported most consistently at organizational level, including mindset change, cross-functional dialogue, and prioritization routines, whereas more technical and measurable outcomes emerged more selectively, with time delay, and depended on enabling conditions beyond tool use, e.g., governance and leadership, supplier capability and openness, policy and market signals. System-level change is discussed as a potential downstream pathway when SPD tool use is paired with deliberate work on enabling conditions. The study synthesizes these insights into seven multi-actor recommendations for researchers, consultants, and firms on designing, translating, and embedding SPD tools to maximize impact.}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.148906}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105043701167} } @article{brahma2026managing, author = {Brahma, Arindam and Eckert, Claudia and Santhosh, Sandeep and Knuts, Sören and Isaksson, Ola and Raja, Sanjeeth Kevin}, title = {Managing uncertainty through margins: Insights from aerospace engineering practice}, journal = {Design Science}, year = {2026}, month = {7}, volume = {12}, abstract = {In safety-critical industries such as aerospace, managing uncertainty is important, both to ensure airworthiness and to control business risk. Although design margins are widely used to support safety, reliability and regulatory compliance, they are often applied conservatively, with rationales that are implicit, inconsistently documented or unevenly interpreted. While the use of margins is necessary from a safety, reliability and regulatory perspective, excessive use of margins can lead to undesirable effects such as overdesign, consequently leading to heavier parts and therefore design inefficiencies. While the role of margins in this context is well appreciated, there is a gap between the theoretical understanding of margins and their use in practice, especially in relation to uncertainty. This paper investigates this gap through a qualitative study involving 11 in-depth interviews with experienced engineers and managers at a leading aerospace component design and manufacturing company. The interviews explore the current industrial practices, cultural barriers and decision-making heuristics surrounding the practice of design margins. The findings reveal a reliance on legacy practices and tacit knowledge, which may limit margin transparency and potentially contribute to margin stacking. We conclude with actionable implications for the proper documentation and use of margins in engineering design.}, doi = {10.1017/dsj.2026.10068}, pubtype = {Journal article}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105044586549} } @phdthesis{mallalieu2026industrial, author = {Mallalieu, Adam}, title = {Industrial adoption of design methods: Guiding sustainable design and collaboration in the manufacturing industry}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2026}, abstract = {The manufacturing industry needs a rapid shift in how products are designed and produced to better contribute to sustainable production and consumption. This, together with emerging technologies, upcoming legislation, and changing market trends, drives a sustainability transition in manufacturing companies, and design has been identified as a crucial enabler of this transition. Therefore, design researchers have proposed several design methods to support adequate integration of sustainability in their design processes. Despite their evidenced benefits, the industrial adoption of such design methods remains underutilized, an issue that has persisted and been continuously raised for more than 20 years in the 'design domain'. This is a multifaceted issue, and previous research has identified several barriers and enablers to adoption, ranging from recommendations to modify, simplify, or 'improve' these design methods, to promoting the use of qualitative data. Although many of these enablers have proven successful, the industrial adoption of design methods remains a contemporary issue. At the same time, change has been thoroughly treated in the 'management domain', and there is an underutilized body of knowledge that can be used to better understand why this issue persists and to strengthen practical contributions, thus contributing to the design community. This research, therefore, adopts an interdisciplinary perspective to study industrial adoption, employing several methods to collect and analyze qualitative empirical data together with actors in the Swedish manufacturing industry, including action research, case studies, participant observation, Glaserian grounded theory, questionnaires, and interviews.There are four main contributions of this research: (i) A descriptive framework that captures 53 interdisciplinary barriers and enablers to the industrial adoption of design methods. The framework incorporates process and methodological, organizational, and human-behavioral perspectives, capturing several factors typically scattered across research domains; (ii) Two new concepts are proposed, the dualism of design methods and the situational design problem. These, in turn, clarify the role of design methods in a sustainability transition and also clarify the key barriers to industrial adoption; (iii) A needs-driven and collaboration-based adoption approach that guides industrial adoption by supporting researchers and practitioners to adapt design methods; (iv) An interactive method to guide the assessment of a collaborative ecosystem's ability to share and manage sustainability information and data.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/552076}, isbn = {978-91-8103-426-4}, type = {Doctoral thesis}, pubtype = {Doctoral thesis}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{leonard2026integrating, author = {Léonard, Pauline}, title = {Integrating sustainability in aerospace product development: challenges and pathways for change}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2026}, abstract = {This thesis explores sustainable product development in the aerospace industry, an inherently complex sector with long product lifecycles, advanced technology, high safety standards, and an urgent need to become more sustainable. The aim of this thesis is to clarify the challenges associated with integrating sustainability in aerospace product development, and to propose how aerospace design practice could change to ensure further sustainability integration.The research conducted for this thesis work employs a multiple case study approach with two main aerospace companies, which participated in all empirical studies in this thesis. Using a qualitative research approach, four studies were conducted. Together, they provide an understanding of: i) current sustainability integration in aerospace product development and underlying reasons, ii) challenges for further sustainability integration, iii) capability needs and main levers to overcome sustainability integration challenges.The findings indicate that, despite many constraints, aerospace manufacturing companies can significantly influence the sustainability impact of the products they design. Developing products towards sustainability requires new capabilities to effectively assess sustainability performance, navigate trade-offs, and mobilise relevant stakeholders throughout the product development process. Sustainability should become a driver for product development decisions, influencing which projects are realised and what concepts are selected.The study advances scientific knowledge by providing in depth empirical insights into sustainability integration barriers and leverage points for advancing sustainable product development. This research supports aerospace practice by providing a structured taxonomy of challenges, an overview of necessary capabilities, and levers to help practitioners further integrate sustainability into product development.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/551828}, type = {Licentiate thesis}, pubtype = {Licentiate thesis}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true} } @article{leonard2026capability, author = {Léonard, P.L.Y. and Hallstedt, S.I. and Dokter, G.}, title = {Capability needs for sustainable product development in aerospace: A systematic literature review}, journal = {Sustainable Production and Consumption}, year = {2026}, month = {5}, volume = {64}, pages = {191-203}, abstract = {Carbon emissions of the aviation sector are expected to double by 2050 and there is an urgent need to change the approach to product and system design to enable a sustainability transition. Through a systematic literature review, this paper analyses 51 studies and provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of sustainable product development in the design of aircraft systems and sub-systems. A taxonomy of challenges across six categories is proposed, ranging from socio-ecological issues, regulations, economic context, design process, cognitive barriers and technological limitations. This taxonomy supports in clarifying the nature of problems practitioners may encounter when implementing sustainable product development. While aerospace companies face systemic challenges, this study argues that they can overcome structural, human and technical barriers. But to overcome this, sustainable product development capabilities need to be developed, which this study maps across product development phases and organisational levels. Fourteen aerospace-tailored support methods are reviewed through the lens of these capabilities, showing gaps in enabling cross-functional communication, managing trade-offs systematically, and mitigating sustainability risks. This study advances the Sustainable Product Development field by offering a sector-specific synthesis of challenges, capabilities and support methods in aerospace. The findings align with broader sustainability literature and provide a foundation for future cross-sectoral research and methodological development. Together, these contributions support aerospace practitioners in navigating sustainable product development challenges, develop critical capabilities, and calls for further research to accelerate sustainability integration in product development.}, doi = {10.1016/j.spc.2026.02.004}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105031704598} } @article{maiullari2026digital, author = {Maiullari, Daniela and Nageli, Claudio and Rudena, Andreas and Isacson, Åsa and Dokter, Giliam and Ellenbroek, Ilse and Wallbaum, Holger and Thuvander, Liane}, title = {Digital twin for supporting decision-making and stakeholder collaboration in urban decarbonization processes. A participatory development in Gothenburg}, journal = {Environment and Planning B Urban Analytics and City Science}, year = {2026}, month = {5}, volume = {53}, pages = {831-855}, abstract = {City Digital Twins have emerged as pivotal tools for representing and modelling urban systems. While existing literature emphasizes technological and framework development, limited attention has been given to the practical usability of digital twins in urban planning and decision-making processes. This paper addresses this gap by presenting a participatory approach for a city digital twin (CDTE) development, specifically tailored for supporting stakeholder communication and decision-making in the urban energy transition domain. The study, conducted in three phases, utilizes participatory methods, involving local stakeholders in the development process. The focus is on the Swedish city of Gothenburg, which is actively pursuing climate-neutral goals by 2030. The research integrates quantitative energy modelling and the creation of a web-based interface for the CDTE. The scenarios, grounded in local needs and challenges, explore the impacts of urban development models, climate warming and renovation measures on the building stock. The CDTE, developed and tested through workshops with diverse stakeholders, proves to be effective for the visualization and the discussion of various decarbonization scenarios. Key findings from users’ assessments underscore the significance of clarity and readability in scenario content and user interface for fostering interactions among different administrative spheres. This research contributes to the broader discourse on leveraging City Digital Twins for informed decision-making in urban contexts, providing insights into the practical application of digital twins in addressing the complex challenges of urban energy transition.}, doi = {10.1177/23998083241286030}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85206898870} } @article{arjomandirad2026product, author = {Arjomandi Rad, Mohammad and Martinsson Bonde, Julian and Isaksson, Ola and Panarotto, Massimo and Wärmefjord, Kristina and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Product Dataset Platform: System-Level Design Evaluation Using Data Engineering and Functional Modeling, A Crashworthiness Case Study}, journal = {Journal of Mechanical Design}, year = {2026}, month = {3}, volume = {148}, abstract = {Design space exploration at early and system-level phases often relies on low-fidelity, qualitative evaluations due to the prohibitive cost of high-precision methods. This research proposes an approach to bridge this gap by utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) and modeling tools and leveraging existing datasets and detail-level analysis to enhance system-level decision-making. Creating a platform of datasets is suggested by shared features for a product model hierarchy that mirrors the functional decomposition of the product architecture. This is achieved by integrating function mean (FM) as an early design modeling tool with an assembly of datasets acquired from finite element (FE) as a higher fidelity concept evaluation tool. This is an effort to link the early functional space to the later response space. It is shown that training prediction models on datasets from low-level product architecture, which are more viable to obtain, enables design concept evaluation at the system level. Moreover, by introducing a modular and radical change into product architecture, which represents new technologies that require performance evaluation, the built dataset platform is investigated. Finally, a metric to evaluate the platform’s success is suggested to increase reliability. As lower levels of product architecture often experience more frequent changes than system-wide modifications. This method can be effective in scenarios where component-level innovations require rapid performance evaluations. The implications of such a dataset platform can reduce the concept evaluation cost in early phases by accelerating the testing of innovations and ideas in product architecture.}, doi = {10.1115/1.4068755}, url = {https://re.public.polimi.it/handle/11311/1297275}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Platform-based development}, oaversion = {accepted}, scopusid = {105015506142} } @inproceedings{schulte2026bridging, author = {Schulte, Jesko and Hallstedt, Sophie I. and Watz, Matilda S.}, title = {Bridging academia and industry: the role of consultants in implementing sustainable product development tools}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2026}, month = {1}, volume = {6}, pages = {817-826}, abstract = {Academic tools for sustainable product development often fail to achieve widespread use in industry. Based on a case study of a consultancy firm, this study explores factors that enable consultants to adopt and adapt such tools and act as intermediaries that translate and integrate academic findings into practice. Interviews and a survey revealed that a solid conceptual foundation, clear client value, result visualization, adaptability, and integration with existing workflows are most important, and the study proposes nine lessons learned to guide future tool development and collaboration.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2026.10440}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105045238091} } @article{mallalieu2026sharing, author = {Mallalieu, Adam and Isaksson, Ola and Hallstedt, Sophie Isaksson and Watz, Matilda Sandgren and Dokter, Giliam and Almefelt, Lars}, title = {Sharing and Managing Sustainability Information and Data in Collaborative Ecosystems—Insights From Testing a Novel Assessment Method With the Automotive Industry}, journal = {Business Strategy and the Environment}, year = {2026}, month = {1}, abstract = {The manufacturing industry is under pressure from upcoming legislation and societal expectations to design sustainable solutions, requiring improved intraorganizational and interorganizational collaboration to ensure sustainability is integrated throughout the product's lifecycle. However, one limitation is the current inability to share and manage sustainability information and data effectively among value chain actors. To address this, we make three key contributions in this study: (i) 14 key sustainability‐contextualized assessment criteria to guide the assessment of a collaborative ecosystem's current ability to share and manage sustainability information and data; (ii) an interactive and cross‐functional method that integrates these 14 assessment criteria promoting ownership, awareness, and a shared understanding of key issues and ways forward; (iii) situation‐specific knowledge on how to assess the ability to share and manage sustainability information and data in collaborative ecosystems, by applying the assessment method across six industrial case studies with the automotive industry.}, doi = {10.1002/bse.71153}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105043351339} } @inproceedings{leonard2026who, author = {Léonard, Pauline L. Y. and Hallstedt, Sophie I. and Dokter, Giliam}, title = {Who drives sustainability in product design? A case study in aerospace}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2026}, month = {1}, volume = {6}, pages = {1371-1380}, abstract = {To design for sustainability requires systemic change which cannot be carried by design teams alone. Using a case study approach in aerospace, this study investigates stakeholder influence in sustainable product development. It identifies main internal and external stakeholders and discusses how design teams should engage with them. Findings support practitioners to navigate structural barriers and plan design interventions, and highlight the research need to consider organizational structures, decision-making processes, and cross-functional collaboration for sustainable product development.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2026.10495}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105045248700} } @inproceedings{leonard2026implementation, author = {Léonard, Pauline L. Y. and Nylander, Johanna W.}, title = {Implementation of sustainability in the product development process: a case study in the aerospace industry}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2026}, month = {1}, volume = {6}, pages = {1381-1390}, abstract = {Delving into a case company, this paper provides a practitioner perspective on implementing sustainable product development (SPD). Strategic implementation is achieved when i) tools are integrated at critical stages of product development, ii) awareness and responsibility are spread across the organization and iii) there is cohesiveness between tools sustainability approach and metrics used. While SPD tools are systematically used and help the company in capability building, the current process does not guarantee systematic sustainability improvements, calling for further research.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2026.10496}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105045252129} } @inproceedings{brahma2026system, author = {Brahma, Arindam and Wynn, David C. and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {System architecture margins for the ilities}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2026}, month = {1}, volume = {6}, pages = {2761-2770}, abstract = {Engineers often treat margins as buffers or excesses which are added to parameters, appearing much later in the product development process. However, many key lifecycle properties e.g., reliability stem from early architectural decisions which either need margins for their enablement or create margins in the process. These buffers are rarely treated explicitly as margins. This paper argues that there is a clear relationship between architectural objectives and margins and explores four examples of ilities providing a new perspective for reasoning about ilities in early system design.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2026.10634}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105045258747} } @inproceedings{perssonschon2026project, author = {Persson Schön, Per and Eckert, Claudia and Mallalieu, Adam and Bergsjö, Dag}, title = {Project complexity and cost escalations in the early design of railway megaprojects}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2026}, month = {1}, volume = {6}, pages = {2841-2850}, abstract = {Large railway projects suffer from major cost overruns and delays, partly due to project complexity. This study explores how such complexity emerges in the early design stages and affects the project outcomes. Data from 14 interviews were compared with four project complexity frameworks. The results indicate that complexity is mainly institutional rather than structural. Optimism bias, fragmented requirement governance, and weak coordination create self-reinforcing loops of cost growth, showing that governance and decision processes, not technical uncertainty, drive early-stage complexity.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2026.10642}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105045264253} } @inproceedings{eckert2026be, author = {Eckert, Claudia and Hallstedt, Sophie I.}, title = {Be yourself - be an engineer: personal strengths and value in an interconnected engineering ecosystem}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2026}, month = {1}, volume = {6}, pages = {347-356}, abstract = {Engineers need to connect knowledge, based on science and technology, with knowledge about humans and society. To operate in a sociotechnical context a variety of different people with different skills are needed. This paper argues that therein lies an opportunity for all who have the skills and interests to find a fulfilling role in engineering that aligns interests in technical task, their role, their identity, their personal strengths and their values, illustrated by women in engineering and sustainability.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2026.10393}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105045287717} } @inproceedings{dokter2026collaboration, author = {Dokter, Giliam and Pei, Xue and Hallstedt, Sophie I.}, title = {Towards collaboration in circular ecosystems: barriers, enablers, and insights from European projects}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2026}, month = {1}, volume = {6}, pages = {1241-1250}, abstract = {This study examines barriers for circular ecosystems in literature, and identifies 11 enabling factors for collaboration in circular ecosystems. Based on a web-based analysis of 763 European CE projects, the study analyses how factors are addressed in practice. Collaborative processes, trust building, and technological enablers were most frequent, supporting relational foundations via digital tools. Projects often signal collaboration but rarely detail governance or ecosystem orchestration. Findings highlight design capabilities to foster shared-value creation in circular ecosystems.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2026.10482}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105045253816} } @inproceedings{hajali2026iterative, author = {Hajali, Tina and Brahma, Arindam and Eckert, Claudia and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {An iterative investigation of needs and barriers in deciding when to design for additive manufacturing}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2026}, month = {1}, volume = {6}, pages = {1971-1980}, abstract = {Industrial adoption of additive manufacturing (AM) remains limited, partly due to challenges in determining when AM is more suitable than conventional processes. Since this decision must be made early to enable effective design for AM, understanding the factors that shape such assessments is essential. This study used iterative need analysis and prototype development loops to investigate these factors. The findings identify key needs and barriers influencing early decisions on when to design for AM and show that effective support requires a deep understanding of the underlying problem.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2026.10555}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105045229221} } @inproceedings{hagstrom2026understanding, author = {Hagström, Malin Hane and Isaksson, Ola and Bergsjö, Dag and Lundin, Stina}, title = {Understanding the growing need for design for circularity - investigating remanufacturing profitability barriers in an automotive industry case}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2026}, month = {1}, volume = {6}, pages = {1311-1320}, abstract = {For industries transitioning to circular economy, understanding the business case is essential. This paper highlights key business model factors for remanufacturing within a heavy truck manufacturer. Twenty-six interviews were held, the barriers to profitability were identified as cost structure, key resources and cores and key activities. Applying systems engineering principles can help translate business needs into requirements, mitigate complexity and align stakeholders for effective transformation. Recommended future research is to investigate partnerships, profitability, and model design.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2026.10489}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105045295675} } @article{brahma2026risk, author = {Brahma, Arindam and Hajali, Tina and Mallalieu, Adam and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {A risk analysis method for implementation of additive manufacturing}, journal = {Journal of Engineering Design}, year = {2026}, month = {1}, volume = {37}, pages = {311-338}, abstract = {The evolution of additive manufacturing (AM) over the past few decades has significantly shifted its application from prototyping to the production of final products. Despite this progress, the industrial uptake of AM remains limited due to the complex integration challenges within existing manufacturing value chains. This paper addresses the gap by presenting a prescriptive approach for assessing risks associated with incorporating AM into established workflows. Utilising two case studies from the 'Demonstration of Infrastructure for Digitalization enabling industrialisation of AM (DiDAM)' project, which involves several Swedish manufacturing companies, this study develops a methodology for risk assessment. The proposed method involves mapping workflows into multi-domain matrices, establishing dependencies with uncertainty values, and performing risk analysis to determine potential impacts. Results indicate that this quantitative risk assessment approach provides valuable insights into hidden issues that could affect the implementation of AM. By offering a decision-support tool for managers, this methodology enhances the likelihood of successful integration of AM and supports digitalisation efforts in traditional manufacturing settings. The practical applications of this approach are demonstrated through a detailed analysis of the two industrial cases.}, doi = {10.1080/09544828.2025.2489641}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105002243644} } @article{eckert2026co, author = {Eckert, Claudia and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Co-evolution of design research and industrial development: empirical insights from European manufacturing companies}, journal = {Journal of Engineering Design}, year = {2026}, month = {1}, volume = {37}, pages = {428-457}, abstract = {While many studies have analysed societal and technological trends, what these imply for product development practice is less clear. However, engineering design research has typically responded to existing challenges in industrial practice, instead of looking forwards to create tools and methods in parallel with technological developments. This paper reports on the findings of a three-stage process with 12 interviews and two workshops, in 2018 with ca 50 participants and 2021 with ca 100 participants. Experienced engineers working on complex engineering products and engineering design researchers reflected on developments in engineering, which were analysed from the perspective of how they would affect design practice. The paper summarises trends the participants identified in manufacturing, energy, transport, digitisation, product design and product development practice; and highlights differences in expectation between 2018 and 2021, in particular around the speed in which sustainability policies and changes to work practice are adopted. The paper analyses the interaction of trends, pointing to the increasing interaction of products with each other and with services, and the implications of the rapid advances in digitalisation, which increase the need for disciplinary integration. The paper ends with a discussion of research questions arising from the analysis in this paper.}, doi = {10.1080/09544828.2025.2504307}, pubtype = {Journal article}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105005498934} } @article{hajali2026feasibility, author = {Hajali, Tina and Brahma, Arindam and Isaksson, Ola and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Feasibility and suitability analysis of additive manufacturing in pre-conceptual design phase}, journal = {Journal of Engineering Design}, year = {2026}, month = {1}, volume = {37}, pages = {702-740}, abstract = {The application of additive manufacturing (AM) has expanded beyond prototyping, offering unique opportunities compared to conventional manufacturing methods such as casting and machining. To fully utilise these opportunities, products must be designed specifically for AM. Therefore, it is important to determine not just how to design for AM, a topic which has been studied extensively, but also when to design for AM, a topic which remains under-explored. We therefore posit that this can be solved by providing designers with a clear set of guidelines to help them determine when AM is the appropriate choice. This, in turn, can accelerate the industrial adoption of AM while also enabling more effective and efficient production processes. This paper introduces a method to support decision-making by assessing the feasibility and suitability of AM in comparison to other manufacturing processes in the early design phase. The proposed method offers a structured and transparent guideline, distinguishing it from existing approaches in the literature. Finally, an example illustrating how this method can guide design decisions effectively is presented, fostering a more informed and strategic approach to the adoption of AM in industry.}, doi = {10.1080/09544828.2025.2504306}, pubtype = {Journal article}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105005799838} } @article{braun2025skill, author = {Braun, Greta and Räty, Paavo and Bokinge, Mattias and Rikala, Pauliina and Hämäläinen, Raija and Syberfeldt, Anna and Stahre, Johan}, title = {The skill bridge – A global qualitative analysis of skill gap management}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Management}, year = {2025}, month = {12}, volume = {395}, abstract = {Disruptive technological development and new evolving business models are changing the strategic scenarios for most companies. Companies need to handle new technology while still responding to environmental, economic, and societal challenges. Thus work and work requirements on managers and workforces are changing. New skills are needed across industries, domains, and positions, resulting in increasing skill gaps among companies worldwide. These challenges are intensified by demographic realities in Europe, China, and the USA, where declining birth rates lead to shrinking and ageing populations. Political and industrial leaders are questioning how the skill gaps can be managed to retain competitiveness. The research community is searching for a deeper and more prescriptive understanding of skill gap management, but in previous literature, conclusive strategies seem so far to be scarce, diverse, and often lacking empirical foundation. This paper identifies practices that successfully bridge skill gaps in organisations and highlights challenges faced by companies. Empirical data was gathered through interviews with 23 leaders from companies globally and analysed qualitatively. The study concludes with a set of directions for organisations to develop skill gap strategies. The paper describes how empirical findings converge into the Skill Bridge, consisting of five priority areas, i.e. Skill development initiatives, Knowledge empowerment, Impact and business results, Leadership and culture, and finally Learning technologies and innovation. • Industry faces massive skill gaps, caused by shifting demographics and a rapid green and digital transformation. • Organisations and leaders are increasingly committed to investing in closing the skill gaps. • However, a lack of understanding and effective solutions for managing skill gaps exists. • This study, based on interviews with 23 company leaders from industries globally, identifies key practices for managing skill gaps. • The findings propose a Skill Bridge with five priorities: Skill development initiatives, Knowledge empowerment, Impact and business results, Leadership and culture, and Learning Technologies and Innovation.}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127738}, pubtype = {Journal article}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105019647264} } @article{panarotto2025value, author = {Panarotto, Massimo and Isaksson, Ola and Andersson, Petter}, title = {Value-driven MBSE for evolving business contexts: a quantitative study on aerospace electrification}, journal = {Design Science}, year = {2025}, month = {9}, volume = {11}, abstract = {Changing environmental, societal, and business conditions shift the priority given to the ‘most valuable’ design solutions to be developed, which risks causing rework and mistakes during the development process. To maintain consistency among changes in what ‘value’ means in evolving business contexts, this paper presents a method – value-driven model-based systems engineering (VD-MBSE) – implemented in a software tool (named Club Design). The method is demonstrated through a case study related to aerospace electrification, highlighting its ability to maintain consistency during the iterations between business development and the design of technical solutions.}, doi = {10.1017/dsj.2025.10024}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105017428017} } @inproceedings{leonard2025key, author = {Léonard, Pauline L. Y. and Hallstedt, Sophie I. and Isaksson, Ola and Kipouros, Timos and Mallalieu, Adam}, title = {Key elements to navigate sustainable product development in aerospace}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2025}, month = {8}, volume = {5}, pages = {2191-2200}, abstract = {Product development is critical for sustainable development, yet sustainable design practices remain under-implemented in the industry. This paper explores the aerospace sector, addressing its specific barriers and enablers to sustainable design. Through a comprehensive literature review, group discussions, and expert group interviews, this study introduces an impact model with essential elements for enabling sustainable product development in aerospace and explains their causal relations. Five key elements were identified: business drive, sustainability implementation, knowledge, ownership, and collaboration. In addition to the impact model, the paper discusses aerospace-specific challenges and opportunities for sustainable product development. Findings from this study offer a practical framework for practitioners and researchers to plan and implement interventions in organizations.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2025.10233}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105022832355} } @inproceedings{hagstrom2025teamwork, author = {Hagström, Malin Hane and Isaksson, Ola and Bergsjö, Dag and Wahrén, Henrik and Panzar, Erik}, title = {Teamwork in design - a case study on how digital visual planning software addresses barriers to efficient project communication}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2025}, month = {8}, volume = {5}, pages = {3021-3030}, abstract = {Developing new factories is effectively a design task. In this paper a case study on barriers to efficient project communication is presented. Preceding research has shown that production systems design projects can be more efficiently executed and that as many as 95\% of all problems in collaborations are due to a lack of communication. The study was designed to grasp project communication barriers from three projects and developed a visual planning tool. The findings show that digital planning software supports mainly in the categories of Egocentrism and Mistrust, Equivocality and Ambiguity and less in Interaction Capability, Asynchronisity and Noise and Information-sharing Behaviour. Recommendations for future research is to connect the project communication support to quantitative project performance aswell as the acceptance of technology in production systems design.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2025.10316}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105022849744} } @inproceedings{pradasgomez2025team, author = {Pradas Gómez, Alejandro and Kretzschmar, Maximilian and Paetzold-Byhain, Kristin and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {A team of three: The role of generative AI in the development of design automation systems for complex products}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2025}, month = {8}, volume = {5}, pages = {309-318}, abstract = {Given the rise of Generative AI and Large Language Models (LLMs), there is a high interest in their use also in engineering design domain. Current research approaches lack to leverage LLM's new orchestration capabilities and use the LLMs in ways that expose their inherent weaknesses. We present a conceptual model to visualize the contribution of LLMs to design tasks and distribute ownership in the design activities: the triangle of design responsibility. A literature review on the design engineering field presents its current uses in this community. The understanding of the model is validated with industry via survey. We identify future research directions in the field of complex product design. We hope that this model helps design automation developers, researchers and industry practitioners to position and assign responsibility effectively in their design automation implementation.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2025.10045}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Design automation}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105022805334} } @inproceedings{isaksson2025roadmap, author = {Isaksson, Ola and Hallstedt, Sophie Isaksson and Watz, Matilda Sandgren and Mallalieu, Adam and Björklund, Håkan}, title = {Roadmap to enable sustainable and circular designs in collaborative automotive ecosystems}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2025}, month = {8}, volume = {5}, pages = {2811-2820}, abstract = {A roadmap for advancing sustainable and circular designs within the automotive industry is proposed. The emphasis is on the critical role of collaborative ecosystems following the increased transparency and traceability underway in regulations. Emerging Digital Product Passports are central means in Europe’s Green Deal and expects to drive transformation of practices in the automotive ecosystem. The study, conducted by researchers in collaboration with a global truck manufacturer, identifies key areas for action, including data quality, stakeholder value, and communication strategies, to facilitate the circular and sustainable transformation. The vision and actions proposed were refined in workshops with automotive suppliers and service providers. By addressing these challenges, the automotive industry can leverage from data accessibility and accelerate its shift towards sustainability.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2025.10295}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105022781681} } @inproceedings{bonde2025exploring, author = {Bonde, Julian Martinsson and Isaksson, Ola and Kipouros, Timos and Kokkolaras, Michael and Andersson, Petter}, title = {Exploring design trade-offs among sustainability, performance, and manufacturability when considering integration of new technologies}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2025}, month = {8}, volume = {5}, pages = {1635-1644}, abstract = {To meet the upcoming sustainability challenges, aerospace manufacturers need to develop products that both address complex sustainability factors and ensure profitable realization. Furthermore, the sustainability perspective needs to be lifted from focusing on carbon emissions, and broadened to include a system-level socio-ecological view. Manufacturers are thus challenged to balance sustainability, manufacturability, and performance, but lack the methods and tools to make well-informed decisions. We propose a method for conducting multi-domain trade-off studies in the early design phase. A functional architecture modelling approach is utilized to model performance and manufacturing aspects. Together with a relative sustainability fingerprint conducted on design alternatives, design spaces can be explored with respect to performance, manufacturability, and sustainability.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2025.10177}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105022833234} } @article{alonsofernandez2025managing, author = {Alonso Fernández, Iñigo and Panarotto, Massimo and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Managing technical risks caused by indirect interactions: Insights from tracking the use of risk assessment tools}, journal = {Design Science}, year = {2025}, month = {7}, volume = {11}, abstract = {Unintended technical interactions across system interfaces can lead to costly failures and rework, particularly in the early design stages of complex products. This study examines how structured risk assessment tools influence teams’ ability to identify, evaluate and mitigate risks from such indirect interactions. In a controlled experiment, 14 engineering teams (comprising professionals and graduate students) engaged in simulated design decisions across three system configurations. Tool usage – including models of direct and indirect risk propagation and value-based trade-offs – was continuously logged and linked to outcomes. Teams that engaged earlier and more deliberately with the tools identified risks sooner and selected mitigation actions with more favourable cost–benefit profiles. Results show that strategic, not merely frequent, tool use improves risk management performance, particularly when addressing cascading effects from indirect physical interactions. These findings support the use of structured supports to enhance both the efficiency of early-stage risk evaluation and the efficacy of risk treatment.}, doi = {10.1017/dsj.2025.10015}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105011086114} } @article{martinssonbonde2025managing, author = {Martinsson Bonde, Julian and Alonso Fernández, Iñigo and Kokkolaras, Michael and Malmqvist, Johan and Panarotto, Massimo and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Managing combinatorial design challenges using flexibility and pathfinding algorithms}, journal = {Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design Analysis and Manufacturing AIEDAM}, year = {2025}, month = {6}, volume = {39}, abstract = {Morphological matrices (MMs) have traditionally been used to generate concepts by combining different means. However, exploring the vast design space resulting from the combinatorial explosion of large MMs is challenging. Additionally, all alternative means are not necessarily compatible with each other. At the same time, for a system to achieve long-term success, it is necessary for it to be flexible such that it can easily be changed. Attaining high system flexibility necessitates an elevated compatibility with alternative means of achieving system functions, which further complicates the design space exploration process. To that end, we present an approach that we refer to as multi-objective technology assortment combinatorics. It uses a shortest-path algorithm to rapidly converge to a set of promising design candidates. While this approach can take flexibility into account, it can also consider other quantifiable objectives such as the cost and performance of the system. The efficiency of this approach is demonstrated with a case study from the automotive industry.}, doi = {10.1017/s0890060425100048}, pubtype = {Journal article}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105009957406} } @phdthesis{pradasgomez2025design, author = {Pradas Gómez, Alejandro}, title = {Design Automation techniques for the accelerated design of aerospace components}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2025}, abstract = {The pace at which new technology and air transport system architectures need to be incorporated into the air fleet to compensate for its climate impact is ever increasing. Consequently, the speed at which the next generation of more sustainable products need to be designed is also increasing. Being complex and critical systems, their performance needs to be evaluated in detail, for which existing automation techniques have been traditionally applied to speed up the analysis. However, these technologies are limited by human in the automation challenges, and new techniques are required that can scale to the accelerated pace of design cycles. This research explores the different types of design automation approaches on the aerospace industry and academia, looking for strengths to build upon and challenges to avoid or consider in the next generation of automation frameworks.Generative AI is a novel technology currently under intense development, along with high level expectations on LLM applicability into Engineering Design - yet there is no clear best practice, nor a sound theory basis available to guide developers of new/improved design methodologies and practices. Its applications for design automation opens up a new paradigm that presents both challenges and opportunities to the engineering practice and the design engineering community. This research identifies such factors through the development of use cases in collaboration with industry. In addition, it proposes models to position their novelty with respect the existing aerospace ecosystem of designers and tools, clarifying the novel technology role and contribution to the design activities.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/544934}, type = {Licentiate thesis}, pubtype = {Licentiate thesis}, theme = {Design automation}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{martinssonbonde2025computational, author = {Martinsson Bonde, Julian}, title = {A computational similarity-assisted multi-domain framework for conceptual engineering design}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2025}, abstract = {In this thesis, a set of methods is proposed for assisting design engineers in exploring trade-offs among performance, manufacturability, and sustainability, during the early design phase. These methods were developed in close collaboration with a Swedish aerospace company to mitigate the risk of costly redesigns later in development. Among the challenges addressed is how to capture and evaluate the necessary information to consider such trade-offs while there is still enough freedom to make changes to the design. A computational framework is proposed which serves to elicit the necessary foundation for informed decision-making. This framework entails understanding the similarities among new designs and previous design endeavors through the application of similarity metrics. These metrics provide increased trustworthiness in evaluation results, a means for identifying asset reuse potential, and guides designers into staying within the well-understood regions of the design space. Furthermore, the framework highlights the importance of multi-domain trade-offs, and prescribes methods for how to consider system performance, manufacturability, and sustainability, concurrently. This reduces risk by potentially identifying issues early in development. The framework also provides a means for strategically identifying design configurations that are compatible with future technologies through the application of a new flexibility metric, preventing the risk of early system deprecation. Finally, the methods have been implemented as software tools, enabling them to be flexibly adjusted for different needs, and to be utilized by designers, academics, and students. For the aviation industry, these contributions serve as proposals for how to explore and integrate new design concepts. This has, in recent times, become increasingly important due to the ongoing climate crisis, which necessitates rapid development of more sustainable propulsion alternatives. Consequently, an improved understanding of how to efficiently integrate new technology is paramount.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/545618}, isbn = {978-91-8103-203-1}, type = {Doctoral thesis}, pubtype = {Doctoral thesis}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{arjomandirad2025data, author = {Arjomandi Rad, Mohammad}, title = {Data Engineering for Data-Driven Design}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Today, the design process of products heavily uses modeling and simulation to assess how well they fulfill the requirements. Iterative and simulation-driven design processes have reduced testing costs but not the lead time associated with them. One example is the airbag design process, which involves hundreds of manual and digital prototyping loops before physical tests are conducted. Addressing these issues requires more efficient design evaluation. Data-driven design has shown significant potential in accelerating design cycles; however, it is also hindered by its reliance on the availability of data. The product design process establishes parameterization conventions that must be followed when analyzing. Running large-scale simulations to generate labels in design datasets can be costly, often leading to underexplored design spaces. The datasets generated are created individually without a system perspective, which often restricts future design changes. This thesis investigates data engineering as a critical driver of data-driven design to support design evaluation. The goal is to identify and mitigate the main problems associated with data generation by exploring new methods for constructing, extracting, and organizing features and labels. The thesis aims to streamline digital verification cycles and reduce engineering design lead time. Extracting features from alternative geometric representations, such as the medial axis, is proposed to reduce the reliance of data-driven evaluation methods on model parameterization. Using these parameters is shown to be superior to CAD parameterization for predictive tasks. Therefore, the concept of sleeping parameters is suggested as a potentially impactful feature in the dataset, which enhances knowledge encapsulation and transfer within the product structure. Image regression is proposed using design screenshots as an alternative method for building prediction models in design evaluation. The necessary large-scale dataset for this task is created through dynamic relaxation. To address design change analysis in design evaluation, the sleeping parameters concept is used in a framework called Product Dataset Platform, where component-level data is leveraged for system-level evaluations. It was shown that these solutions, individually, enable the rapid exploration of novel design configurations and accelerate the validation process. The results contribute to the foundation for CAD-CAE integration by providing a design evaluation framework. The suggested supports enable predictive capacity that can help map function to form and allow more efficient evaluation after the design change. The findings show a way to a data-driven design evaluation method that accelerates design iterations and reduces engineering design lead time.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/546108}, isbn = {978-91-8103-221-5}, type = {Doctoral thesis}, pubtype = {Doctoral thesis}, openaccess = {true} } @article{hagstrom2025concept, author = {Hagström, Malin Hane and Bergsjö, Dag}, title = {Using Concept of Operations to Design Human-Centric Manufacturing Systems for Novel Products—A Comprehensive Prescriptive Case Study}, journal = {Systems Engineering}, year = {2025}, month = {5}, volume = {28}, pages = {453-468}, abstract = {Efficient production systems are necessary for the realization of products that fulfill customer needs and delivery requirements. However, the process of designing the production system has received little academic attention, and today's manufacturing system design processes and architecture are still based on traditional engineering methods. This paper covers a case study using the systems engineering method Concept of Operations and Operational Concept for the design of a human‐centric production system for a novel product. A comprehensive prescriptive study was designed, combined with attempts to verify the methods used. The case study applies design methods defined in ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288. A total of six workshops, the development of Concepts of Operations, three levels of Operational Concept, and two validation studies are documented. A total of 166 persons participated, and up to 15 persons participated in the validation workshops. The analysis shows that the design methods addressed gaps identified in literature: (1) the lack of systematic and effective systems engineering design methods in production system design, and (2) the lack of inclusion of human aspects in the production system design. The gaps in the effectiveness of the methods remain to be fully evaluated as the project is still running and will not be concluded until 2025. Recommendations for future work include exploring how ConOps/OpsCon method can be more widely spread and adopted by engineering as a significant artifact for systems understanding for the design of more human‐centric, resilient production systems.}, doi = {10.1002/sys.21805}, pubtype = {Journal article}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105003955737} } @article{zhang2025student, author = {Zhang, Yihua and Stöhr, Christian and Jämsvi, Susanne Strömberg and Kabo, Jens and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Student Experiences of Hybrid and Online Engineering Labs in a Logic Control Course}, journal = {Computer Applications in Engineering Education}, year = {2025}, month = {5}, volume = {33}, abstract = {In the rapidly evolving landscape of engineering education, the shift toward online and hybrid lab formats requires a critical examination of their impact on students' learning experiences. This study investigates the experiences of 82 students in a logic control course with campus, remote, and simulation labs, through the lens of the Community of Inquiry framework. Although our qualitative thematic analysis confirms students' general preference for campus labs, we extend this observation through nuanced insights into the cognitive, teaching, and social elements of students' perceptions of their learning experiences in the different lab formats. Students appreciate the increased accessibility and flexibility of remote options, while also identifying challenges and limitations for cognitive engagement, instructional support, and social connection. Our results suggest that with targeted improvements, online and hybrid labs can enhance students' learning experience considerably, particularly if integrated purposefully with campus labs. We discuss theoretical and practical key implications for designing blended lab environments.}, doi = {10.1002/cae.70032}, pubtype = {Journal article}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105016843006} } @article{hanehagstrom2025visual, author = {Hane Hagström, Malin and Bergsjö, Dag}, title = {Using visual requirements modeling to design human-centric manufacturing systems for novel products – A comprehensive predictive case study}, journal = {Systems Engineering}, year = {2025}, month = {3}, volume = {28}, pages = {255-269}, abstract = {Efficient production systems are necessary for the realization of products that fulfil customer needs and delivery requirements. However, the process of designing the production system has received little academic attention and today's manufacturing system design processes and architecture are still based on traditional engineering methods. This study covers a case study using visual requirements modeling for the design of a production system for a new product. A comprehensive prescriptive study was designed combined with attempts to verify the methods used. A total of six workshops, development of models to define requirements to select concepts, and two validation studies are documented. A total of 166 persons participated, and up to 15 persons participated in the validation workshops. The analysis shows that the method addressed several of the gaps identified in literature: (1) the lack of systematic and effective systems engineering design methods in production system design, and (2) the lack of inclusion of human aspects in the production system design. The gaps in the effectiveness of the methods remain to be fully evaluated, as the project is still running and will not be concluded until 2025. Recommendations for future work include exploring further the management mechanisms of systems engineering, which type of competences does the future engineer need and how production system design engineers can learn more from other disciplines.}, doi = {10.1002/sys.21792}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85208075761} } @inproceedings{kretzschmar2025role, author = {Kretzschmar, Maximilian and Gundermann, Alexander and Mehlstäubl, Jan and Pradas Gómez, Alejandro and Saske, Bernhard and Paetzold-Byhain, Kristin}, title = {Using Role-Specialized LLM Agents for Workflow Execution in a Product Development Setting}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control Icisc 2025}, year = {2025}, month = {1}, pages = {642-650}, abstract = {Many product development tasks require multi-step reasoning and decision-making that exceed the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) operating in isolation. This research introduces a framework for constructing multi-agent systems (MAS) with LLMs for product development and presents an empirical study of its effectiveness. By decomposing workflows into subtasks handled by role-specialized agents, the system leverages agentic design principles and outperforms isolated model outputs. We evaluate this approach using LLaMA-3.1 (8B) and Gemma 2.0 (9B) in a realistic engineering scenario. While enabling more complex problem solving, the MAS also introduces challenges in transparency and fault tracing across input-output chains. Our findings highlight trade-offs and the need for further research on design practices for reliable agentic AI systems in industrial settings.}, doi = {10.1109/icisc65841.2025.11188152}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/552543/file/552543_Fulltext.pdf}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Design automation}, scopusid = {105020988662} } @article{pradasgomez2025fuse, author = {Pradas Gómez, Alejandro and Panarotto, Massimo and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {FUSE: A Novel Design Space Exploration Method for Aero Engine Components That Combines Functional and Physical Domains}, journal = {Aerospace}, year = {2025}, month = {1}, volume = {12}, abstract = {Society awareness and environmental goals are forcing the aerospace industry to develop new sustainable system architectures. The components in the new system have to meet new functional requirements using alternative technologies and design solutions while ensuring that the physical performance of the component is maintained. However, design space exploration of both domains is challenging due to the intrinsic differences and nature of each: functional domain exploration deals with alternative means to solve functions, while physical exploration deals with parametric values, such as geometric dimensions and material types. Here, we present a method that enables concurrent exploration of the functional and physical design space. The method is based on a review of existing design space exploration methodologies. It has been developed in collaboration with industry and validated within a use case. We expect that this method will be useful for designers in conceptual phases where there are several functions containing multiple design alternatives and incompatibilities among them. The results of the method will allow designers to narrow down the design space to a few architectural candidates, including a baseline of physical dimensioning for each candidate.}, doi = {10.3390/aerospace12010051}, pubtype = {Journal article}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85215990295} } @incollection{hallstedt2025developing, author = {Hallstedt, Sophie I. and Isaksson, Ola and Schulte, Jesko}, title = {DEVELOPING PRODUCTS FOR A SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITION}, booktitle = {Routledge Companion to Marketing and Sustainability}, year = {2025}, month = {1}, pages = {108-122}, abstract = {This chapter addresses the importance of designing sustainable and circular solutions that can also foster changes in user behaviour. A transition towards sustainability partly depends on consumers changing their behaviours and, in some instances, consuming less. It also requires different types of products that form part of more circular production and consumption systems, or work in emerging “bottom-of-the-pyramid” market contexts, so that human needs can be met with a much lighter ecological footprint. Sustainable product development means that social and ecological sustainability considerations are integrated throughout the design process. By applying strategic thinking, step-wise solutions can be identified that contribute to sustainable development in ways that benefit the own organization, thereby creating positive change and momentum for further action. This holistic approach involves anticipating sustainability-related consequences early in the innovation process, which is critical for minimizing socio-ecological impacts. By focusing on a product’s full life cycle rather than traditional performance metrics, companies can align their development practices with environmental and social responsibilities and cease opportunities on increasingly sustainability-driven markets. For those working in marketing and product development, training to think and act strategically in relation to sustainability is essential to prevent humanity from being overwhelmed by its own consumption.}, doi = {10.4324/9781003412397-10}, pubtype = {Book chapter}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {105002505968} } @inproceedings{eckert2025co, author = {Eckert, Claudia and Stacey, Martin and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Co-Evolution of Technology and the Supporting Method Ecosystem}, booktitle = {Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering}, year = {2025}, month = {1}, pages = {1-12}, abstract = {Traditionally tools and methods in engineering have been developed in response of industry wanting to carry out particular tasks. This means that many new technologies, hit the market, but industry is not ready to deploy them effectively until it has worked out a way to use the technology or been exposed to specific methods. The paper summarizes the current debate on methods in the engineering design community. It advocates for a co-development of tools and methods together with new technologies and for a greater integration of tools and methods with each other in particular around disciplinary boundaries. This requires the active engagement of industry as the ultimate user, the engineers and scientists who develop the technologies, and the engineering design researchers who develop the tools and methods, to develop a mutual understanding of the set of concepts and representations used in different fields and their take on common problems. The paper argues that, instead of looking at methods in isolation, tools and methods should be seen as parts of an ecosystem, where different ideas can be related to each other and methods and tools can build on each other.}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-94484-0_1}, url = {https://dora.dmu.ac.uk/items/2fe2eae2-ef0f-48f6-9fe1-21a759dd57b2}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, oaversion = {accepted}, scopusid = {105009263128} } @inproceedings{schon2025leveraging, author = {Schön, Per Persson and El-Haj, Rim and Osamwanze, Blessing and Bergsjö, Dag Henrik}, title = {Leveraging AI to Enhance Systems Engineering Practices in Large-Scale Infrastructure Projects}, booktitle = {Isse 2025 11th IEEE International Symposium on Systems Engineering Symposium Proceedings}, year = {2025}, month = {1}, abstract = {The increasing complexity of large-scale infrastructure projects presents significant challenges and specifically challenges in Systems Engineering (SE) activities, particularly in managing vast volumes of data, evolving stakeholder requirements, and maintaining traceability across long project lifecycles. This study explores the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly tools based on Natural Language Processing, to support SE practices in infrastructure contexts. Through a combination of survey data, two pilot studies, and five semi-structured interviews conducted within the Swedish national transport administration, the research investigates how AI can improve system information management, assist with Systems Engineering tasks, and what practical barriers limit broader adoption. Findings indicate that AI tools show promise in supporting text-heavy SE tasks such as document summarization, requirement tracking, and assumption analysis. However, low organizational awareness, trust concerns, lack of integration into workflows, and restricted access to internal data due to security concerns significantly limit their current impact. The study concludes by recommending targeted organizational strategies, operational support roles, and structured experimentation to unlock the full potential of AI in supporting SE in large-scale infrastructure projects.}, doi = {10.1109/isse65546.2025.11370113}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Design automation}, scopusid = {105034968655} } @inproceedings{kwok2025assessing, author = {Kwok, Sze Yin and Hallstedt, Sophie Isaksson and Nylander, Johanna Wallin}, title = {Assessing and Visualising Sustainability Value of Product Concepts in Early Design Stage for Strategic Decision Making}, booktitle = {Procedia CIRP}, year = {2025}, month = {1}, volume = {136}, pages = {1014-1020}, abstract = {Integrating sustainability into early product design stage is crucial for companies to navigate complexity effectively. Based on a long-term research collaboration with an aerospace product manufacturer, this paper introduces an improved prototype of the Sustainability Criteria and Product Life-Cycle Data Simulation digital decision-support tool for visualising and comparing the sustainability implications of product design concepts. Unlike existing tools, it allows quantitative comparisons in early design stages and is based on overarching socio-ecological sustainability principles and a backcasting perspective. A sustainability merit score for each product design concept is derived from selected indicators and sustainability criteria. The paper also reports on the results from a focus group evaluation study and discusses the value and challenges faced when developing this type of tool, including accuracy, data availability limitations, and the dilemma of indicator weighting.}, doi = {10.1016/j.procir.2025.08.172}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105015296547} } @inproceedings{garciaholgado2025development, author = {Garcia-Holgado, Alicia and Garcia-Holgado, Lucia and Vázquez-Ingelmo, Andrea and Therón, Roberto and Chiarello, Filippo and Štorga, Mario and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Development of a Living Lab Model Driven by Artificial Intelligence and Sustainability: DETAILLs Project}, booktitle = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, year = {2025}, month = {1}, volume = {15807 LNCS}, pages = {247-256}, abstract = {Addressing the pressing global challenges of sustainability requires innovative approaches that integrate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) principles into real-world problem-solving. This paper presents a project that serves as a model for exploring and implementing sustainable solutions to real-world challenges. DETAILLs fosters a co-creative ecosystem where researchers, students, businesses, and end-users collaborate on real-world challenges integrating artificial intelligence with Living Labs. This model innovates by shifting the focus from product development to design methodologies, incorporating AI-driven decision-making tools, and embedding sustainability principles across environmental, social, and governance (ESG) dimensions. The project equips higher education students with essential green, digital, and entrepreneurial skills through challenge-based learning and digital tools. Additionally, DETAILLs strengthens university-industry networks, ensuring the transferability of AI-driven sustainable design methods. By bridging academia and industry, the project fosters innovation and promotes a new generation of professionals capable of leading sustainable transformations in diverse sectors.}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-93567-1_17}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {105008219796} } @inproceedings{braun2025evaluating, author = {Braun, Greta and Kretschmer, Maria and Bokinge, Mattias and Singer-Coudoux, Katrin and Rosén, Bengt-Göran and Stahre, Johan}, title = {Evaluating A Skill Management Platform: Towards an Upskilling System for Large and Small Companies}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the European Conference on E Learning Ecel}, year = {2025}, month = {1}, pages = {21-29}, abstract = {As industry navigates the transition towards Industry 5.0, the need for human-centric workforce development becomes more pressing than ever. This shift highlights not only technological implementations but also employee empowerment through lifelong learning. Digital platforms for learning and skill management rapidly emerge, to align individuals’ skills with changing organisational needs. However, how these platforms are perceived and integrated across different companies is greatly underexplored. This study describes a mixed-methods evaluation of a digital skill management platform implemented in two industrial contexts: large Swedish companies and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Germany. The platform offers individual skill gap assessments, recommending suitable training for users. In the study, two main dimensions were investigated, i.e. the platform’s perceived effectiveness for users and the organisational integration of the platform. Results show a range of challenges in said dimensions. Users report varying platform usability and relevance of recommended learning. Results also reveal challenges in organisational integration and in aligning the platform with existing company-internal skill, task, and job taxonomies, including learning management systems (LMS). Other identified issues were user engagement and the visibility of learning progress for managers. Our conclusions emphasise the importance of adapting solutions to organisational contexts when implementing skill management systems. Based on insights from the study, recommendations for supporting successful implementation of such platforms, including the need to accommodate different stakeholder needs, are outlined. Our recommendations include enabling conditions, organisational integration and platform design. The presented results contribute to ongoing discussions on how digital learning solutions can support efficient workforce transformation towards Industry 5.0. Our findings have clear value for the university and research institution context, where researchers, teachers, and leaders are exploring ways to deliver lifelong learning opportunities in industry. Skill management platforms have potential to serve as bridges between university courses and workplace learning demands, enabling universities to play important roles in their employees’ lifelong learning.}, doi = {10.34190/ecel.24.1.3949}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105030179914} } @article{johansson2025automated, author = {Johansson, Birgitta I and Landahl, Jonas and Tammelin, Karin and Aerts, Erik and Lundberg, Christina E and Adiels, Martin and Lindgren, Martin and Rosengren, Annika and Papachrysos, Nikolaos and Filipsson Nyström, Helena and Sjöland, Helen}, title = {Automated Process for Monitoring of Amiodarone Treatment: Development and Evaluation}, journal = {Journal of Medical Internet Research}, year = {2025}, month = {1}, volume = {27}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Amiodarone treatment requires repeated laboratory evaluations of thyroid and liver function due to potential side effects. Robotic process automation uses software robots to automate repetitive and routine tasks, and their use may be extended to clinical settings. OBJECTIVE: Thus, this study aimed to develop a robot using a diagnostic classification algorithm to automate repetitive laboratory evaluations for amiodarone follow-up. METHODS: We designed a robot and clinical decision support system based on expert clinical advice and current best practices in thyroid and liver disease management. The robot provided recommendations on the time interval to follow-up laboratory testing and management suggestions, while the final decision rested with a physician, acting as a human-in-the-loop. The performance of the robot was compared to the existing real-world manual follow-up routine for amiodarone treatment. RESULTS: Following iterative technical improvements, a robot prototype was validated against physician orders (n=390 paired orders). The robot recommended a mean follow-up time interval of 4.5 (SD 2.4) months compared to the 3.1 (SD 1.4) months ordered by physicians (P<.001). For normal laboratory values, the robot recommended a 6-month follow-up in 281 (72.1\%) of cases, whereas physicians did so in only 38 (9.7\%) of cases, favoring a 3- to 4-month follow-up (n=227, 58.2\%). All patients diagnosed with new side effects (n=12) were correctly detected by the robot, whereas only 8 were by the physician. CONCLUSIONS: An automated process, using a software robot and a diagnostic classification algorithm, is a technically and medically reliable alternative for amiodarone follow-up. It may reduce manual labor, decrease the frequency of laboratory testing, and improve the detection of side effects, thereby reducing costs and enhancing patient value.}, doi = {10.2196/65473}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Design automation}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85218720231} } @article{alonsofernandez2024modeling, author = {Alonso Fernández, Inñigo and Panarotto, Massimo and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Modeling Technical Risk Propagation Using Field-Effects in Automotive Technology Infusion Design Studies}, journal = {Journal of Mechanical Design}, year = {2024}, month = {12}, volume = {146}, abstract = {The integration of novel technologies into existing product architectures poses significant challenges, especially in managing the associated technical risks that affect system functionality and reliability. Traditional methods often struggle with the unpredictability and complexity of field effects due to technological integration. To address these challenges, this study introduces a novel DSM (Design Structure Matrix)-based method that accurately accounts for and mitigates both first-order and higher-order field effects. By employing the inverse-square law, our method quantifies the attenuation of field effects with distance, thereby enhancing the precision of impact assessments across the system architecture. This approach is substantiated through a case study involving the introduction of a steer-by-wire (SbW) system in automotive design. The case study highlights the method's effectiveness in identifying and managing potential integration points for new technologies, offering a systematic framework for minimizing risk and enhancing system design in automotive engineering. The success of this method in the case study provides practical insights into the design around the impact of field effects, emphasizing its applicability and value in real-world engineering scenarios.}, doi = {10.1115/1.4065611}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, scopusid = {85195793512} } @article{mallalieu2024barriers, author = {Mallalieu, Adam and Isaksson Hallstedt, Sophie and Isaksson, Ola and Watz, Matilda and Almefelt, Lars}, title = {Barriers and enablers for the adoption of sustainable design practices using new design methods – Accelerating the sustainability transformation in the manufacturing industry}, journal = {Sustainable Production and Consumption}, year = {2024}, month = {11}, volume = {51}, pages = {137-158}, abstract = {Product development and manufacturing organizations struggle in their sustainability transformation and do not sufficiently contribute to sustainable production and consumption. Design researchers, at the same time, develop and propose a plethora of new and improved design methods that can support the manufacturing industry in such transformation. It is, despite this, well-documented in literature that the industrial adoption of such proposed design methods is challenging. Previous research in the design domain has mainly studied this issue from a process and methodological perspective, whereas previous research in the management domain instead has focused on organizational, and human-behavioral aspects. This poses a research gap for more interdisciplinary research that studies the adoption of design methods from all three perspectives (i.e., process and methodology, organization, and human behavior). Six parallel case studies were carried out with three different product development and manufacturing organizations to collect qualitative empirical data. Glaserian grounded theory was used to analyze the collected data. This resulted in a descriptive framework that captures 53 interdisciplinary factors influencing the adoption of sustainable design practices using new and improved design methods. The descriptive framework is compared to interdisciplinary literature to further clarify and explain the findings, highlighting both practical and theoretical implications. This research provides three main contributions to theory and practice: (1) Two new concepts are introduced and used to explain the empirical findings, which are referred to as the dualism of design methods , and the situational design problem ; (2) Nine systemic barriers and eight propositions are formulated, which highlight the need for a paradigm shift in how design is practiced in industry, how cognitive biases inside organizations can lead to a state of pseudo-sustainability, and the need for improved information and data management capabilities in organizations; (3) Sustainable design thinking is proposed as an potential enabler to address several of the main barriers, as it aims to provide a base competence of sustainable design to systematically challenge cognitive biases inside organizations.}, doi = {10.1016/j.spc.2024.08.023}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85204057588} } @phdthesis{mallalieu2024adoption, author = {Mallalieu, Adam}, title = {On the adoption of design methods: Accelerating the sustainability transformation in manufacturing industry}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The manufacturing industry requires a rapid shift and change of practices to align with sustainable production and consumption. This, together with emerging technologies, upcoming legislation, and changing market trends push for a so-called sustainability transformation. The notion of sustainable design practices has been identified and highlighted as a crucial enabler to succeed in such a transformation. At the same time, design researchers develop design methods that can support organizations to adopt sustainable design practices and accelerate such a transformation. However, the industrial adoption of such design methods is challenging, and their use remains under-utilized. Research in the design domain tends to study this issue from a process and methodological perspective, often resulting in 'pragmatic' proposals on how developed design methods can be modified and adapted, or 'improved', to meet the needs of practitioners. Such an approach, however, often fails to appropriately consider organizational and human-behavioral aspects to change, which in turn have been more studied in the management research domain. This opens up for research considering these three perspectives simultaneously when studying the adoption of design methods. Qualitative empirical data focused on the adoption of sustainable design practices using design methods was therefore collected, using participatory observation in several case studies with actors from the manufacturing industry. Three literature studies complemented the empirical data collection to understand the topic further. This thesis identifies five key barriers to the adoption of sustainable design practices using design methods: (i) The prescriptive nature of design methods combined with the influence of human-behavioral aspects; (ii) The contextual complexity of design method adoption; (iii) A paradigm of product design that persists in the manufacturing industry; (iv) The presence of cognitive biases that risk of leading to a state of pseudo-sustainability; (v) Insufficient information and data capabilities. Two new concepts were also introduced, referred to as the dualism of design methods, and the situational design problem. These two concepts clarify the role of design methods and explain the barriers to adoption. Finally, pathways for future research to address these key barriers were proposed, including approaches to needs driven and contextually adapted adoption, and Sustainable design thinking.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/541032}, type = {Licentiate thesis}, pubtype = {Licentiate thesis}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{hajali2024role, author = {Hajali, Tina}, title = {The Role of Digitalisation in Early Design for Additive Manufacturing}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Additive Manufacturing (AM) offers various advantages in both product design and supply chain. However, its industrial uptake has been less than initiallyexpected, with digitalisation as a significant but often overlooked obstacle. At the same time, design plays a crucial role across the product lifecycle. This thesis, therefore, explores the impact of digitalisation on Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM). Key findings reveal that the AM process requires tailored data management, information flows, and knowledge management strategies. To benefit fully from AM, it is essential to understand both itsadvantages and the conditions necessary to achieve them, revealing a practical knowledge gap. This research identifies that current design and manufacturing process selection methods frequently overlook the need for early design-phase suitability analysis, critical for maximising the effectiveness of DfAM guidelines. The findings suggest that AM design may require a precise formulation or, in some cases, reformulation of requirements. Additionally, systematic strategies are required to collect and manage information and data supporting informed manufacturing decisions. To address these needs, the Manufacturing Process Decision Support (MPDS) method was developed, incorporating key factors influencing manufacturing process decisions. This structured approach facilitates assessing the feasibility and suitability of AM in the early design phase, enabling greater benefits from DfAM guidelines. Future directions include validation of MPDS in an industrial setting. Further, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques can be explored to advance decision support by enhancing data collection, organization, and analysis. The integration of sustainability assessments in such early decision-making remains essential but underexplored, a critical step toward achieving widespread and “proper” industrial adoption of AM.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/543688}, type = {Licentiate thesis}, pubtype = {Licentiate thesis}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{hanehagstrom2024systems, author = {Hane Hagström, Malin}, title = {A Systems Engineering Approach for Design of Production Systems for Novel Products}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The heavy truck industry is facing new market challenges and is investing vastly in new product portfolios. Investments in the industrial systems are of significant magnitude, with annual costs for equipment and machinery in some cases more than double the costs for R\&D. Remarkably, despite the vast monetary investments made in production systems, the interest shown by industry and academy in systematic and effective systems engineering design methods in production system design is low. For the powertrain production system engineering community, there are several additional factors impacting simultaneously which are influencing the required skillsets and ways of working, for example the transformation to electric powertrains and the drive to build human-centric production systems. With systematic systems engineering, the risks with industrial projects of cost overruns, increased lead times and work overload for engineers due to late capturing of requirements could be reduced, and this leads to Claim 1 of this research:· Claim 1: The synthesis of the current industrial problem and the research gaps indicates that a framework is needed for human-centric production system design for novel products in order to mitigate risks in terms of cost, performance and schedule due to late identification of system requirements. Two large battery plant projects were followed for 18 months, starting in the concept phase. A Design Research Method was applied with workshops and interviews with a total of 178 practitioners (not 178 unique individuals, however). A framework was developed combining the systems engineering methods of Concept of Operations and Model-based Systems Engineering with creative cross-functional workshops and visual models. The framework is called Visual Design Human-Centric Production (VDHCP). By following the developed framework, 60 previously neglected new IT demands were identified. Additionally, the methods created engagement from engineering and project members. Traditionally, non-detected demands would have become obvious after implementation of the production system with potential consequential cost overruns, increased lead times and work overload for engineers. The findings of these studies lead to Claim 2 and Claim 3 of this research:· Claim 2: The VDHCP framework, combining the system engineering methods of Concept of Operations and Model-based Systems Engineering with creative cross-functional workshops and visual models, could be developed to support powertrain production system design engineers to identify system requirements early when designing human-centric production systems for novel products.· Claim 3: The VDHCP framework supports powertrain production system design engineers to identify system requirements early when designing human-centric production systems for novel products, as 60 previously neglected new IT demands were identified and hence mitigated the risks in terms of cost, performance and schedule due to late identification of requirements.Recommendations for future work include exploring further what the production system design engineering community could harvest from the product development community, and if these methods would have any actual impact on project cost and lead time overruns, workload of engineers and better production systems in terms of resilience, sustainability and human factors.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/540913}, isbn = {978-91-8103-048-8}, type = {Doctoral thesis}, pubtype = {Doctoral thesis}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{alonsofernandez2024balancing, author = {Alonso Fernandez, Iñigo}, title = {Balancing Value Trade-Offs in Automotive Platform Evolution}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In a rapidly evolving automotive landscape, with quick technological advancements and shifting customer demands, the ability to design flexible product platforms has become a critical competitive advantage. This thesis aims to develop design supports for the iterative design and analysis of the incorporation of new technology into automotive product platforms, by investigating how these platforms can adapt to rapid technological changes and diverse customer demands, i.e., expand their external variety. The intense competitive landscape and minimal profit margins in the automotive industry have necessitated its platform development to focus on cost efficiency and standardization, i.e., limiting the internal variety. However, with the increasing pressures of sustainability and the need for quicker market responses, traditional approaches have shown that the rigidity of the constraints they impose limits their ability to adapt swiftly. This thesis proposes a model-based framework that emphasizes the early integration of flexibility, value-based decision-making, resilient design strategies, and proactive risk management to address these challenges. A new method using the concept of platform margins was introduced to assess platform flexibility over time. Further, the concept of resilient objects was developed, which are platform components that can easily adapt to or absorb changes. The research also addressed change propagation, especially considering Field Effects (FE). These methods were validated through real-world tests involving experienced practitioners from Swedish automotive OEMs.This thesis highlights the importance of prioritizing flexibility from the initial stages of platform design when the impact of architectural decisions is greater. By employing value-based decision-making techniques, the framework balances short-term and long-term goals, aligning the control of current costs with the necessary buffers to address future needs. Proactive risk management techniques are employed to predict and mitigate potential risks from the higher-order effects of technology changes. This framework, with its focus on platform design margins, provides a strategic approach to optimizing the trade-off between both internal and external variety, ensuring platforms are not only efficient today but also ready for the innovations of tomorrow.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/542514}, isbn = {978-91-8103-094-5}, type = {Doctoral thesis}, pubtype = {Doctoral thesis}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true} } @article{graziosi2024vision, author = {Graziosi, Serena and Faludi, Jeremy and Stanković, Tino and Borgianni, Yuri and Meisel, Nicholas and Hallstedt, Sophie I. and Rosen, David W.}, title = {A vision for sustainable additive manufacturing}, journal = {Nature Sustainability}, year = {2024}, month = {6}, volume = {7}, pages = {698-705}, abstract = {Radical technological innovations are emerging in response to environmental, economic and geopolitical pressures. This affects how we design and manufacture new solutions. Additive manufacturing, one of the enabling technologies of the digital transition, can support more-sustainable manufacturing processes if developed through a system-level approach. In this Perspective, we adopt such an approach: we propose to use established sustainable design methods to innovate additive manufacturing systems and to consider how to make additive manufacturing an enabler of sustainable design in combination with conventional manufacturing. We then discuss how to implement our vision to enable additive manufacturing for sustainability.}, doi = {10.1038/s41893-024-01313-x}, url = {https://re.public.polimi.it/handle/11311/1265604}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, oaversion = {accepted}, scopusid = {85189242856} } @article{alhandawi2024design, author = {Al Handawi, Khalil and Brahma, Arindam and Wynn, David C. and Kokkolaras, Michael and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Design Space Exploration and Evaluation Using Margin-Based Trade-Offs}, journal = {Journal of Mechanical Design}, year = {2024}, month = {6}, volume = {146}, abstract = {Design space exploration and margin analysis can inform critical decisions early in engineering design, helping to handle the uncertainties of early design while ensuring design performance. In practice, the complexity of many products makes such decision-making challenging. This paper addresses the challenge with a new design framework that relies on the margin value method to evaluate sets of concepts that are combinatorially generated from an enhanced function-means tree. The basis for concept comparison is the margin value in each design alternative. The margin value method is expanded to address a broad class of design problems by using surrogate models and novel metrics for evaluating different conceptual alternatives. Visualization tools are introduced to support the evaluations. The efficacy of the framework is demonstrated using the design of a structural aero-engine component involving simulation models and uncertain load specifications. Overall, this paper shows how design concepts can be compared objectively and distilled to a set of alternatives that would retain their values throughout product development.}, doi = {10.1115/1.4063966}, url = {https://khbalhandawi.github.io/assets/pdf/Al%20Handawi%20et%20al.%20-%202023%20-%20Design%20space%20exploration%20and%20evaluation%20using%20margin-based%20trade-offs.pdf}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, oaversion = {accepted}, scopusid = {85180402523} } @inproceedings{leonard2024introductory, author = {Léonard, Pauline L.Y. and Hallstedt, Sophie I. and Nylander, Johanna W. and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {An Introductory Study of the Sustainability Transition for the Aerospace Manufacturing Industry}, booktitle = {Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering}, year = {2024}, month = {4}, volume = {52}, pages = {577-588}, abstract = {This paper explores the needs and clarify the sustainability challenges in relation to complex lifecycles within the aerospace field. It is an introductory study to understand how to improve the sustainability performance of aerospace solutions and aim to propose a comprehensive sustainability transition roadmap for the Aerospace industry in further research work. Society is increasingly demanding that the aviation industry adopt more sustainable practices, resulting in the formulation of new regulations and policies to limit the sustainability risks of this strategic industry. Existing regulations, such as the EU’s Green Deal and the EU’s critical raw materials act, are already impacting the Swedish aerospace manufacturing industry. Furthermore, circular economy is gaining significant attention in the manufacturing industry in general and is increasingly considered in aerospace. This exploratory and descriptive research is conducted with support of Swedish Aerospace manufacturers and aim to cover real industrial projects with products at different stages of development. The interviewed companies operate within both civil and governmental aerospace sectors, encompassing the entire spectrum of product development, from radically innovative technology introductions to enhancements made to existing systems and components. This paper highlights current challenges and several focus areas on which the aerospace manufacturers have started to work on and will have in focus for the next 5–10 years ahead. Differences in approach have been identified between early product development phases with radical innovations and more advanced and mature product development. The stakes and priorities are different and it is reflected on how the companies are working with sustainability today. There is a need to balance efforts between developing the right future products, and also improving current ones, to lead the sustainability transformation in the aerospace industry.}, doi = {10.3233/atde240200}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85191345921} } @inproceedings{isaksson2024importance, author = {Isaksson, Ola and Brahma, Arindam and Hajali, Tina and Ohlsson, David and Mallalieu, Adam}, title = {The Importance of Digitalisation in Industrialising Additive Manufacturing: Learnings from the DIDAM P2030 Project}, booktitle = {Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering}, year = {2024}, month = {4}, volume = {52}, pages = {442-452}, abstract = {Additive manufacturing, a technology that has evolved significantly over the last few decades, has shifted from prototyping to final product manufacturing. Despite its potential in design flexibility and customisation, its implementation in industrial ecosystems often faces challenges, especially in companies with established traditional manufacturing methods. This paper explores additive manufacturing beyond the printing process, drawing insights from the DIDAM project in Swedish manufacturing companies. It maps the advantages of additive manufacturing to external factors influencing its success such as digital infrastructure. This mapping yields “risk factors” for its implementation. These factors are based on empirical observations from the DIDAM project to identify potential failure modes, assess risks, and provide a snapshot view of critical issues. This objective evaluation aims to support managers in evaluating the risks associated with additive manufacturing’s integration into a company’s manufacturing ecosystem, based on empirical findings in industrial cases as reported in the DIDAM Digital Model Guide (Digital Model Guide, 2023).}, doi = {10.3233/atde240187}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85191287666} } @inproceedings{brahma2024circular, author = {Brahma, Arindam and Hallstedt, Sophie I. and Wynn, David C. and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Circular products: the balance between sustainability and excessive margins in design}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2024}, month = {1}, volume = {4}, pages = {1199-1208}, abstract = {As the world deals with climate change, it is crucial that new products are designed to be more sustainable. Product design strategies which conform to the Circular Economy principles have recently gained attention, which promote sustainability and resource efficiency. However, such strategies require careful consideration of uncertainties and the ways to mitigate them, e.g. by using margins. The pursuit of circularity can inadvertently lead to overdesign as designers strive to mitigate elevated risks, thereby making a product less sustainable. In this paper, we explore this balance.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2024.122}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85194044544} } @article{panarotto2024local, author = {Panarotto, Massimo and Alonso Fernández, Iñigo}, title = {Local absorption of uncertainty in complex systems using resilient objects}, journal = {Journal of Engineering Design}, year = {2024}, month = {1}, volume = {35}, pages = {1292-1310}, abstract = {Traditional approaches to managing uncertainties during product development often lead to increased complexity and resource consumption.This paper introduces the concept of 'resilient objects' as an alternative solution, designed to provide passive protection against disruptive events of different kinds, thereby reducing the necessity for complex margins at system interfaces.The paper illustrates the concept of resilient objects through practical examples, which demonstrate the objects' ability to uphold system functionality even when faced with unexpected disruptive events.By embodying resilience locally in areas of the system that are most susceptible to uncertain conditions, resilient objects offer the potential to minimise interface margins and thus the need for excessive system over-design.The concept of resilient objects offers a new perspective on how to solve the trade-offs between resilience and complexity when addressing uncertainties in the dynamic landscape of product development.}, doi = {10.1080/09544828.2024.2327913}, pubtype = {Journal article}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85188474352} } @inproceedings{mallalieu2024sustainability, author = {Mallalieu, Adam Mattias and Jonasson, Amanda and Petersson, Sara and Rosendal, Marlene and Hallstedt, Sophie I. and Almefelt, Lars and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Sustainability criteria for introducing new technologies in low-income contexts}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2024}, month = {1}, volume = {4}, pages = {1359-1368}, abstract = {Introducing new technologies in low-income contexts have potential for positive social impact, and such efforts are made by humanitarian engineering non-govermental organisations (NGOs). The impact can increase if a systemic sustainability perspective is considered in the design process. Sustainability criteria are identified using a literature study combined with an empirical study together with a Swedish NGO. These criteria are synthesized into a simplified Sustainability Fingerprint tool which is evaluated and deemed to be useful when introducing new technologies in low-income contexts.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2024.138}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85194071589} } @incollection{watz2024depth, author = {Watz, Matilda and Hallstedt, Sophie I.}, title = {Depth and Detail or Quick and Easy? Benefits and Drawbacks of Two Approaches to Define Sustainability Criteria in Product Development}, booktitle = {Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Services and Social Systems I}, year = {2024}, month = {1}, pages = {413-427}, abstract = {This chapter addresses two critical aspects of sustainability integration in product design and development. The first aspect considers the scope and rigor of the approach to identify criteria to guide development of solutions with high sustainability performance, i.e., the depth and detail. The second aspect is the limited implementation of existing sustainable product development approaches in industry, which wants new tools and methods to be quick and easy to use. In three use case applications the approaches to identify leading sustainability criteria are evaluated. The results are discussed to provide guidance for industry and academia in what approach to select depending on design context, as well as directions for future research.}, doi = {10.1007/978-981-99-3818-6_28}, url = {https://bth.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1955870/FULLTEXT01}, pubtype = {Book chapter}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, oaversion = {published}, scopusid = {105002843735} } @article{ferguson2024managing, author = {Ferguson, Scott and Brahma, Arindam and Eckert, Claudia and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Managing and modelling margins in design as a means for confronting the challenges of a disruptive world}, journal = {Journal of Engineering Design}, year = {2024}, month = {1}, volume = {35}, pages = {1185-1192}, abstract = {1. Engineers use margins throughout the design process to manage uncertainty and to systematically address perceived risks. Evidence of margins appears in various design terms such as room for grow...}, doi = {10.1080/09544828.2024.2414130}, pubtype = {Editorial}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85206830384} } @inproceedings{hagstrom2024proposed, author = {Hagström, Malin Hane and Bergsjö, Dag}, title = {A proposed framework using systems engineering to design human-centric manufacturing systems for novel products to reduce complexity and risk}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2024}, month = {1}, volume = {4}, pages = {2595-2604}, abstract = {The environment for powertrain production system engineers is changing radically. This initial prescriptive study proposes a systems engineering framework based on two previous case studies which are under review for publication concerning design of battery plants. The framework was developed based on ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 standard using Concept of Operations and Model-Based Systems Engineering in a workshop setting, with a focus on visualisation to understand the practical and emotional needs of the humans in the system. The framework was validated by twelve senior project members.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2024.262}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85194106950} } @incollection{despeisse2024sustainability, author = {Despeisse, Mélanie and Hajali, Tina and Hryha, Eduard}, title = {Sustainability in Additive Manufacturing}, booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Sustainable Technologies Second Edition Volumes 1 4}, year = {2024}, month = {1}, volume = {1-4}, pages = {V1-547}, abstract = {Additive manufacturing is positioned as a key enabler for sustainable production due to its inherent characteristics connected to near-net shape manufacturing, resulting in high material efficiency, as well as individualized and flexible manufacturing of complex 3D shaped objects on-demand. In addition, feedstock materials can be either reused in case of metal or sourced sustainably in case of renewable bio-based polymers. Further economic and social benefits can be realized along the supply chain and life cycle of the materials and products, depending on the selected technology, material, and application. This article provides an overview of additive manufacturing developments, their potential sustainability benefits and challenges along with concrete examples of different technologies and applications, and barriers to adoption.}, doi = {10.1016/b978-0-323-90386-8.00123-6}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/545739/file/545739_Fulltext.pdf}, pubtype = {Book chapter}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {105000605155} } @article{bettaieb2024editorial, author = {Bettaieb, Lamjed and Ajailia, Nadia and Bennedsen, Jens and Edström, Kristina and Singh, Mark Nivan and Lyng, Reidar and Maynard, Nicoleta and Malmqvist, Johan and Byström, Fredrik}, title = {Editorial}, journal = {Proceedings of the International Cdio Conference}, year = {2024}, month = {1}, pages = {IV-V}, url = {https://cdio.org/sites/default/files/Proceedings/CDIO%202024%20Proceedings%20Front%20Matter.pdf}, pubtype = {Editorial}, scopusid = {86000265216} } @article{alonsofernandez2024reconciling, author = {Alonso Fernández, Iñigo and Panarotto, Massimo and Isaksson, Ola and Krusell, Thomas and Kero, Timo}, title = {Reconciling platform vs. product optimisation by value-based margins on solutions and parameters}, journal = {Journal of Engineering Design}, year = {2024}, month = {1}, volume = {35}, pages = {1311-1338}, abstract = {Engineering companies face the challenge of optimising margins within product platforms while balancing individual product optimisation and maximising platform commonality. Key obstacles include organizational silos, diverse design variables, design space allocation, and varying time perspectives. This paper proposes a value-based modelling methodology that integrates both internal and external variety within the manufacturer. Using an automotive Head-Up Display (HUD) case study, we demonstrate how to effectively utilise platform margins to maximise technological variety and minimise internal variety, thereby enhancing long-term system value. This approach helps design teams understand the implications of their decisions, optimise platform margins to meet evolving technological demands, reduce costs, and maximise value. Our findings advance the understanding of margin optimisation in product platforms and support informed decision-making for engineering companies facing conflicting objectives}, doi = {10.1080/09544828.2024.2396200}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Design automation}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85202523130} } @inproceedings{lovdahl2024literature, author = {Lovdahl, Josefin and Schulte, Jesko and I. Hallstedt, Sophie}, title = {A Literature Review of Approaches for Assessing Product Sustainability Performance in Early Phases of the Product Innovation Process}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Norddesign 2024 Conference}, year = {2024}, month = {1}, abstract = {This study presents a literature review of approaches for assessing product sustainability performance in early phases and identifies and analyses six main challenges and opportunities from a strategic sustainability perspective. Based on an analysis of semantics and etymology, the study describes differences between the terms assess, evaluate, and measure and how they should be used.}, doi = {10.35199/norddesign2024.78}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/47670/a_literature_review_of_approaches_for_assessing_product_sustainability_performance_in_early_phases_of_the_product_innovation_process}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {105003906897} } @article{dokter2024mapping, author = {Dokter, Giliam and Cohen, Jonathan Edgardo and Hagejärd, Sofie and Rexfelt, Oskar and Thuvander, Liane}, title = {Mapping the practice of circular design: a survey study with industrial designers and architects in the Netherlands and Sweden}, journal = {Journal of Design Research}, year = {2024}, month = {1}, volume = {21}, pages = {177-209}, abstract = {Design practitioners are central actors in the circular economy, but knowledge is lacking regarding current trends, challenges, and knowledge needs related to circular design. This study surveyed 114 design practitioners in the Netherlands and Sweden, focusing on architects and industrial designers. The findings reveal that 63\% had experience with circular economy in design projects, and 66\% reported organisational adaptations. Projects focused on circular economy more frequently employed strategies like design for disassembly and circular business models. Differences between architects and industrial designers primarily regarded the focus on material reuse and disassembly. Practitioners actively develop tools and engage in new networks and collaborations to support circular design. Yet challenges remain, particularly on a business-level, related to material knowledge and economic and environmental assessment. The study concludes that major challenges associated with circular design appear mostly beyond the direct influence of designers and require further coordinated efforts between governments, design practice, industry, and research.}, doi = {10.1504/jdr.2024.143685}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85214506458} } @inproceedings{pradasgomez2024evaluation, author = {Pradas Gómez, Alejandro and Panarotto, Massimo and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Evaluation of Different Large Language Model Agent Frameworks for Design Engineering Tasks}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Norddesign 2024 Conference}, year = {2024}, month = {1}, abstract = {This paper evaluates Large Language Models (LLMs) ability to support engineering tasks. Reasoning frameworks such as agents and multi-agents are described and compared. The frameworks are implemented with the LangChain python package for an engineering task. The results show that a supportive reasoning framework can increase the quality of responses compared to a standalone LLM. Their applicability to other engineering tasks is discussed. Finally, a perspective of task ownership is presented between the designer, the traditional software, and the Generative AI.}, doi = {10.35199/norddesign2024.74}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/546256/file/546256_Fulltext.pdf}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Design automation}, scopusid = {105003909591} } @inproceedings{arjomandirad2024datasets, author = {Arjomandi Rad, Mohammad and Hajali, Tina and Martinsson Bonde, Julian and Panarotto, Massimo and Wärmefjord, Kristina and Malmqvist, Johan and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Datasets in design research: needs and challenges and the role of AI and GPT in filling the gaps}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2024}, month = {1}, volume = {4}, pages = {1919-1928}, abstract = {Despite the recognized importance of datasets in data-driven design approaches, their extensive study remains limited. We review the current landscape of design datasets and highlight the ongoing need for larger and more comprehensive datasets. Three categories of challenges in dataset development are identified. Analyses show critical dataset gaps in design process where future studies can be directed. Synthetic and end-to-end datasets are suggested as two less explored avenues. The recent application of Generative Pretrained Transformers (GPT) shows their potential in addressing these needs.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2024.194}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Design automation}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85194058585} } @inproceedings{arjomandirad2024functional, author = {Arjomandi Rad, Mohammad and Panarotto, Massimo and Malmqvist, Johan and Martinsson Bonde, Julian and Warmefjord, Kristina and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Towards Using Functional Decomposition and Ensembles of Surrogate Models for Technology Selection in System Level Design}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Norddesign 2024 Conference}, year = {2024}, month = {1}, abstract = {Technology selection in complex system design is challenged by extended design evaluations and complicated design cycles. Utilizing function-mean modeling and the ensemble of surrogate model techniques, the paper reveals how low-level input parameters in the design can be instrumental in predicting higher-level performance outcomes. A case study from the space industry is used to show surrogates trained on system level and component levels in a flow management system are generalizable. Exploring the methods for aggregating surrogates demonstrates how such an ensemble can be built.}, doi = {10.35199/norddesign2024.45}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Design automation}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105003910484} } @inproceedings{leonard2024design, author = {Leonard, Pauline L. Y. and Hallstedt, Sophie I. and Nylander, Johanna W. and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Design Aspects of Importance in a Sustainability Transition}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Norddesign 2024 Conference}, year = {2024}, month = {1}, abstract = {In this paper, sustainable product design in the aerospace industry is explored. Through a pilot interview study with three aerospace companies, four sustainability aspects, tightly connected to business value, were identified widely prioritized in early phases. Other aspects were currently considered with less importance, but due to external constraints and business opportunities this prioritization can rapidly shift. Prioritized aspects in early phases control a solution's sustainability profile, determine the pace towards sustainability transition, and can provide a competitive advantage.}, doi = {10.35199/norddesign2024.12}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105003908008} } @inproceedings{hajali2024sustainability, author = {Hajali, Tina and I. Hallstedt, Sophie and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Sustainability Implications of Using Additive Manufacturing for Production Tool Design}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Norddesign 2024 Conference}, year = {2024}, month = {1}, abstract = {As the application of Additive manufacturing (AM) is moving from prototyping to final product manufacturing, exploring its sustainability implications is crucial. This paper explores the sustainability impacts of AM on production tool manufacturing and the role of digitalisation in enabling sustainable tool production. It emphasizes the necessity of a design tool that helps designers adopt a holistic sustainability approach (including environmental, social and economic aspects), while also being comprehensive and user-friendly to ensure practical applications.}, doi = {10.35199/norddesign2024.41}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/47633/sustainability_implications_of_using_additive_manufacturing_for_production_tool_design}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {105003904012} } @article{brahma2024margins, author = {Brahma, Arindam and Ferguson, Scott and Eckert, Claudia and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Margins in design–review of related concepts and methods}, journal = {Journal of Engineering Design}, year = {2024}, month = {1}, volume = {35}, pages = {1193-1226}, abstract = {Margins are defined as the difference between a design parameter’s minimum required value to ensure functionality, and its actual capability. Margins allow engineers to mitigate uncertainties of various kinds. While some margins are intentionally allocated, some others may get included inadvertently in designs or arise from changes to requirements. Although common in use, the concept of margins has not been formalised systematically. This paper offers the first systematic literature review of margins. Concepts related to margins can be found in various interrelated domains with similar underlying principles. However, these concepts have developed in isolation, leading to a divergent and fragmented understanding. This paper brings these strands together by differentiating between margins which may be deliberately added or discovered during a typical product lifecycle and relates this to various domains such as safety, manufacturing etc. The paper discusses approaches to model, size and allocate margins. The thematic analysis presents insights into the importance of systematic use and management of margins and also raises currently observable gaps in the literature.}, doi = {10.1080/09544828.2023.2225842}, pubtype = {Journal article}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85162219748} } @inproceedings{persson2024systems, author = {Persson, Per and Schönbeck, Pia and Bergseth, Ellen and Bergsjö, Dag Henrik}, title = {Systems Engineering in complex rail projects - a state-of-the-art scoping review}, booktitle = {Isse 2024 10th IEEE International Symposium on Systems Engineering Proceedings}, year = {2024}, month = {1}, abstract = {As rail projects become increasingly complex, a Systems Engineering approach—widely used in various technical disciplines—can be effectively applied. This scoping review evaluates the application and current state of the art for Systems Engineering (SE) in complex rail projects and focuses on Technical Management and Technical Processes as per ISO 15288 standards. The review highlights the rationale and challenges of SE in managing the processes in ISO 15288 within rail infrastructure. Findings reveal a lack of consensus on SE practices and terminology, emphasizing the need for standardized approaches. Further research is needed to align research and industry practices with ISO standards for improved implementation.}, doi = {10.1109/isse63315.2024.10741130}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/548137/file/548137_Fulltext.pdf}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, scopusid = {85211950161} } @inproceedings{bonde2024impact, author = {Bonde, Julian Martinsson and Breimann, Richard and Malmqvist, Johan and Kirchner, Eckhard and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {The impact of specialized software on concept generation}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2024}, month = {1}, volume = {4}, pages = {663-672}, abstract = {Software implementations of traditional engineering design methods can potentially enrich the original methods. A study was conducted to better understand how concept generation can be facilitated using software. Participants of the study were asked to generate concepts using either specialized software, or by using traditional means, for applying function-means modeling and morphological matrices. A concept concretization metric was used to evaluate the results, which indicated that there are both positive and negative aspects of performing concept generation using specialized software.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2024.69}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85194034485} } @inproceedings{pradasgomez2024large, author = {Pradas Gómez, Alejandro and Krus, Petter and Panarotto, Massimo and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Large language models in complex system design}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2024}, month = {1}, volume = {4}, pages = {2197-2206}, abstract = {This paper investigates the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in engineering complex systems, demonstrating how they can support designers on detail design phases. Two aerospace cases, a system architecture definition and a CAD model generation activities are studied. The research reveals LLMs' challenges and opportunities to support designers, and future research areas to further improve their application in engineering tasks. It emphasizes the new paradigm of LLMs support compared to traditional Machine Learning techniques, as they can successfully perform tasks with just a few examples.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2024.222}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Design automation}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85194047808} } @inproceedings{chiareiio2024encore, author = {ChiareIIo, FiIippo and Panarotto, Massimo and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {THE ENCORE PROJECT: SUPPORTING EDUCATIONAL DESIGN WlTH NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Cdio Conference}, year = {2024}, month = {1}, pages = {597-606}, url = {https://cdio.org/sites/default/files/documents/610_CDIO%202024%20Proceedings.pdf}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {86000270637} } @inproceedings{strom2024new, author = {Ström, Mikael and Gustafsson, Göran and Hans, Johannesson}, title = {New combination of methods for supporting a simplified set-based design approach}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2024}, month = {1}, volume = {4}, pages = {135-144}, abstract = {This work presents a Set-Based Design inspired approach for generation, evaluation and reduction of a solution space of alternative product concepts. Also, the aspect of how to implement the process in an industrial environment was investigated. The hypothesis, confirmed by case studies, is that it can be done using existing methods like Enhanced functional modelling, brainwriting, the Gallery method, Axiomatic Design, causal diagrams and Pugh matrices. The method can be successfully introduced in a timeframe of a few working days and support development engineers in the concept design phase.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2024.16}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85194031762} } @inproceedings{braun2024mastering, author = {Braun, G. and Bokinge, M. and Rosén, B.-G. and Syberfeldt, A. and Stahre, J.}, title = {Mastering Industry’s Skill Gap - Matching Employee Needs with New Learning Challenges}, booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management}, year = {2024}, month = {1}, pages = {668-672}, abstract = {One of the main challenges employers face today is the growing skill gap, resulting from a mismatch between business transformation and the skills needed by employees. Since the demographics show a declining trend in Europe, China, and the US, recruiting new skilled talent will become an even bigger challenge in the future. The growing skill gap has reached a point where almost half of employees’ skills will change in the next years. For the individual employee, this implies a need to take on an upskilling journey to still deliver value to their company and society. However, there is a need to understand the individual’s skill gap and identify suitable actions to bridge it. This paper presents the implementation of a tool for guiding employees in finding their skill gaps and matching them to relevant training and learning modules. This includes implementing a skill-matching solution in a nationwide Swedish upskilling programme, highlighting the challenges of creating efficient individualized skill gap assessment, and recommending learning paths.}, doi = {10.1109/ieem62345.2024.10857011}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {85218011724} } @article{martinssonbonde2023similarity, author = {Martinsson Bonde, Julian and Kokkolaras, Michael and Andersson, Petter and Panarotto, Massimo and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {A similarity-assisted multi-fidelity approach to conceptual design space exploration}, journal = {Computers in Industry}, year = {2023}, month = {10}, volume = {151}, abstract = {In conceptual design studies engineers typically utilize data-based surrogate models to enable rapid evaluation of design objectives that otherwise would be too computationally expensive and time-consuming to simulate. Due to the computationally expensive simulations, the data-based surrogate models are often trained using small sample sizes, resulting in low-fidelity models which can produce results that are not trustworthy. To mitigate this issue, a similarity-assisted design space exploration method is proposed. The similarity is measured between design points that have been evaluated through lower-fidelity data-based surrogate models and design points that have been evaluated using higher-fidelity physics-based simulations. This similarity information can then be used by design engineers to better understand the trustworthiness of the data produced by the low-fidelity surrogate models. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that such a similarity measurement can be used as an indicator of the trustworthiness of the lower-fidelity model predictions. Moreover, a second similarity metric is proposed for measuring the similarity of new designs to legacy designs, thus highlighting the potential to reuse knowledge, analysis models, and data. The proposed method is demonstrated by means of an aero-engine structural component conceptual design study. An open-source software tool developed to assist in data visualization is also presented.}, doi = {10.1016/j.compind.2023.103957}, pubtype = {Journal article}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85161260249} } @article{villamil2023implementing, author = {Villamil, Carolina and Schulte, Jesko and Hallstedt, Sophie}, title = {Implementing sustainability in product portfolio development through digitalization and a game-based approach}, journal = {Sustainable Production and Consumption}, year = {2023}, month = {9}, volume = {40}, pages = {277-296}, abstract = {The aim of this research is to explore if and how digitalization and a game-based approach can improve the usability and implementation of sustainable design methods and tools in a product development process. Based on semi-systematic literature review, advantages and limitations of digitalization and game-based approaches in this context were identified. A previously developed method that guides the implementation of a strategic sustainability perspective in product portfolio development, was then selected and elements of digitalization and game-based approaches were incorporated in its four building blocks: double-flow scenario modeling, sustainability assessment, market success assessment, and portfolio development. The resulting prototype of this method was further adapted after feedback gathered through expert interviews and then tested in workshops with industry and academia. It was found that digitalization was especially useful for the scenario simulation, data management, and automatic visualization of results, while the benefits of the game-based approach were enhanced motivation, collaboration, and co-design of results and solutions. At the same time, drawbacks were discovered, for example related to decreased transparency of how results are calculated, overuse of visualization and extrinsic rewards, leading to lack of clarity and trust in the results. In conclusion, there are synergies between digitalization and game-based approaches that can improve the usability of sustainable design methods and tools, but extensive testing is recommended to avoid pitfalls that can lead to opposite effects. Moreover, recommendations were identified for how to include digitalization and a game-based approach, for example, to enable integration with other tools, maintenance and constant update, to explore the benefits of team-based assessments and collaboration, to add diversity and customization, and to link the game to the user's context, application, expectations and requirements.}, doi = {10.1016/j.spc.2023.07.002}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85164293141} } @article{ihallstedt2023sustainable, author = {I. Hallstedt, Sophie and Isaksson, Ola and Nylander, Johanna W. and Andersson, Petter and Knuts, Sören}, title = {Sustainable product development in aeroengine manufacturing: challenges, opportunities and experiences from GKN Aerospace Engine System}, journal = {Design Science}, year = {2023}, month = {8}, volume = {9}, abstract = {A radical shift in technology is necessary to enable future air transport solutions. Sustainability targets for aeroengine manufacturing mean more than reducing CO 2 and NO X . The future will open up possibilities and bring new challenges when introducing hybrid- and electrical propulsion technologies using new materials, technology solutions and new business models. This article reports on findings from a longitudinal study and many years of collaboration between researchers and industry experts, where a first-tier aeroengine manufacturer transforms their product development capabilities to enable sustainable product development. The article highlights some activities undertaken and identifies critical challenges and opportunities remaining for a manufacturer of next-generation aeroengine solutions. It is argued that the challenge for aeroengine manufacturers to develop new-generation propulsive technologies will require a systemic change in the undertaking of design and development. The opportunities of sustainable technologies are evident yet require: (1) means to tighter integrate business and technology development, (2) the ability to quantify and assess sustainability impacts of different concept solutions, and (3) means to utilise natural resources, alloys and materials for a circular and life-cycle optimised solution.}, doi = {10.1017/dsj.2023.22}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85169293356} } @inproceedings{ito2023collaborative, author = {Ito, Adriana and Li, Dan and Hagström, Malin Hane and Bokrantz, Jon and Skoogh, Anders and Bärring, Maja and Stahre, Johan}, title = {A Collaborative Digital Platform for Root Cause Analysis in a Value Chain}, booktitle = {Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering}, year = {2023}, month = {7}, volume = {35}, pages = {299-307}, abstract = {Collaboration among actors is necessary to create and develop resilience in value chains. However, collaboration tends to be quite restricted when companies are dealing with disturbances and looking for their root causes. With the objective of increasing collaboration among companies in the same value chain in the process of root cause analysis, this article proposes a high-level design of a digital platform. To develop the high-level design, a design science research approach was taken, with the participation of ten different companies. The proposed design is based on identified problems and requirements regarding root cause analysis in the value chain. This study contributes both practically and theoretically. Practically, the proposed high-level design can be used as a direct input for the actual development of a collaborative digital platform. Theoretically, in this study, problems and requirements regarding root cause analysis at the level of the supply chain are identified, adding to existing knowledge in the field.}, doi = {10.3233/atde230056}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85173442158} } @article{dokter2023role, author = {Dokter, Giliam and Boks, Casper and Rahe, Ulrike and Wouterszoon Jansen, Bas and Hagejärd, Sofie and Thuvander, Liane}, title = {The role of prototyping and co-creation in circular economy-oriented innovation: A longitudinal case study in the kitchen industry}, journal = {Sustainable Production and Consumption}, year = {2023}, month = {7}, volume = {39}, pages = {230-243}, abstract = {To bridge the gap between the conceptualisation and implementation of circular value propositions, recent research efforts have focused on linking design-driven approaches with circular-oriented innovation. Such approaches can facilitate iterative processes that emphasise co-creation, prototyping, and real-life experimentation, ultimately promoting practical implementation. Still, there is a lack of understanding how companies go through the process of circular-oriented innovation, and how prototyping and co-creation support this process. This article presents a longitudinal case study of a four-year research project in which two academic teams, from Sweden and the Netherlands, collaborated with industrial partners to explore the potential of circular economy principles within the kitchen industry and develop a market-ready circular kitchen. The results indicate that prototyping plays a supportive role in the circular-oriented innovation process by making the concept of a circular economy tangible for stakeholders, facilitating knowledge exchange, and supporting overall developments towards collaborative circular supply chains. However, prototyping too early in the process linked to project deliverables carries a risk for ‘prototype fixation’, fragmented solutions, and missed opportunities for shared value creation. Co-creation was found particularly impactful during the early stages of circular-oriented innovation where it helped guide the project, enabled shared learning, built confidence and commitment amongst stakeholders, and supported the development of solutions tailored to demands of parties involved. The case study provides deeper insights on the role of prototyping and co-creation through diverse stages of the circular-oriented innovation process and extracts several lessons that might aid researchers and practitioners to navigate future circular-oriented innovation endeavours.}, doi = {10.1016/j.spc.2023.05.012}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85159554971} } @phdthesis{dokter2023circular, author = {Dokter, Giliam}, title = {Circular design through co-creation: Exploring perspectives and future directions for design in a circular economy}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In the efforts to stimulate sustainable development, the circular economy aims to establish ‘closed-loop’ flows of resources in a way that enables businesses and society to reap benefits from maintaining products, components and materials at their highest utility and value, while simultaneously reducing the generation of waste. Designing for a circular economy will require designers to, more than ever, anticipate how artifacts function and change over time and conceptualise the entire lifecycle (including the design, production, use and end-of-life phase) in a coherent and holistic way. This implies that design efforts, to an increasing extent, will have to address the interaction and collaboration between companies and other stakeholders that need to work together to enable the extended utilisation and recirculation of resources. To date, there have been few studies examining the implications of the circular economy for the practice of design.Therefore, the thesis investigates the implications of the circular economy concept for designers and design practice, and further examines the role of stakeholder collaboration and co-creation in supporting design for a circular economy. The findings indicate that the circular economy is a multi-faceted challenge that expands the scope of design projects, drives the integration of new knowledge areas in the design process, affects the role of designers and agencies in practice, and demands further interdisciplinary collaboration and co-creation. A challenge for designers in the context of circular design is to purposefully plan when, how, and to what extent stakeholders are involved in the design process. In this regard, co-creation approaches are found to be important to enable joint learning about circularity, identify opportunities for shared value creation in the context of the circular economy, and promote collaboration throughout supply chains and industries. Generative toolkits such as the card-based design tool ‘Cards for Circularity’ presented in this thesis can help to stage discussions on circular strategies, align perspectives in a multi-disciplinary and multi-stakeholder context to foster better collaborative practices, and support a holistic view on circular-oriented innovation by distinguishing the relevant parameters in circular systems.To conclude, the findings of this thesis contribute to a better understanding of how the concept of a circular economy is implemented across design practice and identifies pathways to further advance circular design. The thesis is relevant for design practitioners, researchers, and curricula for the growth of circular design theory and the development of appropriate design methods, tools, and guidelines.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/538160}, isbn = {978-91-7905-957-6}, type = {Doctoral thesis}, pubtype = {Doctoral thesis}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{martinssonbonde2023novel, author = {Martinsson Bonde, Julian}, title = {Novel, yet similar: A similarity-assisted product family design approach for structural aero-engine components}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The aviation industry is in a state of transformation. The climate crisis has amplified the need to innovate, and consequently manufacturers in the aviation industry need to investigate new and more sustainable design concepts. This is challenging, because there is no obvious replacement for kerosene-fueled aero-engines, though there are multiple technologies in development that may potentially take its place. Examples of such technologies include electric or hybrid-electric propulsion, or combustion engines fueled by hydrogen or synthetic sustainable aviation fuels. This increases the challenge for manufacturers, who must deal with high technological uncertainty. At the same time, manufacturers need to assert that the cost of realization is feasible for new aero-engine component designs, while also fulfilling the requirements for safety and performance. There is therefore a need for methods and tools that will assist designers in making fast and efficient design evaluations, to enable the exploration of large design spaces at reduced costs and lead-times.To make design space exploration more efficient, a similarity-assisted design space exploration method is proposed. This method provides increased trustworthiness in design space exploration results, while also highlighting opportunities for reuse of knowledge and other assets from legacy designs. Additionally, a software tool for automatically generating aero-engine structural components has been developed. This software enriches all generated geometries with information used to facilitate automated manufacturability analysis, as well as evaluation of structural performance. By utilizing the automated geometry generation tool in conjunction with the proposed design space exploration method, designers can quickly and efficiently evaluate the manufacturability and structural performance of novel concepts.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/534667}, type = {Licentiate thesis}, pubtype = {Licentiate thesis}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true} } @article{hallstedt2023sustainability, author = {Hallstedt, Sophie Isaksson and Villamil, Carolina and Lövdahl, Josefin and Nylander, Johanna Wallin}, title = {Sustainability Fingerprint - guiding companies in anticipating the sustainability direction in early design}, journal = {Sustainable Production and Consumption}, year = {2023}, month = {5}, volume = {37}, pages = {424-442}, abstract = {During the early phases of design of new products, information necessary to guide and assess sustainability is typically incomplete. Manufacturers risk discovering the unfavorable sustainability impact too late to redirect the development. The purpose of this study is to search and review methods to anticipate the sustainability performance of new products in the early stages of the innovation process, and, together with a case company in the aeroengine manufacturing business, to develop and propose a systematic approach to anticipate sustainability performance. Following a literature review of 51 methods and research-based proposals, only five covered the social-, ecological-, and economic sustainability dimensions in the early phases of product development. Through an action research-based approach, a qualitative sustainability measurement tool, the Sustainability Fingerprint tool, was developed. This tool allows the development team in a company to systematically derive a sustainability performance from a set of criteria unique to the targeted product and/or product portfolio that is to be designed, from a set of scientifically well-established sustainability principles. The tool was applied in six different industry cases at the company, by the design teams and independent of any influence of the researchers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to learn about the usefulness, usability, and applicability of the tool. It was concluded that the Sustainability Fingerprint tool has no equivalent in the literature and was considered useful for the case company during early phase design for two main reasons. Firstly, the tool is tailor-made with defined company-specific sustainability criteria that represent the most important sustainability aspects to assess. Secondly, the support tool can be used also in later phases, thereby supporting a continued innovation process. It allows designers to anticipate a sustainability performance of the solution in: the development of sustainable innovations; comparison and down-selection of alternative solutions; sustainability assessments of the product portfolio to identify improvement measures; and sustainability assessment of current products to identify sustainability hotspots. Further research will include companies from other industrial sectors and will focus on adding digital support, improved practical instructions, and, integration to existing processes and established support tools in companies today.}, doi = {10.1016/j.spc.2023.03.015}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85150766490} } @article{hagejard2023it, author = {Hagejärd, Sofie and Dokter, Giliam and Rahe, Ulrike and Femenías, Paula}, title = {“It's never telling me that I'm good!” Household experiences of testing a smart home energy management system with a personal threshold on energy use in Sweden}, journal = {Energy Research and Social Science}, year = {2023}, month = {4}, volume = {98}, abstract = {Although smart technologies are widely promoted as enabling flexibility in households' energy demand, they often fail to achieve substantial impact. How smart technologies are actually used and to what extent they enable changes of energy-reliant practices in everyday life therefore needs to be better understood. This paper evaluates a smart home energy management system, Ero 2.0, which was tested by households in a multi-residential building in Sweden. To our knowledge, apart from its forerunner, Ero 2.0 is the first of its kind to include a personal threshold on energy use varying with the availability of preferred energy sources. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 participants, complemented by pre and post surveys, answered by 39 and 32 participants respectively. Overall, Ero 2.0 contributed to raised awareness regarding electricity and water use. To some extent, it also contributed to changes in practices, mainly through changed or reduced use of certain functions. However, it was less effective in enabling shifting practices in time. Difficulties to change practices were found to depend on: (1) lack of flexibility in everyday life, (2) limitations in size and layout of the dwelling, (3) lack of incentives and perceived impact, (4) lack of guidance and (5) lack of possibilities to control devices through the interface. The second point is an aspect that to date has received little attention in smart energy research. Design opportunities for future smart home energy management systems are discussed while acknowledging that such technologies cannot alone achieve the transition to more sustainable energy systems.}, doi = {10.1016/j.erss.2023.103004}, pubtype = {Journal article}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85148953831} } @article{panarotto2023cost, author = {Panarotto, Massimo and Isaksson, Ola and Vial, Vanessa}, title = {Cost-efficient digital twins for design space exploration: A modular platform approach}, journal = {Computers in Industry}, year = {2023}, month = {2}, volume = {145}, abstract = {The industrial need to predict the behaviour of radically new products brings renewed interest in how to set up and make use of physical prototypes and testing. However, conducting physical testing of a large number of radical concepts is still a costly approach. This paper proposes an approach to actively use digital twins in the early phases where the design can be largely changed. The approach is based on creating a set of digital twin modules that can be reused and recomposed to create digital twin variants. However, this paper considers that developing a digital twin can be very costly. Therefore, the approach focuses on supporting the decisions about the optimal mix of modules, and about whether a new digital twin module should be developed. The approach is applied to an industrial case derived from the collaboration with two space manufacturers. The results highlight how the design of the modular platform has an impact on the cost of the digital twin, if commonality and reusability aspects are considered. These results point at the cost-efficiency of applying a modular approach to digital twin creation, as a means to reuse the results from physical testing to validate new designs and their ranges of validity}, doi = {10.1016/j.compind.2022.103813}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85144072822} } @inproceedings{kuechenhof2023incorporating, author = {Kuechenhof, Jan and Berschik, Markus C. and Beibl, Julia and Alonso Fernández, Iñigo and Otto, Kevin and Krause, Dieter and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {INCORPORATING FIELD EFFECTS INTO THE DESIGN OF MODULAR PRODUCT FAMILIES}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2023}, month = {1}, volume = {3}, pages = {2275-2284}, abstract = {With advancing digitalization, new technologies with more and more digital components make it necessary to integrate new components into current and future products. Sensors and actuators, such as motors, emit electromagnetic and thermal fields that can greatly affect product performance. Recent work has considered fields at the functional level using functional structures and at the system level using DSM. In this paper, the effects of fields on product architecture are investigated at the component level. Using an appropriate visualization, the impact of fields on the product structure is considered. Architectural guidelines are then used to develop suitable product structures. The methodological approach is then applied to a product family of vacuum cleaner robots. The overlaid field information helps to gain deeper insights into the product architecture. The approach is useful for representing alternative structures. The new mapping of functional and structural relationships by moving module boundaries against fields can help promote architectural innovation.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2023.228}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85165450270} } @article{arjomandirad2023image, author = {Arjomandi Rad, Mohammad and Cenanovic, Mirza and Salomonsson, Kent}, title = {Image regression-based digital qualification for simulation-driven design processes, case study on curtain airbag}, journal = {Journal of Engineering Design}, year = {2023}, month = {1}, volume = {34}, pages = {1-22}, abstract = {Today digital qualification tools are part of many design processes that make them dependent on long and expensive simulations, leading to limited ability in exploring design alternatives. Conventional surrogate modelling techniques depend on the parametric models and come short in addressing radical design changes. Existing data-driven models lack the ability in dealing with the geometrical complexities. Thus, to address the resulting long development lead time problem in the product development processes and to enable parameter-independent surrogate modelling, this paper proposes a method to use images as input for design evaluation. Using a case study on the curtain airbag design process, a database consisting of 60,000 configurations has been created and labelled using a method based on dynamic relaxation instead of finite element methods. The database is made available online for research benchmark purposes. A convolutional neural network with multiple layers is employed to map the input images to the simulation output. It was concluded that the showcased data-driven method could reduce digital testing and qualification time significantly and contribute to real-time analysis in product development. Designers can utilise images of geometrical information to build real-time prediction models with acceptable accuracy in the early conceptual phases for design space exploration purposes.}, doi = {10.1080/09544828.2022.2164440}, pubtype = {Journal article}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85146985072} } @article{hagstrom2023quantifying, author = {Hagström, Malin Hane and Bergsjö, Dag and Sathyanarayana, Ashwin and Machado, Chrisler}, title = {Quantifying and visualising wastes and losses in automotive production flows (across multiple plants and organisations) for increased accuracy in improvement prioritisations}, journal = {International Journal of Product Development}, year = {2023}, month = {1}, volume = {27}, pages = {245-264}, abstract = {Many companies are making use of continuous improvement in order to stay competitive. In businesses, the focus of continuous improvement efforts has often been on optimising the manufacturing processes within the company's own factory or scope of control. Therefore, they have not considered the impacts on and from other areas, because they have failed to see the entire system or manufacturing network of the enterprise. This paper is by using end end-to-end cost deployment identifying the major types of problems in an end-to-end production process within a large manufacturing firm to be able to guide the company how to direct their improvement efforts. The study is designed as a retrospective longitudinal case study using field data which was intended to be a representative flow within the heavy automotive industry. The study shows that, after normalisation, manual operating waste, planned maintenance and machine breakdowns are significant cost factors for the process studied, regardless of the size of the organisation or the complexity of the product.}, doi = {10.1504/ijpd.2023.133062}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {85171623049} } @article{brahma2023concepts, author = {Brahma, Arindam and Wynn, David C.}, title = {Concepts of change propagation analysis in engineering design}, journal = {Research in Engineering Design}, year = {2023}, month = {1}, volume = {34}, pages = {117-151}, abstract = {Interest in change propagation analysis for engineering design has increased rapidly since the topic gained prominence in the late 1990s. Although there are now many approaches and models, there is a smaller number of underlying key concepts. This article contributes a literature review and organising framework that summarises and relates these key concepts. Approaches that have been taken to address each key concept are collected and discussed. A visual analysis of the literature is presented to uncover some trends and gaps. The article thereby provides a thematic analysis of state-of-the-art in design change propagation analysis, and highlights opportunities for further work.}, doi = {10.1007/s00163-022-00395-y}, pubtype = {Journal article}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85137205375} } @inproceedings{zambrzycka2023facilitating, author = {Zambrzycka, Klaudia and Almeida, Fabio Dias and Pradas Gómez, Alejandro}, title = {Facilitating Quick Change Introduction in Aerospace Products with DSM-Based Risk Change Analysis and Clustering Technique}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 25th International Dsm Conference Dsm 2023}, year = {2023}, month = {1}, pages = {97-105}, abstract = {This paper shows how a Design Structure Matrix can support the re-design process of an aircraft cabin interior component - stowage. It presents an approach to identifying challenges of design change introduction in aircraft products and demonstrates how a modular product design can address them. First, the stowage is modeled with a DSM and a risk analysis is performed on the baseline design. Specific stages of the Change Prediction Method (Clarkson et al., 2004) are used to evaluate interfaces between product components in different design domains. Furthermore, DSM serves as an input for clustering operations, which are a foundation for modular stowage design. As a result, a modular product architecture is created including new re-designed interfaces. The results show that the modular design approach can reduce the risk of change while increasing product customization and the number of configuration alternatives.}, doi = {10.35199/dsm2023.11}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85185885062} } @inproceedings{panarotto2023working, author = {Panarotto, Massimo and Isaksson, Ola and Söderberg, Rikard}, title = {WORKING AGILE TO SPEED UP RESEARCH WITH INDUSTRY: FIVE INDEPENDENCE PRINCIPLES}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2023}, month = {1}, volume = {3}, pages = {3919-3928}, abstract = {One of the obstacles to the ability of research to make an impact on industry resides on the research process itself. Today, there is a need to accelerate the means for research to support industrial transformation. At the same time, there is the need to maintain scientific rigorousness, which often requires time. To solve this trade-off, this paper evaluates existing research approaches through the lenses of agile development. The analysis is based on a simulation of research process architectures, and on observations made over several research projects with industry. The results of this analysis highlight five light-but-sufficient rules of research project behavior to keep momentum, motivation and trust when doing research with industry. The paper demonstrates the use of these five rules in a “research sprint” conducted iwith two automotive OEMs.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2023.393}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85165435349} } @inproceedings{panarotto2023text, author = {Panarotto, Massimo and Giordano, Vito and Chiarello, Filippo and Brahma, Arindam and Alonso Fernández, Inigo and Fantoni, Gualtiero}, title = {TEXT MINING OF RESILIENT OBJECTS ABSORBING CHANGE AND UNCERTAINTY}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2023}, month = {1}, volume = {3}, pages = {3325-3334}, abstract = {The current ways of coping with uncertainty such as changes during product design or use have been through methods such as easy restructuring (e.g., modularity with buffer in interface definition), by overdesign and so on. The present investments on maintaining products in the economy for “as long as possible” is challenging these strategies from a cost and environmental perspective. Moreover, these strategies often lead to highly overdesigned products. An alternative strategy is to introduce features in a design, called “resilient objects”, which are able to absorb such uncertainties without wasteful overdesign of other parts. By applying a ‘text-mining’ approach on patents, this paper has identified 5,552 candidates for such resilient objects that can be recombined and inserted in regions of the product that are likely to be most affected by current and future uncertainties. The application of resilient objects is demonstrated on a case study (a cooling system for battery electric vehicles). The case study highlights the ability of these objects to 1) significantly increase protection against uncertainties without the need for restructuring, 2 ) reduce the risk for overdesign and 3) dampen effects of change propagation.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2023.333}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85165462727} } @inproceedings{mallalieu2023derive, author = {Mallalieu, Adam and Martinsson Bonde, Julian and Watz, Matilda and Wallin Nylander, Johanna and Hallstedt, Sophie I. and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {DERIVE AND INTEGRATE SUSTAINABILITY CRITERIA IN DESIGN SPACE EXPLORATION OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURED COMPONENTS}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2023}, month = {1}, volume = {3}, pages = {1197-1206}, abstract = {Additive manufacturing has the potential to decrease the climate impact of aviation by providing more light-weight designs. Sustainability is however required to be assessed from a systemic view, including all lifecycle phases, and from a social, ecologic, and economic dimension. This is however challenging in early phase design, where also a large design space need to be explored. A case study is carried out with an aerospace company where two candidate engineering design tools are combined to address this. The integration of these two engineering tools are applied on a Turbine Rear Structure, and shows promising results in enabling a systemic view of sustainability to be integrated and assessed in early phase design space explorations of additive manufactured components. It is recommended that the integration between the two tools is further established and validated.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2023.120}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85165430665} } @article{siiskonen2023modelling, author = {Siiskonen, Maria and Govender, Rydvikha and Malmqvist, Johan and Folestad, Staffan}, title = {Modelling the cost-benefit impact of integrated product modularisation and postponement in the supply chain for pharmaceutical mass customisation}, journal = {Journal of Engineering Design}, year = {2023}, month = {1}, volume = {34}, pages = {865-896}, abstract = {Realisation of pharmaceutical product and production systems capable of delivering product customisation cost-effectively is essential for adding value to patients and society through improved tailoring of therapies to individuals relative to current mass-produced products. To address the continued lack of evidence-based system solutions, this study presents a holistic design framework and a novel computational platform for enabling design explorations of integrated pharmaceutical product and supply chain (SC) reconfiguration. The design and modelling framework developed herein takes an end-to-end SC perspective, adapts the mass customisation strategies of product modularisation and postponement, and demonstrates case study simulations based on real-life therapy and SC archetypes. The cost-effectiveness assessment with the derived integrated systems computational platform confirm that product modularisation drives patient benefit through variety provision and that postponement drives cost reduction in an end-to-end SC. A novel insight is therefore that both product modularisation and postponement, in an integrated manner, are required for maximising cost-effective customisation. Moreover, the computational simulations, founded and modelled on real-life scenarios, provide design requirements for reconfigurable product and SC systems in a pharmaceutical context. In all, these findings are imperative for providing guidance on integrated pharmaceutical product and production systems design and mass customisation/ mass personalisation/mass individualisation realisation.}, doi = {10.1080/09544828.2023.2266330}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85174579650} } @article{strom2023set, author = {Ström, Mikael and Wolff, Krister and Jean, Jeremy and Gustafsson, Göran and Isaksson, Ola and Johannesson, Hans}, title = {A set-based-inspired design process supported by axiomatic design and interactive evolutionary algorithms}, journal = {International Journal of Product Development}, year = {2023}, month = {1}, volume = {27}, pages = {186-212}, abstract = {This paper presents an approach towards a set-based design-inspired concept development process for products with a solution space consisting principally of different solution alternatives and parameterised variants of these. The hypothesis is that such a concept development process can be based on traditional synthesis methods, an SBD-inspired elimination strategy, axiomatic design and interactive Evolutionary Algorithms (IEAs) for the synthesis of solution candidates and the successive reduction of the solution space. Axiomatic design and its axioms are used to evaluate and eliminate unfeasible alternatives, whereas IEAs, combined with human judgement, are employed for the evaluation and elimination of variants. Stated criteria specifying a design problem can be of different kinds with different ontologies described by different authors. This study focuses on functional, constraining and qualitative criteria. Results from performed industrial case studies show that the proposed method can reduce the lead time in design work.}, doi = {10.1504/ijpd.2023.133054}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {85171623022} } @inproceedings{lovdahl2023implications, author = {Lövdahl, Josefin and Hallstedt, Sophie I. and Schulte, Jesko}, title = {IMPLICATIONS OF EU INSTRUMENTS ON COMPANY CAPABILITIES TO DESIGN MORE SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS-PRODUCT ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTPRINT AND DIGITAL PRODUCT PASSPORT}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2023}, month = {1}, volume = {3}, pages = {2245-2254}, abstract = {In the EU, initiatives with concrete instruments for measuring and storing sustainability-related product data are now introduced in legislation. Based on literature review and semi-structured interviews, this study investigates two EU instruments, the Product Environmental Footprint method and Digital Product Passports, and their potential implications for company capabilities to design and select more sustainable solutions in a strategic way. The results show that these instruments can lead to increased transparency and traceability in the design and comparison of solutions, allowing for more effective collaboration across the value chain. By applying a strategic sustainability perspective, it was found that these EU instruments have major limitations as they lack a systems perspective, do not include a full socio-ecological sustainability perspective, and do not support strategic decision-making. This results in risks for suboptimization and the design of solutions that turn out to be costly dead-ends on the way towards a sustainable society. Research is therefore recommended to investigate how these instruments can facilitate a strategic development of sustainable solutions.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2023.225}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85165501398} } @inproceedings{lawand2023industrialization, author = {Lawand, Lydia and Hajali, Tina and Al Handawi, Khalil and Brahma, Arindam}, title = {Industrialization of Additive Manufacturing: Assessing the Impact of Excess Margins on Manufacturing Costs}, booktitle = {Smart Innovation Systems and Technologies}, year = {2023}, month = {1}, volume = {346}, pages = {257-269}, abstract = {The rapid industrialization of additive manufacturing (AM) has revealed significant challenges in terms of its position in the value chain. Since the technology has attained reasonable maturity, companies are now focusing on its economic viability to identify areas where AM can justifiably replace conventional manufacturing. Such decision supports can be provided by quantitative cost models which can highlight potential cost savings and increase in manufacturability. Most existing cost models do not consider the possible design advantage of AM, which may help companies save costs. One way is to systematically identify excess margins and quantify them in terms of their cost and manufacturability impact. In this paper, we use the concept of margins and their undesirable effect on performance as a proxy for quantifying the cost of overdesign. This can be used to justify the choice of the manufacturing method in a commercial setting. A simplified industrial example of an aeroengine component is used to demonstrate the approach. The example compares the impact of margins on manufacturability when using additive manufacturing as opposed to a conventional manufacturing (CM) methods such as casting.}, doi = {10.1007/978-981-99-0428-0_22}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {85205369896} } @inproceedings{baserehtaramsari2023assessing, author = {Basereh Taramsari, Hossein and McFarren, John and Watz, Matilda and Hallstedt, Sophie I. and Hoffenson, Steven}, title = {ASSESSING SYSTEMIC DRIVERS AND BARRIERS TO SUSTAINABLE DESIGN TRANSITIONS: RELATIONSHIP STRENGTHS AND RESEARCH GAPS}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2023}, month = {1}, volume = {3}, pages = {677-686}, abstract = {The sustainable design transition has proven to be a challenging process, in part due to the diverse set of stakeholders, which includes the general public, policymakers, scientific researchers, and businesses. In prior work, the interconnected relationships among systematic drivers and barriers for sustainable design were identified and mapped using a causal loop diagram at a relatively abstract level. To further understand and characterize this complex system, this research aims to identify the relationship strength levels among the variables in the system, as indicated by previous research identified in the literature. In addition, the knowledge maturity levels of these identified relationships are specified to illustrate strengths and gaps in the literature. The findings are used to create a refined system representation that illustrates the power dynamics between systemic driving forces to sustainable design transitions. The results of this work reveal valuable insights about the linkages among the driving forces of sustainable design transitions that can be used as a foundation for further investigation, such as experiments and data analytics that can better quantify these relationships.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2023.68}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85165459541} } @inproceedings{brahma2023function, author = {Brahma, Arindam and Panarotto, Massimo and Kipouros, Timoleon and Isaksson, Ola and Andersson, Petter and Clarkson, P. John}, title = {FUNCTION DRIVEN ASSESSMENT OF MANUFACTURING RISKS IN CONCEPT GENERATION STAGES}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2023}, month = {1}, volume = {3}, pages = {1995-2004}, abstract = {Decisions made in the concept generation phase have a significant effect on the product. While product- related risks typically can be considered in the early stages of design, risks such as supply chain and manufacturing methods are rarely easy to account for in early phases. This is because the currently available methods require mature data, which may not be available during concept generation. In this paper, we propose an approach to address this. First, the product and the non-product (manufacturing and/or supply chain) attributes are modelled using the enhanced function means (EF-M) modelling method. The EF-M method provides the opportunity to model alternative solutions-set for functions. Dependencies are then mapped within the product and the manufacturing models, and also in between them. An automatic combinatorial method of concept generation is employed where each generated instance is a design concept-manufacturing method pair. A risk propagation algorithm is then used to assess the risks of all the generated alternatives.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2023.200}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85165514269} } @inproceedings{panarotto2023problem, author = {Panarotto, Massimo and Brahma, Arindam and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Problem decomposition: the key to Agile sprints in Design Research}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 25th International Dsm Conference Dsm 2023}, year = {2023}, month = {1}, pages = {141-150}, abstract = {In design research, parallelization and anticipation of tasks are crucial to having an effective impact on industry and society. In practice, however, parallelization and anticipation are difficult due to high inter-dependency among research problems and design supports. This paper proposes a framework to use the Design Structure Matrix combined with Axiomatic Design to isolate research problems and their design supports. This modular independence is an important building block to plan for quick and parallel agile design research “sprints”. The application of the approach is illustrated through two practical examples. The results highlight the importance to control a limited number of interfaces to work “agile” in design research without wasteful rework.}, doi = {10.35199/dsm2023.16}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85185879376} } @inproceedings{hanehagstrom2023barriers, author = {Hane Hagström, Malin and Bergsjö, Dag and Wahrén, Henrik}, title = {BARRIERS FROM A SOCIO-TECHNICAL PERSPECTIVE TO IMPLEMENT DIGITALISATION IN INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PROCESSES - A LITERATURE REVIEW}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2023}, month = {1}, volume = {3}, pages = {737-745}, abstract = {With the paradigm shift towards Industry 4.0 and digitalisation, manufacturing engineers face several unexplored challenges; in the products for which they are designing production, in the equipment they are designing to realise production systems and in the digitalisation impact on engineering processes. Today's manufacturing system design processes are still based on traditional engineering methods and have difficulties to cope with increased complexity. The aim of this systematic literature review is to explore drivers and barriers to implement digitalisation in engineering processes from a socio-technical perspective. The identified general barriers were cyber security, lack of competence, lack of standards, large investments and resistance to change. For the engineering processes the main drivers were increased product complexity, servitisation, data driven design and engineering productivity, with the main barriers culture, excess amount of data, integration of tools. cyber security and data quality. The study shows the complexity of the challenge, and that it is not only the technology that is the top barrier. Further research is recommended to develop approaches of successful engineering digitalisation implementations.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2023.74}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85165481605} } @inproceedings{hajali2023information, author = {Hajali, Tina and Mallalieu, Adam and Brahma, Arindam and Panarotto, Massimo and Isaksson, Ola and Stålberg, Lina and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {INFORMATION FLOW ANALYSIS ENABLING THE INTRODUCTION OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING FOR PRODUCTION TOOLS-INSIGHTS FROM AN INDUSTRIAL CASE}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2023}, month = {1}, volume = {3}, pages = {2315-2324}, abstract = {Additive Manufacturing (AM) has traditionally been used for prototyping of products, however, in the last few decades, it has seen a rising growth in the manufacture of final products. The addition of AM as a manufacturing method in the portfolio of a company's production capabilities increases the complexity of decision-making. This is because the decisions are often not based on the same criteria and constraints, as related to conventional manufacturing processes. In this paper, we investigate this challenge by studying how AM affects the current workflow and the associated information flow for a design-make process in a Swedish manufacturer before and after the integration of AM. In this paper, it is argued that apart from an understanding of how to design for AM, it is equally important to consider how introducing AM alters the existing information flow and how to benefit from information available in various design-make process steps to facilitate decision making process. The result clarifies that the current process relies largely on tacit and experiences-based knowledge, whereas to take advantage of AM, more precision is required to capture and process the available information.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2023.232}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85165440671} } @inproceedings{braun2023ingenj, author = {Braun, Greta and Stahre, Johan and Rosén, Bengt-Göran and Bokinge, Mattias}, title = {Ingenjör4.0 - A National Upskilling Programme to Bridge Industry's Skill Gap}, booktitle = {Procedia CIRP}, year = {2023}, month = {1}, volume = {120}, pages = {1286-1291}, abstract = {Manufacturing industry needs major transformation to meet disruptive environmental, social, and economic challenges, thus requiring a highly skilled workforce. This paper presents key functionalities, results, and best-practices for the launch and operation of a national upskilling platform. The Swedish upskilling programme Ingenjör4.0’s operations have been constantly user-monitored through participant surveys measuring appreciation for training content from the participants and identifying areas with potential for improvement. Thematic analysis of 137 survey responses identified dimensions relevant for an upskilling programme's success. Results show that success factors and hurdles typically lie within the following dimensions: relevance, organization and structure, working life competencies, support from teachers, and collaboration with other learners. The paper concludes that national programmes like Ingenjör4.0 can, in a short time, have deep impact on skill levels for manufacturing industries in areas such as industrial digitalization. Highlighted success factors are: participant appreciation of highly relevant content, collaboration with other participants, highly competent teachers, and the collaboration between universities. Obstacles for the learners are feelings of mismatch in challenges and prior knowledge, lack of feedback and applicable working life examples in the teaching, and the need for increased collaboration with other participants.}, doi = {10.1016/j.procir.2023.09.164}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85184567380} } @article{eckert2022my, author = {Eckert, Claudia and Isaksson, Ola and Hane-Hagström, Malin and Eckert, Calandra}, title = {My Facts Are not Your Facts: Data Wrangling as a Socially Negotiated Process, A Case Study in a Multisite Manufacturing Company}, journal = {Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering}, year = {2022}, month = {12}, volume = {22}, abstract = {The condition under which the data wrangling process is undertaken has a profound impact on the quality of the results of the data wrangling and analysis. This paper presents the results of the analysis of the sociotechnical aspects of a data wrangling activity in a large, multi-site global manufacturer. This activity was technically demanding, as operational data from multiple sources and formats needed to be integrated, but also involved interaction with multiple stakeholders in different parts of the world with their own ways of collecting and structuring the data. The data had been captured previously for a different purpose. The clients were not aware that the data followed a different logic in the various sites and in some cases needed to be manually extracted and interpreted. The paper describes the data wrangling process and analyses the assumptions, goals, and biases of the different stakeholders. The analysis raises questions and insights about how data can be trusted and suggests that human intervention with data along the data wrangling process is often un-intentional, tacit, and easily overlooked. It is suggested that contextual factors, such as data quality and assessment of consequences when acting/making decisions on the new data set are given higher attention during the specification of data wrangling assignments. The paper concludes with recommendations for data wrangling practitioners.}, doi = {10.1115/1.4055953}, url = {https://oro.open.ac.uk/85635/}, pubtype = {Journal article}, oaversion = {accepted}, scopusid = {85145347694} } @article{watz2022investigating, author = {Watz, Matilda and Johansson, Christian and Bertoni, Alessandro and Hallstedt, Sophie I.}, title = {Investigating effects of group model building on sustainable design decision-making}, journal = {Sustainable Production and Consumption}, year = {2022}, month = {9}, volume = {33}, pages = {846-862}, abstract = {This research seeks to investigate the effects of a Group Model Building approach on the sustainability knowledge base prior to the weighting of design requirements. Current practice shows that the knowledge about sustainability impacts and implications on other design objectives often is limited and dispersed among decision-makers. Including sustainability criteria in needs and requirements, therefore, tend to rely on limited knowledge and decision-support, leading to decision-makers often prioritizing design objectives that they are more experienced with. The aim of this research was to capture and discuss effects on team alignment of contextual sustainability understanding from co-modeling impacts and implications of sustainability on other design objectives. The research question guiding the study is ‘what are the effects of a group model building approach on early sustainability design decisions?’. A mixed-methods research, structured according to four assumptions, was designed to analyze effects quantitatively and qualitatively. The assumptions were that the proposed approach helps design teams foster an improved contextual sustainability understanding, align the view of the relative importance of sustainability, identify suitable sustainability improvement, and increase the knowledge maturity of their design decisions. The results triangulation showed that the participants showed signs of improved sustainability understanding of their design projects and that improvement actions were identified from applying the approach. A statistically relevant converging effect could be found on the team alignment of the weighting of sustainability criteria but not on the knowledge maturity. These findings are discussed to conclude on main contributions, limitations, and areas for future work.}, doi = {10.1016/j.spc.2022.08.005}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85136033211} } @article{panarotto2022value, author = {Panarotto, Massimo and Isaksson, Ola and Habbassi, Idris and Cornu, Nicolas}, title = {Value-Based Development Connecting Engineering and Business: A Case on Electric Space Propulsion}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management}, year = {2022}, month = {8}, volume = {69}, pages = {1650-1663}, abstract = {The static relation between business and engineering design hinders the pace of innovation. While program managers often evaluate innovation in terms of financial value generated over a number of business scenarios, engineering design teams base their activities on improving product functionality and meeting technical requirements. This results in an insufficient common understanding during gate meetings about the business implications of alternative technological tradeoffs, thus negatively impacting the pace of innovation. This article presents the results from the introduction of a methodology–based on value and functional modeling–into the practice of design teams working with next-generation electric propulsion systems for satellite applications. The introduction of the methodology was evaluated via interviews, workshops, and observations with nine industrial partners. The results indicate business stakeholders and technology-focused design teams’ bidirectional interest in the methodology. In particular, the results highlight the benefits of the methodology in creating cross-boundary representations that can be used by stakeholders to share knowledge and find common ground in gate meetings. The dynamic interaction with such representations enables a faster decision-making pace during the management of innovation initiatives.}, doi = {10.1109/tem.2020.3029677}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {85096401992} } @article{ito2022improved, author = {Ito, Adriana and Hagström, Malin and Bokrantz, Jon and Skoogh, Anders and Nawcki, Mario and Gandhi, Kanika and Bergsjö, Dag and Bärring, Maja}, title = {Improved root cause analysis supporting resilient production systems}, journal = {Journal of Manufacturing Systems}, year = {2022}, month = {7}, volume = {64}, pages = {468-478}, abstract = {Manufacturing companies struggle to be efficient and effective when conducting root cause analyses of production disturbances; a fact which hinders them from creating and developing resilient production systems. This article aims to describe the challenges and enablers identified in current research relating to the different phases of root cause analysis. A systematic literature review was conducted, in which a total of 14 challenges and 17 enablers are identified and described. These correlate to the different phases of root cause analysis. Examples of challenges are “need for expertise”, “employee bias”, “poor data quality” and “lack of data integration”, among others. Examples of enablers are “visualisation tools”, “collaborative platforms”, “thesaurus” and “machine learning techniques”. Based on these findings, the authors also propose potential areas for further research and then design inputs for new solutions to improve root cause analysis. This article provides a theoretical contribution in that it describes the challenges and enablers of root cause analysis and their correlation to the creation of resilient production systems. The article also provides practical contributions, with an overview of current research to support practitioners in gaining insights into potential solutions to be implemented and further developed, with the aim of improving root cause analysis in production systems.}, doi = {10.1016/j.jmsy.2022.07.015}, pubtype = {Journal article}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85135776699} } @article{guldrisleon2022evaluation, author = {Guldris Leon, Lorena and Thauront, Johanne Lebrun and Hogmalm, K. Johan and Hulthén, Erik and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Evaluation of Refractory Metal Concentrations in Nano-Particulate Pressed-Powder Pellets Using LA-ICP-MS}, journal = {Minerals}, year = {2022}, month = {7}, volume = {12}, abstract = {Whole-rock geochemical analysis is a standard method to measure the chemical composition of ores. Analysis of refractory ore metals such as Ta and W typically requires fused bead and acid digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Since these techniques are time-consuming and expensive, there is a demand for methods that can quantitatively measure low elemental concentration of refractory ore metals using a less expensive and simple approach. This paper evaluates preparation and analytical procedures developed to obtain whole-rock element concentrations of ore samples and mineral concentrates. It shows that the production of nano-particulate pressed-powder pellets followed by LA-ICP-MS analysis of W and Ta ores can be used to determine, within the error margin, the concentrations of the refractory metals W, Ta, Nb, and Sn compared to a reference values obtained by solution analysis. The results have implications for developing a commercially viable method for analysis of refractory elements to benefit mineral processing given the simplicity and resource-efficiency of the combined pressed pellet production and laser ablation analytical methodology.}, doi = {10.3390/min12070869}, pubtype = {Journal article}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85137365820} } @phdthesis{danielairenesiiskonen2022exploring, author = {Daniela Irene Siiskonen, Maria}, title = {Exploring Pharmaceutical Mass Customization}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The core purpose of therapeutic pharmaceutical products is to induce responses to various diseases in patients and thereby bring societal value; however, unmet medical needs currently prevail. Conventional treatment of these products predominantly embraces a one-size-fits-all design and is manufactured in a mass-production context. A mass-production context is driven by economies of scale, however, a one-size-fits-all product design challenges the satisfaction of individual patient needs. Pharmaceutical product customization thus aims to satisfy individuals’ treatment needs and thereby improve their therapeutic outcome; however, this implies a high product variety and low-volume production environment which challenges the cost-effective production with current mass-production platforms.To address this challenge of achieving the cost-effective production of customized pharmaceutical products, this thesis explores a unified approach to cost-effective design, manufacturing and supply of customized pharmaceutical products. For this purpose, the mass customization principles of product modularization, process flexibility and postponement are adopted and adapted in a pharmaceutical production context.This thesis proposes methodologies to design and model customized pharmaceutical products and production systems in a unified manner. Furthermore, customized product designs are proposed using product modularization as a design strategy and reconfigured pharmaceutical supply chain (SC) archetypes using postponement as a strategy for the cost-effective design, manufacturing and supply. The findings suggest that an increased degree of modularization in the pharmaceutical product increases the patient benefit and thus improves therapeutic patient outcomes. In addition, current mass production platforms do not display the process flexibility required for the cost-effective production of customized pharmaceutical products. Moreover, with an increased degree of postponement, opportunities for reduced production costs in the SC emerge. Finally, the cost-effective customization of pharmaceutical products requires an integrated approach of product modularization and postponement. While modeling the production system, this thesis, however, considers an SC from the manufacturer to the pharmacy and patient assessing contemporary cost-effectiveness. Future research directions should investigate societal consequences from a wider, spatial and temporal, health care system perspective.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/530166}, isbn = {978-91-7905-659-9}, type = {Doctoral thesis}, pubtype = {Doctoral thesis}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{strom2022applying, author = {Ström, Mikael}, title = {Applying lean principles and set-based approaches in product development}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The research described in this thesis addresses the problem of transformation to lean product development (LPD) and how to introduce and support the use of set-based design (SBD) in the concept development process. The original description of SBD does not define how to generate, evaluate and reduce a set of design solutions. Evaluation of solution candidates, which are too complex to be analytically verified, or are driven by qualitative criteria, has here been given special attention, particularly in cases when methods utilising human judgment may be needed. For some products, the solution space can consist of both principally different alternatives and parameterised variants of these. The question here is if established methods can be combined and introduced in an efficient way to support an SBD process for development of such products, when driven by both quantitative and qualitative criteria.The research approaches used are:- a two-case study (Yin, 2009), - the design research methodology (Blessing and Chakrabarti, 2009), and - the scientific work paradigm (Jørgensen, 1992), the last two combined with multiple case studies. Also, elements of action research (Oosthuizen, 2002) are used. The results show that the principles and introduction of LPD were experienced as positive by participating practitioners in the conducted case studies. It was furthermore shown that SBD can be introduced and applied in a workshop at team level within a time frame of one or two working days if the design problem at hand is not too complex. Another result is that SBD can be combined with and supported by established methods such as creative and systematic methods for synthesis, enhanced function-means modelling, axiomatic design, extended causal diagrammes, interactive evolutionary algorithms (IEA) and Pugh matrices for generation, analysis, evaluation and reduction of a solution space of design alternatives and variants of these. Both qualitative and quantitative requirements can be handled. The conclusions are that a transformation to LPD is facilitated by information about good examples and internal support by management. Also, the existence of a lean enthusiast in the organization and an appropriate implementation plan supports a transformation to LPD. A function to maintain the LPD system as well as influence of the lean principles are valuable guides on how to use LPD. Also concluded is that a seamless, efficient process, applying set-based principles, for synthesis, evaluation, and reduction of a solution space of design alternatives can be created by combining enhanced function-means modelling, morphological matrices, axiomatic design, causal diagrammes and Pugh matrices. Such a compound of methods can be introduced and applied in a workshop at team level within a time frame of one to two days when solving well-known and not too complex design problems. The workshop should be facilitated by an expert on the methods used and initiated and surveyed by a team manager. Furthermore, a solution space of parameterised design variants, with criteria that are either qualitative or too complicated to be numerically defined, can be generated, evaluated and reduced in such a process. By using a defined set of functional and constraining criteria, and applying axiomatic design and IEA, a variant solution space can be generated and refined. A set-up of the IEA that does not overburden the user should be preferred.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/531615}, isbn = {978-91-7905-699-5}, type = {Doctoral thesis}, pubtype = {Doctoral thesis}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{alonsofernandez2022trading, author = {Alonso Fernandez, Iñigo}, title = {Trading Off between Flexibility and Product Platform Constraints for Effective Technology Introduction}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Developing product platforms is an established method of reducing internal variety costs while delivering variety to customers. A critical aspect of a platform, that is expected to be used and extended for many years, is the ability to introduce new technologies and solutions effectively. Since these technological integration endeavours may challenge platform constraints, it is necessary to be able to assess the trade-off between their expected value and cost of realisation. New technologies can be integrated more easily into products derived from product platforms if they are flexible. However, introducing flexibility early can be wasteful, both in terms of resources used for the development of the platforms and the suboptimal design of products derived from the platform. In this study, a review of the existing literature is conducted and several case studies in the automotive sector are performed. Both technical and organizational factors are found to limit platform flexibility. This research supports the idea that the flexibility to integrate technology into existing platforms is a valuable property. Consequently, it is important to foster the ability to more objectively assess the value of proposed technology changes in organisations relying on product and production platforms.Finally, this thesis proposes a model-based methodology to trade off the flexibility of a product platform with the lifetime value it can deliver to its stakeholders. The methodology utilizes technology roadmaps, architectural modelling, value-driven design, and model-based simulations to establish the bandwidth of a product platform. As such, the constraints that the platform introduces for future derived products are balanced against valuable flexibility, which is defined as the flexibility of the platform to allow for more alternative designs, including using new technologies, of higher value in future products. The findings of this thesis have implications for the research of product platforms and their development, as well as for practitioners making decisions about product platforms with consideration to the uncertainty around the ways they will be used and upgraded in the future.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/532952}, type = {Licentiate thesis}, pubtype = {Licentiate thesis}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true} } @inproceedings{brahma2022use, author = {Brahma, A. and Wynn, D. C. and Isaksson, O.}, title = {Use of Margin to Absorb Variation in Design Specifications: An Analysis Using the Margin Value Method}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2022}, month = {5}, volume = {2}, pages = {323-332}, abstract = {Predicting the impact of changes in a design can be challenging, especially for complex designs. Margins are often built into the designs which can absorb the knock-on effect of such changes, erroneously allocating which can however, lead to propagation. A method for localising and sizing margins in an incremental design context is the Margin Value Method. This paper adapts MVM in the context of uncertainty in input specifications. It discusses possible ways to allocate them in a design such that undesirable effects of margins are minimised while preventing change propagation.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2022.34}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85131371103} } @inproceedings{isaksson2022designing, author = {Isaksson, O. and Eckert, C. M.}, title = {Designing Innovation - The Role of Engineering Design to Realise Sustainability Challenges}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2022}, month = {5}, volume = {2}, pages = {1021-1030}, abstract = {Sustainability challenges drive innovation, yet few studies attend to the role of design to realise innovation. This paper report from a full day workshop and panel discussion with 100 delegates at the ICED 2021 conference. Industrialists, academics and societal representatives discussed how to deal with five conflicting themes. It is argued that innovation actors will need to take a joint action to the problem, industrial value chains need to co-innovate and that long term challenging targets are powerful metrics to drive transformation.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2022.104}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85131366477} } @inproceedings{mallalieu2022role, author = {Mallalieu, A. and Hajali, T. and Isaksson, O. and Panarotto, M.}, title = {The Role of Digital Infrastructure for the Industrialisation of Design for Additive Manufacturing}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2022}, month = {5}, volume = {2}, pages = {1401-1410}, abstract = {The use of Additive Manufacturing (AM) can bring opportunities for industry, but several challenges need to be addressed, specifically the digital infrastructure comprising the AM value chain. A combination of a systematic literature review and an industrial use case study concludes that there is low consideration of the digital infrastructure in Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) methods and tools which has a negative impact on the industrialisation of AM. It is therefore recommended that further studies are to be made on how to manage the digital infrastructure in DfAM processes.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2022.142}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85131365513} } @article{watz2022sustainable, author = {Watz, Matilda and Hallstedt, Sophie I.}, title = {Towards sustainable product development – Insights from testing and evaluating a profile model for management of sustainability integration into design requirements}, journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production}, year = {2022}, month = {4}, volume = {346}, abstract = {Product development and manufacturing continues to be a profound contributor to the socio-ecological problems and challenges we are facing in our world today. For products to contribute to sustainability requires not only that socio-ecological lifecycle impacts are considered in the initial stages of the product innovation process, but that they are maintained as integral product requirements. Although research offers a plethora of approaches, methods, and tools for sustainable product development, the implementation in industry remains low. The focus of this research is a less explored area of sustainable product development implementation, the management of needs identification and propagation of design requirements. The purpose is to: i) add to state of knowledge about current practices of sustainability integration into requirements, and ii) the academic discussion on implementation of sustainable design and product development. A self-assessment approach for sustainability integration into requirements is tested. The purpose of the approach is to support improvement of the requirements management process design, including activities and competencies, for engineering design. Four Swedish product development and manufacturing companies tested the approach, from which the results are used to evaluate usefulness, usability, and effect potential. The findings are discussed together with key characteristics for requirements and sustainability criteria, providing insights to ensure that socio-ecological considerations are both influencing the initial requirement specification, and maintained as decision parameters throughout the product development process.}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131000}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85126514521} } @article{borgue2022fuzzy, author = {Borgue, Olivia and Panarotto, Massimo and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Fuzzy model-based design for testing and qualification of additive manufacturing components}, journal = {Design Science}, year = {2022}, month = {3}, volume = {8}, abstract = {The uncertainties and variation of additive manufacturing (AM) material properties and their impact on product quality trouble designers. The lack of experience in AM technologies renders the experts’ assessment of AM components and the establishment of safety margins difficult. Consequently, unexpected qualification difficulties resulting in expensive and lengthy redesign processes might arise. To reduce the risk of qualification failure, engineers might perform copious time-consuming and expensive specimen testing in early phases, or establish overconservative design margins, overriding the weight reduction benefits of AM technologies. In this article, a model-based design method is proposed for the conceptual design of AM space components with affordable test phases. The method utilizes fuzzy logics to systematically account for experts’ assessment of AM properties variation, and to provide an early estimation of a product qualification likelihood related to design parameters of interest, without the need for copious testing. The estimation of qualification likelihood can also point out which are the unique AM material uncertainties that require further specific testing, to enable the design of a product with a better performance and more affordable test phases. The method is demonstrated with the design for AM gridded of ion thrusters for satellite applications.}, doi = {10.1017/dsj.2022.6}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85127772339} } @article{villamil2022sustainability, author = {Villamil, Carolina and Schulte, Jesko and Hallstedt, Sophie}, title = {Sustainability risk and portfolio management—A strategic scenario method for sustainable product development}, journal = {Business Strategy and the Environment}, year = {2022}, month = {3}, volume = {31}, pages = {1042-1057}, abstract = {Companies need to strategically develop their portfolio and find the balance between being proactive and passive in relation to sustainability. In this study, a strategic perspective based on backcasting from overarching socio‐ecological sustainability principles was used as a lens to understand how companies might adapt their product portfolios to avoid threats and exploit opportunities on increasingly sustainability‐driven markets. The study shows that sustainability performance, market success, and time are key areas to be considered in the product portfolio process to ensure short‐term profitability and long‐term competitiveness. A novel method was developed and tested in one academic group and two companies to explore how such a strategic sustainability perspective can support the product portfolio process in practice. The results indicate that the strategic layered double‐flow scenario method, including different time horizons, was supportive in identifying opportunities and avoid risks in the sustainable development process at the company.}, doi = {10.1002/bse.2934}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85118496463} } @inproceedings{hallstedt2022forming, author = {Hallstedt, Sophie I. and Isaksson, Ola and Watz, Matilda and Mallalieu, Adam and Schulte, Jesko}, title = {Forming Digital Sustainable Product Development Support}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Norddesign 2022 how Product and Manufacturing Design Enable Sustainable Companies and Societies}, year = {2022}, month = {1}, abstract = {Sustainability has shifted from strategically important to business critical for several manufacturing industries. This paper introduces an implementation framework to increase the capabilities in companies to design, develop and offer sustainable product- and production solutions in line with new regulatory strategies and plans.}, doi = {10.35199/norddesign2022.37}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/45158/forming_digital_sustainable_product_development_support}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {85142875491} } @inproceedings{martinssonbonde2022morpheus, author = {Martinsson Bonde, Julian and Mallalieu, Adam and Panarotto, Massimo and Isaksson, Ola and Almefelt, Lars and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Morpheus: The Development and Evaluation of a Software Tool for Morphological Matrices}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Norddesign 2022 how Product and Manufacturing Design Enable Sustainable Companies and Societies}, year = {2022}, month = {1}, abstract = {This paper presents the development and evaluation of a software tool used to create morphological matrices. The tool was tested in two university product development courses for two years, and was used by hundreds of students. A questionnaire and a focus group was utilized to evaluate the tool. While the tool worked mostly as intended, it had some unintended consequences when applied in the university courses. Students who used the tool would sometimes misunderstand the underlying method, and consequently not utilize the tool correctly.}, doi = {10.35199/norddesign2022.38}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/45130/morpheus_the_development_and_evaluation_of_a_software_tool_for_morphological_matrices}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {85142879205} } @inproceedings{andersson2022demonstrating, author = {Andersson, Petter and Lejon, Marcus and Pradas Gómez, Alejandro and Jacobson, Max}, title = {Demonstrating an approach for multidisciplinary set-based design within an aerospace research project - DEFAINE}, booktitle = {33rd Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences Icas 2022}, year = {2022}, month = {1}, volume = {3}, pages = {1711-1722}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/538471/file/538471_Fulltext.pdf}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {85159675323} } @incollection{isaksson2022design, author = {Isaksson, Ola and Wynn, David C. and Eckert, Claudia}, title = {Design Perspectives, Theories, and Processes for Engineering Systems Design}, booktitle = {Handbook of Engineering Systems Design with 178 Figures and 54 Tables}, year = {2022}, month = {1}, pages = {53-99}, abstract = {Engineering systems are socio-technical systems that provide solutions to fundamental economic and societal challenges. Such systems are complex in both technical and human terms. Engineering systems evolve over time, and uncertainty over time plays a decisive role. Perspectives on design, design theories, and design processes can be used to guide and support designers of engineering systems. This chapter provides an introduction to several well-established perspectives on design, such as design as participatory activity, design as unique mode of thinking, and more. In the same way design theories are introduced, exemplified by C-K theory, axiomatic design, domain theory, and others; and an introduction to well-known processes, including stage-based, agile, and set-based models and many more, is provided. It is explained how each of the discussed approaches offers valuable insights that help to address different aspects of complex systems design. The evolution of the approaches reflects the evolving recognition of users and context when designing engineering systems.}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-81159-4_3}, url = {https://oro.open.ac.uk/77085/}, pubtype = {Book chapter}, oaversion = {accepted}, scopusid = {85153654835} } @article{cash2022sampling, author = {Cash, Philip and Isaksson, Ola and Maier, Anja and Summers, Joshua}, title = {Sampling in design research: Eight key considerations}, journal = {Design Studies}, year = {2022}, month = {1}, volume = {78}, abstract = {How a research team defines their study sample can be decisive in shaping impact on both practice and theory. However, sampling in design research faces several major challenges, including diverse terminology, limited prior literature, and lack of common framework for discussing sampling decisions. We address these challenges by bringing together guidance from across related research fields as well as cross-referring to examples from published design research. We offer a structured process for sample development and present eight key sampling considerations. The paper contributes to research method selection, development, and use, as well as extending discussions surrounding knowledge construction, standards of reporting, and design research impact.}, doi = {10.1016/j.destud.2021.101077}, pubtype = {Journal article}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85120986117} } @inproceedings{stylidis2022perceived, author = {Stylidis, Kostas and Quattelbaum, Bastian and Bergsjö, Dag and Hellberg, Ebba and Lundström, Oscar and Siljefalk, Louise and Heimersson, Emelie and Söderberg, Rikard}, title = {Perceived Quality Attributes Importance Ranking Methodology in the Automotive Industry: A Case Study on Geometry Appearance Attributes at CEVT}, booktitle = {Procedia CIRP}, year = {2022}, month = {1}, volume = {107}, pages = {1559-1564}, abstract = {Implementation of methods for perceived quality evaluation is an integral part of the automotive manufacturers’ strategic development plans. The correct definition of perceived quality requirements is one of the significant factors influencing customer’s purchase intention. This study seeks to understand how customers perceive and prioritize attributes that are associated with the geometrical and materials quality of a premium car market segment. We applied the Perceived Quality Attributes Importance Ranking (PQAIR) methodology to understand the importance of different perceived quality attributes form a customer perspective. Such an understanding can contribute to the effectiveness of the design processes in the early product development phases. This approach is tested on 144 respondents representing customer’s target group and performed in collaboration with China Euro Vehicle Technology (CEVT) technical experts. Our results verify the rationality and feasibility of the applied method and indicate the improvement of engineering practices regarding complex product development.}, doi = {10.1016/j.procir.2022.05.191}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85132267210} } @inproceedings{hagstrom2022comparing, author = {Hagström, Malin Hane and Bergsjö, Dag and Furborg, Fredric and Aas, Rickard}, title = {Comparing the quality of documentation used in production equipment acquisitions and the impact on the performance of the acquired equipment – a pre study}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Norddesign 2022 how Product and Manufacturing Design Enable Sustainable Companies and Societies}, year = {2022}, month = {1}, abstract = {There are often problems with design documentation, such as incomplete or missing and quality of input. A pre study within an engineering department for advanced machinery investigates the quality of production equipment acquisition documents used with the performance of the acquired equipment in terms of maintenance costs.The study shows indications that incomplete or missing input as well as the quality of the input could have an impact on the performance of the acquired machines and the project performance.}, doi = {10.35199/norddesign2022.6}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/45132/comparing_the_quality_of_documentation_used_in_production_equipment_acquisitions_and_the_impact_on_the_performance_of_the_acquired_equipment_%E2%80%93_a_pre_study}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {85142874719} } @article{alhandawi2022optimization, author = {Al Handawi, Khalil and Panarotto, Massimo and Andersson, Petter and Isaksson, Ola and Kokkolaras, Michael}, title = {Optimization of Design Margins Allocation When Making Use of Additive Remanufacturing}, journal = {Journal of Mechanical Design}, year = {2022}, month = {1}, volume = {144}, abstract = {Requirement changes can result in substantial overdesign because of the way design margins are allocated at the beginning of the design process. We present a design optimization method for minimizing overdesign by making use of additive remanufacturing and recently defined constituents of design margins (buffer and excess). The method can be used to obtain a set of design decisions for different changing requirement scenarios. We demonstrate our method by means of a turbine rear structure design problem where changes in the temperature loads are met by depositing different types of stiffeners on the outer casing. The results of the case study are visualized in a tradespace, which allows for comparison between sets of optimal, flexible, and robust designs. Results show that the optimized set of design decisions balances flexibility and robustness in a cost-effective manner.}, doi = {10.1115/1.4051607}, url = {https://khbalhandawi.github.io/assets/pdf/Al%20Handawi%20et%20al.%20-%202021%20-%20Optimization%20of%20Design%20Margins%20Allocation%20When%20Making%20Use%20of%20Additive%20Remanufacturing.pdf}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Design automation}, oaversion = {accepted}, scopusid = {85110813408} } @inproceedings{dokter2022cards, author = {Dokter, G and Jansen, B W and Thuvander, L and Rahe, U and Duijghuisen, J A}, title = {Cards for Circularity (CFC): Reflections on the use of a card-based circular design tool in design education}, booktitle = {Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science}, year = {2022}, month = {1}, volume = {1078}, abstract = {The transition to a Circular Economy (CE) requires designers to, more than ever, concurrently develop a circular design, supply chain and business model, and anticipate how products and buildings function over time. To address these challenges, recent studies identified specific knowledge and competencies for designers. However, it remains unknown to what extent future designers (students) are prepared to address the CE in design practice. Therefore, this study investigates how architecture students currently interpret the CE concept and whether that aligns with how they apply the concept in a design assignment. For two years, a workshop was organized with a total of 320 architecture students. The students utilized a card-based circular design tool to conceptualise circular solutions for cases varying in scale and context. According to the students, the main challenge of design for a CE relates to holistic perspectives and systems thinking. The students associate the CE strongly with the reuse of existing (waste) materials, yet results of the design assignment show holistic and diverse approaches of incorporating CE principles. The study identified slight discrepancies between experienced challenges and reported necessary knowledge of designing for a CE, which could relate to the changing role of architects in a CE.}, doi = {10.1088/1755-1315/1078/1/012057}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85139127486} } @inproceedings{fernandez2022designing, author = {Fernández, Iñigo Alonso and Panarotto, Massimo and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Designing Multi-Technological Resilient Objects in Product Platforms}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Norddesign 2022 how Product and Manufacturing Design Enable Sustainable Companies and Societies}, year = {2022}, month = {1}, abstract = {Uncertainty about the market, environment, and technological landscape of the future challenges the ways companies utilize the notion of "product platforms" to gain efficiency during development and production. This paper reviews design approaches to cope with uncertainties and highlights the benefit of designing a platform to enable "resilience" to deal with uncertain situation without the need to change the structure or configuration of the product platform. To achieve resilience, the paper proposes to introduce "resilient objects" in regions of the product platform that are likely to be most affected by change. Resilient design objects are already common in practice, such as a spring-damper system in mechanical systems. However, since product platform are multi-technological, this paper proposes a way of representing generic resilient objects (along five different design domains) for multitechnological systems. This proposal is supported by illustrative examples. Future research opportunities are identified around extending the matrix of generic multi-technological resilient objects, and defining a systematic method to design, select and evaluate which resilient objects are more valuable to be inserted in specific regions of the product platform.}, doi = {10.35199/norddesign2022.40}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85207340692} } @inproceedings{malmqvist2022cdio, author = {Malmqvist, Johan and Lundqvist, Ulrika and Rosén, Anders and Edström, Kristina and Gupta, Rajnish and Leong, Helene and Cheah, Sin Moh and Bennedsen, Jens and Hugo, Ron and Kamp, Aldert and Leifler, Ola and Gunnarsson, Svante and Roslöf, Janne and Spooner, Daniel}, title = {THE CDIO SYLLABUS 3.0 - AN UPDATED STATEMENT OF GOALS}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Cdio Conference}, year = {2022}, month = {1}, pages = {18-36}, abstract = {The CDIO Initiative is going through a process of reconsidering and updating the CDIO approach for engineering education development. Previous work resulted in substantial updates of the twelve CDIO standards and the introduction of “optional” CDIO standards. This paper reports on a similar review and update of the CDIO Syllabus to version 3.0. It has been developed by a working group consisting of four sub-groups and iterated and refined guided by feedback from the whole CDIO community. There are mainly three external drivers that motivate the changes: sustainability, digitalization, and acceleration. There is also an internal driver in the form of lessons learned within the CDIO community, from using the Syllabus in curriculum and course development. Approximately 70 updates are proposed, amongst them three additions on the X.X level, namely 1.4 Knowledge of Social Sciences and Humanities, 3.1 Teamwork and Collaboration, and 5.3 Research.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/534193/file/534193_Fulltext.pdf}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {85145913222} } @article{jiao2022new, author = {Jiao, Roger and Luo, Jianxi and Malmqvist, Johan and Summers, Joshua}, title = {New design: opportunities for engineering design in an era of digital transformation}, journal = {Journal of Engineering Design}, year = {2022}, month = {1}, volume = {33}, pages = {685-690}, doi = {10.1080/09544828.2022.2147270}, pubtype = {Editorial}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85141739504} } @inproceedings{olesen2022learning, author = {Olesen, Veronica and Stöhr, Christian and Enelund, Mikael and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {LEARNING MECHATRONICS USING DIGITAL LIVE LABS}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Cdio Conference}, year = {2022}, month = {1}, pages = {831-847}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/534184/file/534184_Fulltext.pdf}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {85143762041} } @inproceedings{panarotto2022dsms, author = {Panarotto, Massimo and Kipouros, Timos and Brahma, Arindam and Isaksson, Ola and Strandh Tholin, Oskar and Clarkson, John}, title = {Using DSMs in functionally driven explorative design experiments – an automation approach}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 24th International Dependency and Structure Modeling Conference Dsm 2022}, year = {2022}, month = {1}, pages = {68-77}, abstract = {Product architectures are often designed as evolutions or modifications of existing product platforms by adding new functionalities. However, there is still a limited ability to simultaneously modify the functions and the physical elements of a system (and the corresponding links between them). These relationships, which are usually static, limit the ability to discover new architectures, as well as to analyse architectures by simulation. In this paper, we demonstrate how DSMs can be connected to function-means models to enable 1) the simultaneous modification of functions, solutions and links of a product’s architecture and 2) the ability to export multiple DSMs from function models to use in simulation of non-functional properties of a product architecture (e.g., supply chain resilience) in digital design experiments. The initially identified multiple instances of architectures can be exported and communicated with other simulation and analysis tools, thereby enriching existing models with additional and more detailed information.}, doi = {10.35199/dsm2022.08}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/45940/using_dsms_in_functionally_driven_explorative_design_experiments_%E2%80%93_an_automation_approach}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Design automation}, scopusid = {85143175807} } @article{hagstrom2022reducing, author = {Hagström, Malin Hane and Bergsjö, Dag and Blomberg, Jonny and Håkansson, Martin}, title = {Reducing professional maintenance losses in production by efficient knowledge management in machine acquisitions}, journal = {International Journal of Product Lifecycle Management}, year = {2022}, month = {1}, volume = {14}, pages = {70-101}, abstract = {Research in product development has shown the importance of reusing knowledge to eliminate future design weaknesses. Previous research has shown that maintenance- and equipment breakdown-related losses are the second and third largest losses in a specific studied automotive flow and that the losses are originating from the design phase. This paper presents a case study performed on four industrial acquisition projects where the case company already had one machine and was buying more machines of the same type. The study focuses on how knowledge about the existing machine is re-used in the new acquisition process. Potential barriers that hinder reusing the engineering knowledge are identified. The main conclusions are that there is a need for increased focus on the importance of knowledge transfer, more emphasis on maturing knowledge, increase the diversity in the engineering teams, ensure the design model is applying lean concepts, and to improve the documentation interface with suppliers.}, doi = {10.1504/ijplm.2022.123564}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Knowledge management}, scopusid = {85133332429} } @article{malakizadi2021role, author = {Malakizadi, Amir and Hajali, Tina and Schulz, Fiona and Cedergren, Stefan and Ålgårdh, Joakim and M'Saoubi, Rachid and Hryha, Eduard and Krajnik, Peter}, title = {The role of microstructural characteristics of additively manufactured Alloy 718 on tool wear in machining}, journal = {International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture}, year = {2021}, month = {12}, volume = {171}, abstract = {This study aims to provide a fundamental understanding of the role of microstructural characteristics influencing tool wear when machining Alloy 718 fabricated using Powder Bed Fusion (PBF). The effects of preferred crystallographic orientation (texture), shape and distribution of grains, local misorientation, type and amount of precipitates as well as the type, size and amount of abrasive carbides, nitrides and oxides on tool wear are investigated in as-built condition and after the standard solutionising and double-aging treatment. The microstructures of workpiece materials and the surfaces of worn tools were examined using different material characterisation techniques, including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). A dislocation-based approach was used to reveal the cumulative effects of the microstructural characteristics on deformation behaviour and the thermo-mechanical loads on the tools during cutting. The analyses suggest that texture and the extent of material work-hardening prior to the onset of crack formation markedly influence the amount of plastic work and thus heat generation when machining Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion (EB-PBF) material. The higher heat generation in the cutting zones provokes thermally-induced wear mechanisms like diffusion-dissolution and oxidation. In addition, the larger amount of hard oxide inclusions present in EB-PBF material leads to higher wear by abrasion. In contrast to the prevailing experimental approaches in this field, the present investigation is built on a physics-based framework to understand the fundamental aspects that govern material deformation and heat generation in cutting and, consequently, tool wear mechanisms. This framework can be used for machinability assessment of any alloy manufactured by different additive manufacturing (AM) technologies and for optimising the process-chain, including printing strategies and thermal post-treatments, to improve the machinability of AM alloys by tailoring their microstructure.}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2021.103814}, pubtype = {Journal article}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85118828303} } @article{siiskonen2021adapting, author = {Siiskonen, Maria and Mortensen, Niels Henrik and Malmqvist, Johan and Folestad, Staffan}, title = {Adapting discrete goods supply chains to support mass customisation of pharmaceutical products}, journal = {Concurrent Engineering Research and Applications}, year = {2021}, month = {12}, volume = {29}, pages = {309-327}, abstract = {Emerging research within the field of personalised medicines has aimed to enhance patient treatment through the use of pharmaceutical products that are customised to the individual needs and preferences of the patient. The currently dominant production platforms of pharmaceutical products, however, regard a mass production paradigm and are thus unfeasible for the production and provision of personalised medicines. The production platforms are not designed or are intended for a customisation context. Operating such a context with the current supply chain entails challenges such as increasing costs, time to patient and efforts in quality assurance activities. To address these challenges, this paper presents four reconfigured pharmaceutical supply chain designs. A qualitative operational performance assessment elicits the strengths and weaknesses of the respective supply chain design operating in a customisation context. The results suggest that a later point of variegation, that is, the point in the supply chain where the final customisation is achieved, can relieve the operational effort of the stakeholders in the supply chain while providing the benefits of personalised medicines, that is, an enhanced treatment outcome of the patient. A trade-off remains, however, between the supply chain’s decreased operational effort and degree of necessary reconfigurations, such as introducing new functions to stakeholder operation, reallocating activities to other stakeholders or educating stakeholders.}, doi = {10.1177/1063293x211002169}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/524084/file/524084_Fulltext.pdf}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {85103902738} } @article{brahma2021study, author = {Brahma, Arindam and Wynn, David C.}, title = {A Study on the Mechanisms of Change Propagation in Mechanical Design}, journal = {Journal of Mechanical Design}, year = {2021}, month = {12}, volume = {143}, abstract = {Design changes and change propagation have been recognized as ubiquitous in the engineering design process. But why are some design changes propagated while others are absorbed? This paper reports on a study to investigate the specific properties of a mechanical design that influence whether a change is either propagated or absorbed. Student participants in the study were asked to complete a well-defined mechanical design task and then to introduce several design changes. Analysis of the recorded design processes reveals new insight into the mechanisms of change propagation in terms of properties of the design. The insights suggest avenues for future research to make designs more tolerant to potential future change and to develop improved methods to predict change propagation.}, doi = {10.1115/1.4050927}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {85127027480} } @phdthesis{dokter2021circular, author = {Dokter, Giliam}, title = {Circular design in practice: Towards a co-created circular economy through design}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In the efforts to stimulate sustainable development, the circular economy represents the most recent attempt to reduce the pressure on the environment by attaining harmony between the economy, environment and society. In theory, this is accomplished by establishing ‘closed-loop’ flows of resources in a way that enables businesses and society to reap benefits from maintaining products, components and materials at their highest utility and value, while simultaneously reducing the generation of waste.Although the transition to a circular economy is still in its infancy, the concept can no longer be considered a niche discussion as it has rapidly gained a place on political agendas across Europe and is generating increasing traction in industry and academia. The circular economy certainly offers the considerable potential to address the environmental challenges in the design of products and the built environment, yet there are also a number of technical and non-technical challenges to overcome in its implementation. For designers such as industrial designers and architects, it means that the entire lifecycle including the design, production, use and waste phases need to be addressed holistically, and long-lasting collaborations need to be fostered in design endeavours to enable circularity on a systemic level. To date, there have been limited empirical studies into the implications of the circular economy for the practice of design.Therefore, this thesis set out to examine how the concept of a circular economy is currently being operationalised within design practice and explore what design knowledge, tools and methods are needed to support design practice and curricula in designing for a circular economy. The thesis builds on three studies. Study A investigated the current interpretations and operationalisation of the circular economy in design practice across the disciplines of architecture and industrial design; Study B explored the role of stakeholder collaboration and co-creation in facilitating circular design innovation; and Study C explored what knowledge, tools and strategies could further support design for a circular economy in practice.The findings indicate that the circular economy is a complex and multi-faceted challenge that expands the scope of design projects and drives the integration of new knowledge and skills into the design process. Design efforts in the context of the circular economy need to go beyond the focus on technical challenges and the perception of design projects as ‘temporary’ endeavours. Instead, the circular economy shifts the focus of designers away from the creation of physical artefacts and towards the creation of systems, business models, collaborative networks and future visions; thus, ultimately helping clients to look ahead and render the pathways towards circularity tangible. It is apparent that the circular economy requires extensive stakeholder collaboration during (and after) the design process, and the results indicate that ‘designing’ and establishing collaborative networks can be regarded as integral components of circular design and as intangible design outcomes. In this regard, participatory design approaches are found to be important in fostering awareness and knowledge of circularity and promoting collaboration between actors. Finally, the circular economy is blurring the boundaries of scale and disciplines and encompasses considerable ambiguity. This equivocality calls for a holistic design approach and universal design frameworks and language to ensure that the ‘version’ of a circular economy that society will see in the future is the one that aligns with the underlying goals of sustainable development and establishes a systemic shift in how people perceive and utilise resources.To conclude, the findings of this thesis contribute to a better understanding of how the concept of a circular economy is implemented across design practice and identifies pathways to further advance circular design.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/523084}, type = {Licentiate thesis}, pubtype = {Licentiate thesis}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{borgue2021affordable, author = {Borgue, Olivia}, title = {Affordable identification and modelling of uncertain design specifications when introducing new technologies in space applications}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2021}, abstract = {When introducing new technologies in space products, both the uncertainties regarding technology feasibility and the way in which the technology affects the product development process hinder the early establishment of appropriate engineering specifications. Failing to establish product specifications during conceptual stages leads to problems discovered during later phases of the product development process, when design and process changes are the most expensive.This thesis proposes a digital holistic design platform and a method of constraints replacement for a cost- and time-efficient identification of specification uncertainties when designing space products with new technologies. The digital platform and methods have been developed and tested through industrial case studies featuring the introduction of new technologies for on-orbit applications. Most of these studies were performed in the context of, but are not limited to, the introduction of additive manufacturing.The platform and proposed constraints replacement method are based on function modeling strategies (for modeling product architecture and requirements during conceptual design phases), coupled with activity modeling strategies (for modeling the impact of product architecture on product development schedules and costs). The platform and method enable the identification and assessment of unknown uncertainties, thereby reducing the likelihood of expensive redesign processes during later development phases.Moreover, they enable the inclusion of multidisciplinary design trade-offs during conceptual stages and encourage the establishment of a culture of uncertainty seeking and effective data documentation and transfer.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/526229}, isbn = {978-91-7905-549-3}, type = {Doctoral thesis}, pubtype = {Doctoral thesis}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{hanehagstrom2021demystifying, author = {Hane Hagström, Malin}, title = {Demystifying the effectiveness in design of production systems - Investigating the coupling between acquisition and maintenance of equipment}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The purpose of the design of production systems is to create systems that perform according to set targets. With the paradigm shift towards electrification and digitalisation, manufacturing engineers in the heavy truck powertrain industry face several unexplored challenges; in the products for which they are designing production, in the equipment they are purchasing to realise production systems, and finally, in the digitalisation impact on engineering processes. Further, there is a lack of empirical studies on the performance of production system design, measured as the performance of production systems when they are in operation. Understanding performance of design is vital in order to identify and implement correct improvement measures. To investigate the performance of production system design, this thesis presents comparative case studies from powertrain manufacturing engineering in a large heavy truck company. The focus is on the equipment acquisition process and its impact on the performance of the purchased equipment and specifically equipment breakdown cost due to design weakness. The investigation was performed both quantitatively, comparing breakdown costs for newly acquired equipment to equipment nearing their end of life, and qualitatively, comparing the ability to prevent breakdowns in four re-purchasing acquisition projects. The thesis shows that: 1) maintenance cost per machine is increasing during the initial phase of the life cycle; 2) new machinery have higher breakdown costs than the end-of-life machines; 3) the design weakness share of maintenance problems unexpectedly only increases during the initial phase of the life cycle. The conclusion is that the engineering process studied does not become more effective over time. The main barriers to effective design of production systems are found to be connected to how knowledge flows internally and externally in the organisation, and more specifically during the organisational and individual dimensions, rather than the technological aspect. Further research in knowledge management is recommended as well as a study of how digitalisation might benefit the production system design engineering community from a socio-technological point of view.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/526962}, type = {Licentiate thesis}, pubtype = {Licentiate thesis}, openaccess = {true} } @article{arnarsson2021natural, author = {Arnarsson, Ivar Örn and Frost, Otto and Gustavsson, Emil and Jirstrand, Mats and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Natural language processing methods for knowledge management—Applying document clustering for fast search and grouping of engineering documents}, journal = {Concurrent Engineering Research and Applications}, year = {2021}, month = {6}, volume = {29}, pages = {142-152}, abstract = {Product development companies collect data in form of Engineering Change Requests for logged design issues, tests, and product iterations. These documents are rich in unstructured data (e.g. free text). Previous research affirms that product developers find that current IT systems lack capabilities to accurately retrieve relevant documents with unstructured data. In this research, we demonstrate a method using Natural Language Processing and document clustering algorithms to find structurally or contextually related documents from databases containing Engineering Change Request documents. The aim is to radically decrease the time needed to effectively search for related engineering documents, organize search results, and create labeled clusters from these documents by utilizing Natural Language Processing algorithms. A domain knowledge expert at the case company evaluated the results and confirmed that the algorithms we applied managed to find relevant document clusters given the queries tested.}, doi = {10.1177/1063293x20982973}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Knowledge management}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85102180975} } @article{landahl2021dynamic, author = {Landahl, Jonas and Jiao, Roger Jianxin and Madrid, Julia and Söderberg, Rikard and Johannesson, Hans}, title = {Dynamic platform modeling for concurrent product-production reconfiguration}, journal = {Concurrent Engineering Research and Applications}, year = {2021}, month = {6}, volume = {29}, pages = {102-123}, abstract = {To meet a wide range of customer needs, a variety of product concepts can be modeled employing a platform approach. Whereas frequent market changes can be accommodated by dynamically modifying product concepts in iterations, capabilities in production are seldom well incorporated as part of design iterations. In this paper, a dynamic platform modeling approach that supports concurrent product-production reconfiguration is presented. The approach builds on Set-Based Concurrent Engineering (SBCE) processes and a function modeling technique is used to represent product-production variety streams inherent in a production operation model. To demonstrate the approach, a comprehensive case from the aerospace industry is presented. Conceptual representations of a set of aero engine sub-systems and a variety of welding configurations, including their inherent constraints, are mutually modeled and assessed. The results show that a set of product-production alternatives can be dynamically controlled by integrating product-production constraints using a production operation model. Following SBCE processes, inferior alternatives can be put aside until new information becomes available and a new set of alternatives can be reconfigured. The dynamics and concurrency of the approach can potentially reduce the risk of late and costly modifications that propagate from design to production.}, doi = {10.1177/1063293x20958938}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85094883901} } @article{dokter2021circulara, author = {Dokter, Giliam and Thuvander, Liane and Rahe, Ulrike}, title = {How circular is current design practice? Investigating perspectives across industrial design and architecture in the transition towards a circular economy}, journal = {Sustainable Production and Consumption}, year = {2021}, month = {4}, volume = {26}, pages = {692-708}, abstract = {The transition to a circular economy (CE) produces a range of new challenges for designers and requires specific knowledge, strategies, and methods. To date, most studies regarding design for a CE have been theoretical and conceptual, hence, limited research has been conducted on the practical implications of designing for a CE. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide a better understanding of how design practitioners interpret and implement the CE concept in practice. To capture the complexity of real-world cases, semi-structured interviews were carried out with design practitioners (N = 12) within the disciplines of architecture and industrial design who have actively worked with circularity in a design agency setting. The results show that the practitioners have diverse perspectives on designing for a CE, relating to (1) the circular design process, (2) the effects of the CE on design agencies, (3) the changing role of the designer, and (4) the external factors affecting circular design in practice. Some differences were identified between the architects and industrial designers, with the industrial designers more strongly focused on circular business models and the architects on the reuse of materials on a building level. In addition, circular strategies and associated (similar) terminologies were understood and applied in fundamentally different ways. As the CE blurs boundaries of scale and disciplines, there is a need for universal design frameworks and language. The CE concept is expanding the scope of the design process and driving the integration of new knowledge fields and skills in the design process. The successful implementation of the CE in practice is based on extensive collaboration with stakeholders and experts throughout all stages of the design process. Design agencies have addressed the CE by establishing dedicated CE research and design teams, facilitating knowledge exchange, developing their own circular strategies and methods, and striving for long-term client relationships that foster the engagement of designers with the lifecycles of designed artefacts rather than perceiving design projects as temporary endeavors. Ultimately, a holistic and integral approach towards design in a CE is needed to ensure that the underlying CE goals of contributing to sustainable development and establishing a systemic shift are ongoingly considered.}, doi = {10.1016/j.spc.2020.12.032}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85098696539} } @article{hagejard2021my, author = {Hagejärd, Sofie and Dokter, Giliam and Rahe, Ulrike and Femenías, Paula}, title = {My apartment is cold! Household perceptions of indoor climate and demand-side management in Sweden}, journal = {Energy Research and Social Science}, year = {2021}, month = {3}, volume = {73}, abstract = {Space heating represents a major share of a households’ total energy consumption and related CO2 emissions. An approach often suggested to improve both the environmental and economic performance of the energy system is demand-side management. However, there has been little research into how households perceive load shifting in space heating. This paper evaluates the thermal perception among tenants in 33 multi-residential buildings connected to district heating in Sweden. Centrally controlled load shifts were applied in eight of these buildings during a two-week trial in early winter. The participants recorded their thermal sensation and thermal satisfaction in a diary, supplemented by opening and closing surveys. The results indicated that indoor temperatures at home were generally experienced as being low, especially in the morning. Control over heating was regarded as insufficient. No statistically significant difference in thermal sensation and satisfaction between days with and without load shifts was identified. However, after the trial, significantly fewer participants than before were willing to accept greater temperature variations to save energy. The study further highlights four factors that may influence the perception and acceptance of demand-side management in residential space heating: (1) set indoor climate conditions, (2) timing and magnitude of load shifts, (3) individual control and (4) communication.}, doi = {10.1016/j.erss.2021.101948}, pubtype = {Journal article}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85100688007} } @article{alhandawi2021scalable, author = {Al Handawi, Khalil and Andersson, Petter and Panarotto, Massimo and Isaksson, Ola and Kokkolaras, Michael}, title = {Scalable Set-Based Design Optimization and Remanufacturing for Meeting Changing Requirements}, journal = {Journal of Mechanical Design}, year = {2021}, month = {2}, volume = {143}, abstract = {Design requirements are often uncertain in the early stages of product development. Set-based design is a paradigm for exploring, and keeping under consideration, several alternatives so that commitment to a single design can be delayed until requirements are settled. In addition, requirements may change over the lifetime of a component or a system. Novel manufacturing technologies may enable designs to be remanufactured to meet changed requirements. By considering this capability during the set-based design optimization process, solutions can be scaled to meet evolving requirements and customer specifications even after commitment. Such an ability can also support a circular economy paradigm based on the return of used or discarded components and systems to working condition. We propose a set-based design methodology to obtain scalable optimal solutions that can satisfy changing requirements through remanufacturing. We first use design optimization and surrogate modeling to obtain parametric optimal designs. This set of parametric optimal designs is then reduced to scalable optimal designs by observing a set of transition rules for the manufacturing process used (additive or subtractive). The methodology is demonstrated by means of a structural aeroengine component that is remanufactured by direct energy deposition of a stiffener to meet higher loading requirements.}, doi = {10.1115/1.4047908}, url = {https://re.public.polimi.it/handle/11311/1269094}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Design automation}, oaversion = {accepted}, scopusid = {85101510843} } @inproceedings{hamulczuk2021data, author = {Hamulczuk, Dominika and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Data analysis as the basis for improved design for additive manufacturing (DFAM)}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2021}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {811-820}, abstract = {Additive Manufacturing (AM) has a large potential to revolutionize the manufacturing industry, yet the printing parameters and part design have a profound impact on the robustness of the printing process as well as the resulting quality of the manufactured components. To control the printing process, a substantial number of parameters is measured while printing and used primarily to control and adjust the printing process in-situ. The question raised in this paper is how to benefit from these data being gathered to gain insight into the print process stability. The case study performed included the analysis of data gathered during printing 22 components. The analysis was performed with a widely used Random Forest Classifier. The study revealed that the data did contain some detectable patterns that can be used further in assessing the quality of the printed component, however, they were distinct enough so that in case the test and train sets were comprised of separate components the predictions’ result was very poor. The study gives a good understanding of what is necessary to do a meaningful analytics study of manufacturing data from a design perspective.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2021.81}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85117852251} } @article{borgue2021design, author = {Borgue, Olivia and Paissoni, Christopher and Panarotto, Massimo and Isaksson, Ola and Andreussi, Tommaso and Viola, Nicole}, title = {Design for test and qualification through activity-based modelling in product architecture design}, journal = {Journal of Engineering Design}, year = {2021}, month = {1}, volume = {32}, pages = {646-670}, abstract = {Test and qualification (T\&amp;Q) phases take a significant portion of the time to market for critical products in the space industry, especially when introducing new technologies. Since T\&amp;Q are treated as standard procedures, they tend to be independent of the architectural design phases and kept away from design decisions. However, when introducing new technologies, qualification procedures may differ from those established in regular design scenarios, and the estimation of qualification costs and duration is problematic. There is a lack of design for qualification methods capable of modelling these activities in early phases and use those models to support the architecture design of products with affordable test and qualification phases. In this article, a computer-assisted, model-based design method to model T\&amp;Q activities concerning early product architecture designs is proposed. Product architecture alternatives, test schedules and cost are connected through the quantification of T\&amp;Q drivers and driver rates. The design method is demonstrated using a case study about electric propulsion for satellites. The method is applicable for design situations where the choice of technology has a strong dependence on the qualification procedure. © 2021 The Author(s).}, doi = {10.1080/09544828.2021.1950656}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85110899505} } @inproceedings{watz2021exploring, author = {Watz, Matilda and Hoffenson, Steven and Hallstedt, Sophie. I.}, title = {Exploring systemic forces that influence sustainable design transitions}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2021}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {1501-1510}, abstract = {In this research some systemic forces to sustainable design are described and mapped out, along with key areas, dimensions and stakeholders. These results are visualized in a causal loop diagram (CLD), which was the outcome of a group model building approach supported by a literature review. Within the proposed system model, represented by the system-level variables and their relationships within the CLD, some potential leverage points that can help make product design better contribute to sustainability are identified and described. These can be found in the balancing and reinforcing feedback loops of the CLD as well as the mapping to societal dimensions of sustainability transitions and stakeholder groups. Among the stakeholder groups, business managers, scientific researchers and engineering designers can be tied to the design community. Future research is proposed to build on these initial results to deepen the knowledge about the systemic drivers and barriers and leverage the contribution of design practice to sustainable development.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2021.411}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85117748936} } @article{siiskonen2021pharmaceutical, author = {Siiskonen, Maria and Malmqvist, Johan and Folestad, Staffan}, title = {Pharmaceutical product modularization as a mass customization strategy to increase patient benefit cost-efficiently}, journal = {Systems}, year = {2021}, month = {1}, volume = {9}, abstract = {Customized pharmaceutical products aim to comply with the individual needs of a patient to enhance the treatment outcome. The current pharmaceutical production paradigm is, however, dominated by mass production, where the pharmaceutical products embrace a one-size-fits-all design with a low possibility of treatment optimization to patient needs. This production paradigm is not designed or intended for customized pharmaceutical products and operating this production context for customized pharmaceutical products is argued to be cost-inefficient. To address this challenge of inefficient production of customized pharmaceutical products, this study proposes an approach to modular pharmaceutical product design. As a mass customization strategy, product modularization enables serving customers with customized products cost-efficiently. The proposed modular pharmaceutical products integrate three product design requirements originating from patient needs: a scalable dose strength, a flexible target release profile, and a scalable treatment size. An approach to assess the value of these product designs is presented, by means of proposing three benefit metrics complying with respective design requirements and a cost metric assessing the cost of producing these modular pharmaceutical product designs. Results suggest that pharmaceutical product modularization can, by keeping the number of produced components low, substantially increase the external product variety and, hence, enhance the treatment outcome of patients. Furthermore, results indicate that the achieved benefit for the patient through product modularization increases beyond additional costs arising during production. However, a careful modularization must be performed to optimize the tradeoff between the increased benefit and cost.}, doi = {10.3390/systems9030059}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85112535804} } @inproceedings{kwok2021understanding, author = {Kwok, Sze Yin and Hallstedt, Sophie I. and Boeva, Veselka}, title = {Understanding customer preference: Outline of a new approach to prioritise sustainability product information}, booktitle = {Smart Innovation Systems and Technologies}, year = {2021}, month = {1}, volume = {200}, pages = {27-40}, abstract = {The communication of sustainability values shared between product developers and customers is an important catalyst for effective collaboration that inspires sustainable consumption. Despite the many tools developed for assessing and communicating the product’s sustainability performance, customers are facing difficulties in understanding product sustainability information. The knowledge gaps remain underexplored about how product sustainability information is perceived and how this impacts customer purchasing behaviour. This paper outlines a new approach, driven by both backcasting and forecasting thinking, for understanding and modelling customer preferences for product sustainability information. We report findings from a case study of a large workplace furniture manufacturer. The study explored the potential of (i) identifying prioritised sustainability attributes using sustainability design space (SDS) and (ii) applying machine learning to model customer preferences.}, doi = {10.1007/978-981-15-8131-1_3}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {85091514012} } @inproceedings{ramanujam2021barriers, author = {Ramanujam, Harshavardhan and Ravichandran, Balachandar and Nilsson, Susanne and Ivansen, Lars}, title = {Barriers and opportunities of implementing design thinking in product development process of a business to business company}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2021}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {551-560}, abstract = {Customer centricity is described as placing value creation for customers at the core of business decisions and organizational practices and is progressively regarded as a foundation of sustainable competitive advantage by companies. Hence in recent years, there is a shift from companies being product-centric to them adapting customer-centric practices as a practice to create balanced and sustainable businesses. Although there are several methods and processes that can help companies become customer-centric; Design Thinking (DT) is championed by many practitioners and academics alike as being effective in introducing customer-centricity in organizations. Despite being a highly researched topic in the last decade, the bulk of the research is focused on success stories or one-off cases of using design thinking in Business to Customer (B2C) environments. This paper is based on a qualitative study performed at a high-tech Swedish electronics company and focuses on highlighting the barriers and opportunities of adapting DT in Business to Business (B2B) companies with established product development processes. The barriers we identified can help companies to address the impediments and will make the DT implementation easier for companies}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2021.55}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85117796558} } @inproceedings{isaksson2021multi, author = {Isaksson, Ola and Kipouros, Timos and Martinsson, Julian and Panarotto, Massimo and Kressin, Jonas and Andersson, Petter and Clarkson, John P.}, title = {Multi-domain design assessment for aerospace components including weld accessibility}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2021}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {2217-2225}, abstract = {Aeroengine manufacturers need to better include assessment of risk and cost for realising the novel products needed to meet the ambitions sustainability driven targets for air transport. Radical technologies are needed that simultaneously require critical manufacturing processes to be assessed already in conceptual design. In this paper, a multi-domain framework for conceptual design and evaluation is proposed that provide the ability to interactively explore the concepts that simultaneously allow a wider range of architectures can be assessed and still include weldability of the concepts. It has been demonstrated how high level, and function driven conceptual design alternatives can be modelled and evaluated to analyse risk and resilience of architectures. Geometrical concepts generated for the most interesting regimes using design of experiments covering a desired design space. For each CAD-model the welding process can be simulated to assess feasibility and lead time for welding, and return quantified results to be included in an integrated results data set for interactive decision making. The paper is the first report from a research project that improve concurrent design of product and production concepts.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2021.483}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85117808294} } @article{bergsjo2021lean, author = {Bergsjö, Dag and Catic, Amer and Stenholm, Daniel}, title = {A lean framework for reusing knowledge: Introducing engineering checksheets}, journal = {International Journal of Product Development}, year = {2021}, month = {1}, volume = {25}, pages = {283-302}, abstract = {In this study, we have brought several knowledge management theories and practices together and have investigated the valuable aspects in each one of them. Throughout our research, we have enabled knowledge reuse to be a guiding principle and have attempted to formulate an improved method for documenting knowledge. The focus has been to create actionable and reusable knowledge presented at the right time, to the right audience in a digitally condensed format that may hopefully will lead to improved decision making, thereby potentially driving innovation and effectively reducing overall product realisation lead-time. We have explored the effect of the engineering checksheet concept in two separate case studies where it was implemented in a real-life setting. The concept showed positive results as a knowledge carrier both for reuse by experienced and novice users.}, doi = {10.1504/ijpd.2021.118010}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355053278_A_lean_framework_for_reusing_knowledge_introducing_engineering_checksheets}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Knowledge management}, oaversion = {accepted}, scopusid = {85117090826} } @article{muller2021function, author = {Muller, Jacob and Panarotto, Massimo and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Function model-based generation of CAD model variants}, journal = {Computer Aided Design and Applications}, year = {2021}, month = {1}, volume = {18}, pages = {970-989}, abstract = {Computer-Aided Design and Applications is an international journal on the applications of CAD and CAM. It publishes papers in the general domain of CAD plus in emerging fields like bio-CAD, nano-CAD, soft-CAD, garment-CAD, PLM, PDM, CAD data mining, CAD and the internet, CAD education, genetic algorithms and CAD engines. The journal is aimed at all developers and users of CAD technology to ptovide CAD solutions for various stages of design and manufacturing. The journal publishes all about Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided technologies.}, doi = {10.14733/cadaps.2021.970-989}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Design automation}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85100490747} } @inproceedings{bergsjo2021experiences, author = {Bergsjö, Dag and Catic, Amer}, title = {Experiences from starting and running a software company within the context of design research}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2021}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {1451-1459}, abstract = {This paper deals with the story and experiences of setting up a new start-up company with the ambition to scale using a software-based product. The paper is written by researchers for researchers interested in doing the same thing. The paper concludes that it can be very beneficial for research as the startup-can be seen as a data collection machine, but to set up a start-up company, comes with unforeseen problems along the way. A few of them involves: Do not rely on rational arguments (only), when marketing your product. Expect long lead-times. Work with multiple threads and secure funding early to ensure that you can finance your startup. Finally, you need to be committed, and you have to have a strategy to manage both your research and your commercial activities.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2021.406}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85117824837} } @inproceedings{carlsson2021design, author = {Carlsson, Simon and Mallalieu, Adam and Almefelt, Lars and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Design for longevity - A framework to support the designing of a product's optimal lifetime}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2021}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {1003-1012}, abstract = {Extending the lifespan of products and parts is seen as a solution in the transition towards a circular economy. There are many proposed design approaches argued to facilitate this. However, extending the lifespan of products and parts is not always desirable, and product developers should instead strive to design for a specific longevity; the product's optimal lifetime. The latter in turn depends on many various contextual factors, and this paper has identified the three main contextual factors as; the user, the business, and the resource efficiency. Considering these three appropriately can help product developers to define their product's optimal lifetime. Altogether, these components promote the mindset of Design for Longevity. Specifically, as extracted from this paper: “Design for Longevity aims at designing products with an optimal lifetime, where optimal means taking the user, the business and the resource efficiency perspectives into account when designing the life of a product”. A Design for Longevity framework is proposed and evaluated in this paper, and it is concluded that the proposed Design for Longevity framework can support product developers to implement the Design for Longevity mindset.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2021.100}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85117778371} } @inproceedings{martinsson2021exploring, author = {Martinsson, Julian and Panarotto, Massimo and Kokkolaras, Michael and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Exploring the potential of digital twin-driven design of aero-engine structures}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2021}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {1521-1528}, abstract = {As the diversity of customer needs increases within the aerospace industry, so does the need for improved design practices to reduce quality issues downstream. When designing new products, design engineers struggle with applying tolerances to features, which often leads to expensive late design iterations. To mitigate this, one aerospace company is looking to reuse tolerance deviation data yielded during manufacturing in design. In the long term these data could provide the basis for a Digital Twin that can be used for improved product development. This article explores how data from production are used today, what issues prevents such data from being exploited in the design phase, and how they potentially could be used for design purposes in the future. To understand the current situation and identify the untapped potential of production data in design, an interview study was conducted in conjunction with a literature review. In this paper the current situation and primary barriers are presented and a possible path for further research and development is suggested.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2021.413}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85117759692} } @article{villamil2021sustainabilty, author = {Villamil, Carolina and Hallstedt, Sophie}, title = {Sustainabilty integration in product portfolio for sustainable development: Findings from the industry}, journal = {Business Strategy and the Environment}, year = {2021}, month = {1}, volume = {30}, pages = {388-403}, abstract = {Many companies decide which services, products, and technologies to include in their product portfolio using evaluation criteria, which often consider cost, quality, risk, revenue, time, and market position. Incorporating sustainability in the portfolio evaluation criteria could ensure the development of sustainable solutions from the early stages of the product development process, where there is more room for innovation. The aim of this paper is to understand how sustainability can be integrated in the company portfolio development. Semi‐structured interviews were performed with experts in the field and representatives from multinational manufacturing companies with operations in Sweden. Main findings from this study include a proposed definition of a sustainability product portfolio concept and suggested portfolio evaluation criteria from an industry perspective. Future research will develop a method to guide manufacturing companies in sustainability integration and implementation in product portfolios.}, doi = {10.1002/bse.2627}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85090140081} } @inproceedings{alhandawi2021optimal, author = {Al Handawi, Khalil and Panarotto, Massimo and Andersson, Petter and Isaksson, Ola and Kokkolaras, Michael}, title = {Optimal allocation of design margins in additive remanufacturing}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference}, year = {2021}, month = {1}, volume = {3B-2021}, abstract = {Often, coping with changing requirements results in substantial overdesign, because of the ways in which design margins are allocated at the beginning of the design process. In this paper, we present a design optimization method for minimizing overdesign using additive manufacturing. We use recently defined constituents of design margins (buffer and excess) as metrics in a design optimization problem to minimize overdesign. The method can be used to obtain optimal design decisions for changing requirements. We demonstrate our method by means of a turbine rear structure design problem where changes in the temperature loads are met by depositing different types of stiffeners on the outer casing. The optimal decisions obtained by optimization minimize overdesign but ensure that requirements are met throughout the product’s lifecycle.}, doi = {10.1115/detc2021-69378}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {85119957100} } @inproceedings{borgue2021model, author = {Borgue, Olivia and Stavridis, John and Vannucci, Tomas and Stavropoulos, Panagiotis and Bikas, Harry and Di Falco, Rosa and Nyborg, Lars}, title = {Model-based design of AM components to enable decentralized digital manufacturing systems}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society}, year = {2021}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {2127-2136}, abstract = {Additive manufacturing (AM) is a versatile technology that could add flexibility in manufacturing processes, whether implemented alone or along other technologies. This technology enables on-demand production and decentralized production networks, as production facilities can be located around the world to manufacture products closer to the final consumer (decentralized manufacturing). However, the wide adoption of additive manufacturing technologies is hindered by the lack of experience on its implementation, the lack of repeatability among different manufacturers and a lack of integrated production systems. The later, hinders the traceability and quality assurance of printed components and limits the understanding and data generation of the AM processes and parameters. In this article, a design strategy is proposed to integrate the different phases of the development process into a model-based design platform for decentralized manufacturing. This platform is aimed at facilitating data traceability and product repeatability among different AM machines. The strategy is illustrated with a case study where a car steering knuckle is manufactured in three different facilities in Sweden and Italy.}, doi = {10.1017/pds.2021.474}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85117854610} } @article{schulte2020strategic, author = {Schulte, Jesko and Villamil, Carolina and Hallstedt, Sophie I.}, title = {Strategic sustainability risk management in product development companies: Key aspects and conceptual approach}, journal = {Sustainability Switzerland}, year = {2020}, month = {12}, volume = {12}, pages = {1-20}, abstract = {Society’s transition towards sustainability comes with radical change, which entails significant threats and opportunities for product development and manufacturing companies, for example related to new legislation, shifting customer preferences, and increasing raw material prices. Smart risk management therefore plays a key role for successfully maneuvering society’s sustainability transition. However, from a company perspective, it remains challenging to connect the macro-level societal change with tangible risks for the business on the micro level. Based on interviews with academic and industrial experts, this study identified 21 key aspects for sustainability risk management. Drawing on these results and research from the areas of transition design, strategic sustainable development, and sustainability risk management, a conceptual approach for strategic risk management within the sustainability transition is presented. It builds on layered, double-flow scenario modelling in which backcasting from a vision, framed by basic principles for sustainability, is combined with forecasting from the present. The implications of such scenarios, i.e., risks, can then be identified and managed. By doing so on different scales, connections between macro- and micro-level change can be established. Thereby, product development companies shall be supported in making sustainability an intrinsic part of decision-making across the strategic, tactical, and operational levels to increase competitiveness while contributing to the transition towards a sustainable society.}, doi = {10.3390/su122410531}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85098212880} } @article{eckert2020data, author = {Eckert, Claudia and Isaksson, Ola and Eckert, Calandra and Coeckelbergh, Mark and Hagström, Malin Hane}, title = {Data fairy in engineering land: The magic of data analysis as a sociotechnical process in engineering companies}, journal = {Journal of Mechanical Design}, year = {2020}, month = {12}, volume = {142}, abstract = {In the era of digitalization, manufacturing companies expect their growing access to data to lead to improvements and innovations. Manufacturing engineers will have to collaborate with data scientists to analyze the ever-increasing volume of data. This process of adopting data science techniques into an engineering organization is a sociotechnical process fraught with challenges. This article uses a participant observation case study to investigate and discuss the sociotechnical nature of the adoption data science technology into an engineering organization. In the case study, a young data scientist/statistician interacted with experienced production engineers in a global automotive organization to mutual satisfaction. However, the case study highlights the mis-aligned expectations between engineers and data scientists and knowledge in what is necessary to successfully benefit from manufacturing process data. The results reveal that the engineers had an initially romantic and idealistic view on how data scientists can bring value out of dispersed and complex information residing in the multisite manufacturing organization’s datasets in a “magic” way. Conversely, the data scientist had not enough engineering and contextual understanding to ask the right questions. The case reveals important shortcomings in the sociotechnical processes that undergo changes as digitalization is brought into mature engineering organizations and points to a lack of knowledge on multiple levels of the data analysis process and the ethical implications this could have.}, doi = {10.1115/1.4047813}, url = {https://oro.open.ac.uk/71264/}, pubtype = {Journal article}, oaversion = {accepted}, scopusid = {85107426350} } @article{hallstedt2020need, author = {Hallstedt, Sophie and Isaksson, Ola and Öhrwall Rönnbäck, Anna}, title = {The need for new product development capabilities from digitalization, sustainability, and servitization trends}, journal = {Sustainability Switzerland}, year = {2020}, month = {12}, volume = {12}, pages = {1-26}, abstract = {Apparent from the latest pandemic, the dynamics and rate of change in society accelerate on a global scale. Ongoing mega-trends in society, such as digitalization, sustainability, and servitization, fundamentally changes the conditions for manufacturers when developing and providing new products. This study clarifies the combined impact and consequences on product development capabilities in manufacturing firms of the three mega-trends: (i) digitalization, (ii) sustainability, and (iii) servitization. The research is based on a pre-study, complemented with a semi-structured interview study at small, medium-sized, and large Swedish-based manufacturing companies, and a systematic literature review. The research makes evident that the main challenge is to empower engineers and development teams to model, present, evaluate, and develop expected and smart digitalized solutions in a time-limited environment and prioritize the most resource efficient and sustainable solution. Therefore, four complementary support resources are suggested: (i) a knowledge management platform, (ii) a data management platform, (iii) a set of criteria and metrics measuring progression, and (iv) support methods and tools to define, model, and evaluate solutions. When integrated into a digital platform, developers can simultaneously access and process the necessary information needed for sustainable, digitalized, and servitized solutions.}, doi = {10.3390/su122310222}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85097409493} } @article{muller2020design, author = {Müller, Jakob R. and Panarotto, Massimo and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Design space exploration of a jet engine component using a combined object model for function and geometry}, journal = {Aerospace}, year = {2020}, month = {12}, volume = {7}, pages = {1-18}, abstract = {The design of aircraft and engine components hinges on the use of computer aided design (CAD) models and the subsequent geometry-based analyses for evaluation of the quality of a concept. However, the generation (and variation) of CAD models to include radical or novel design solutions is a resource intense modelling effort. While approaches to automate the generation and variation of CAD models exist, they neglect the capture and representation of the product’s design rationale—what the product is supposed to do. The design space exploration approach Function and Geometry Exploration (FGE) aims to support the exploration of more functionally and geometrically different product concepts under consideration of not only geometrical, but also teleological aspects. The FGE approach has been presented and verified in a previous presentation. However, in order to contribute to engineering design practice, a design method needs to be validated through application in industrial practice. Hence, this publication reports from a study where the FGE approach has been applied by a design team of a Swedish aerospace manufacturers in a conceptual product development project. Conceptually different alternatives were identified in order to meet the expected functionality of a guide vane (GV). The FGE was introduced and applied in a series of workshops. Data was collected through participatory observation in the design teams by the researchers, as well as interviews and questionnaires. The results reveal the potential of the FGE approach as a design support to: (1) Represent and capture the design rationale and the design space; (2) capture, integrate and model novel solutions; and (3) provide support for the embodiment of novel concepts that would otherwise remain unexplored. In conclusion, the FGE method supports designers to articulate and link the design rationale, including functional requirements and alternative solutions, to geometrical features of the product concepts. The method supports the exploration of alternative solutions as well as functions. However, scalability and robustness of the generated CAD models remain subject to further research.}, doi = {10.3390/aerospace7120173}, pubtype = {Journal article}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85097814780} } @article{bonham2020designing, author = {Bonham, Euan and McMaster, Kerr and Thomson, Emma and Panarotto, Massimo and Müller, Jakob Ramon and Isaksson, Ola and Johansson, Emil}, title = {Designing and integrating a digital thread system for customized additive manufacturing in multi-partner kayak production}, journal = {Systems}, year = {2020}, month = {12}, volume = {8}, pages = {1-17}, abstract = {Additive manufacturing (AM) opens the vision of decentralised and individualised manufacturing, as a tailored product can be manufactured in proximity to the customers with minimal physical infrastructure required. Consequently, the digital infrastructure and systems solution becomes substantially more complex. There is always a need to design the entire digital system so that different partners (or stakeholders) access correct and relevant information and even support design iterations despite the heterogenous digital environments involved. This paper describes how the design and integration of a digital thread for AM can be approached. A system supporting a digital thread for AM kayak production has been designed and integrated in collaboration with a kayak manufacturer and a professional collaborative product lifecycle management (PLM) software and service provider. From the demonstrated system functionality, three key lessons learnt are clarified: (1) The need for developing a process model of the physical and digital flow in the early stages, (2) the separation between the data to be shared and the processing of data to perform each parties’ task, and (3) the development of an ad-hoc digital application for the involvement of new stakeholders in the AM digital flow, such as final users. The application of the digital thread system was demonstrated through a test of the overall concept by manufacturing a functional and individually customised kayak, printed remotely using AM (composed of a biocomposite containing 20\% wood-based fibre).}, doi = {10.3390/systems8040043}, pubtype = {Journal article}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85097811306} } @article{panarotto2020modelling, author = {Panarotto, Massimo and Borgue, Olivia and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Modelling flexibility and qualification ability to assess electric propulsion architectures for satellite megaconstellations}, journal = {Aerospace}, year = {2020}, month = {12}, volume = {7}, pages = {1-20}, abstract = {The higher satellite production rates expected in new megaconstellation scenarios involve radical changes in the way design trade-offs need to be considered by electric propulsion companies. In relative comparison, flexibility and qualification ability will have a higher impact in megaconstellations compared to traditional businesses. For these reasons, this paper proposes a methodology for assessing flexible propulsion architectures by taking into account variations in market behavior and qualification activities. Through the methodology, flexibility and qualification ability can be traded against traditional engineering attributes (such as functional performances) in a quantitative way. The use of the methodology is illustrated through an industrial case related to the study of xenon vs. krypton architectures for megaconstellation businesses. This paper provides insights on how to apply the methodology in other case studies, in order to enable engineering teams to present and communicate the impact of alternative architectural concepts to program managers and decision-makers.}, doi = {10.3390/aerospace7120176}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85097820864} } @inproceedings{dokter2020cards, author = {Dokter, G and Stijn, A Van and Thuvander, L and Rahe, U}, title = {Cards for circularity: Towards circular design in practice}, booktitle = {Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science}, year = {2020}, month = {11}, volume = {588}, abstract = {The transition towards a Circular Economy (CE) in the built environment is crucial to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Theoretical frameworks and methods for circular design have been developed. Yet, there is a lack of knowledge on circular design in practice and how circular design thinking can be supported. This study aims to provide insights on circular design in practice and how this can be supported through circular design methods. First, we reviewed existing circular design methods and developed a card-based circular design tool. Next, an interactive survey and design workshop using the tool was carried out with 12 design experts to gather knowledge on circular design in practice. Finally, we derive key learnings that can support the development of circular design methods and advancement of CE in practice. Overall, circular design remains highly conceptual and is challenging due to the interconnectedness of parameters and temporal aspects such as product life cycle. Designers need ways of educating and convincing stakeholders on the value and feasibility of circular design. Advancing the CE in practice requires circular design methods that help to contextualize the design process and reduce complexity, and examples are needed of how CE can be implemented in practice.}, doi = {10.1088/1755-1315/588/4/042043}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85097200082} } @article{arnarsson2020modeling, author = {Arnarsson, Ívar Örn and Gustavsson, Emil and Jirstrand, Mats and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Modeling industrial engineering change processes using the design structure matrix for sequence analysis: A comparison of multiple projects}, journal = {Design Science}, year = {2020}, month = {11}, volume = {6}, abstract = {The problem at hand is that vast amount of data on industrial changes is captured and stored; yet the present challenge is to systematically retrieve and use them in a purposeful way. This paper presents an industrial case study where complex product development processes are modeled using the design structure matrix (DSM) to analyze engineering change requests sequences. Engineering change requests are documents used to initiate a change process to enhance a product. Due to the amount of changes made in different projects, engineers want to be able to analyze these change processes to identify patterns and propose the best practices. The previous work has not specifically explored modeling engineering change requests in a DSM to holistically analyze sequences. This case study analyzes engineering change request sequences from four recent industrial product development projects and compares patterns among them. In the end, this research can help to identify and guide process improvement work within projects.}, doi = {10.1017/dsj.2020.4}, pubtype = {Journal article}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85082539288} } @article{bertoni2020integration, author = {Bertoni, Alessandro and Hallstedt, Sophie I. and Dasari, Siva Krishna and Andersson, Petter}, title = {Integration of value and sustainability assessment in design space exploration by machine learning: An aerospace application}, journal = {Design Science}, year = {2020}, month = {11}, volume = {6}, abstract = {The use of decision-making models in the early stages of the development of complex products and technologies is a well-established practice in industry. Engineers rely on well-established statistical and mathematical models to explore the feasible design space and make early decisions on future design configurations. At the same time, researchers in both value-driven design and sustainable product development areas have stressed the need to expand the design space exploration by encompassing value and sustainability-related considerations. A portfolio of methods and tools for decision support regarding value and sustainability integration has been proposed in literature, but very few have seen an integration in engineering practices. This paper proposes an approach, developed and tested in collaboration with an aerospace subsystem manufacturer, featuring the integration of value-driven design and sustainable product development models in the established practices for design space exploration. The proposed approach uses early simulation results as input for value and sustainability models, automatically computing value and sustainability criteria as an integral part of the design space exploration. Machine learning is applied to deal with the different levels of granularity and maturity of information among early simulations, value models, and sustainability models, as well as for the creation of reliable surrogate models for multidimensional design analysis. The paper describes the logic and rationale of the proposed approach and its application to the case of a turbine rear structure for commercial aircraft engines. Finally, the paper discusses the challenges of the approach implementation and highlights relevant research directions across the value-driven design, sustainable product development, and machine learning research fields.}, doi = {10.1017/dsj.2019.29}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85078015955} } @article{faludi2020research, author = {Faludi, Jeremy and Hoffenson, Steven and Kwok, Sze Yin and Saidani, Michael and Hallstedt, Sophie I. and Telenko, Cassandra and Martinez, Victor}, title = {A research roadmap for sustainable design methods and tools}, journal = {Sustainability Switzerland}, year = {2020}, month = {10}, volume = {12}, abstract = {Sustainable design methods and tools abound, but their implementation in practice remains marginal. This article brings together results from previous literature reviews and analyses of sustainable design methods and tools, as well as input from design researchers and professional practitioners to identify the needs and gaps in the area. It results in a shared vision of how sustainable design methods and tools can be more tightly integrated into mainstream product design and development, as well as the current state of practice and research in relation to four central questions: What are the needs and values of industry regarding sustainable design? What improvements in sustainable design methods and tools would most drive industry forward? How should researchers move forward with developing more useful sustainable design methods and tools? How can sustainable design be more effectively integrated into industry? A roadmap for the international sustainable design research community is proposed with descriptions of short-, medium-, and long-term tasks for addressing each question. The purpose is to support collective progress and discussions on method and tool development and adoption, and to enable more tangible success in mainstreaming sustainable design practices in industry.}, doi = {10.3390/su12198174}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85092635706} } @article{lawand2020dynamic, author = {Lawand, Lydia and Panarotto, Massimo and Andersson, Petter and Isaksson, Ola and Kokkolaras, Michael}, title = {Dynamic lifecycle cost modeling for adaptable design optimization of additively remanufactured aeroengine components}, journal = {Aerospace}, year = {2020}, month = {8}, volume = {7}, abstract = {Additive manufacturing (AM) is being used increasingly for repair and remanufacturing of aeroengine components. This enables the consideration of a design margin approach to satisfy changing requirements, in which component lifespan can be optimized for different lifecycle scenarios. This paradigm requires lifecycle cost (LCC) modeling; however, the LCC models available in the literature consider mostly the manufacturing of a component, not its repair or remanufacturing. There is thus a need for an LCC model that can consider AM for repair/remanufacturing to quantify corresponding costs and benefits. This paper presents a dynamic LCC model that estimates cumulative costs over the in-service phase and a nested design optimization problem formulation that determines the optimal component lifespan range to minimize overall cost while maximizing performance. The developed methodology is demonstrated by means of an aeroengine turbine rear structure.}, doi = {10.3390/aerospace7080110}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85089775774} } @article{brahma2020margin, author = {Brahma, Arindam and Wynn, David C.}, title = {Margin value method for engineering design improvement}, journal = {Research in Engineering Design}, year = {2020}, month = {7}, volume = {31}, pages = {353-381}, abstract = {Margin occurs where a design is overspecified with respect to the minimum required. Margin may be desirable to mitigate risk and absorb future changes, but at the same time, may be undesirable if the overspecification deteriorates the design's performance. In this article, the margin value method (MVM) is introduced to analyse an engineering design, localise the excess margin, and quantify it considering change absorption potential in relation to design performance deterioration. The method provides guidance for improving a design by prioritising excess margin that provides relatively little advantage at high cost, and that could, therefore, be eliminated to improve design performance. It shows how the value of excess margin depends on its localisation in the design parameter network, the importance of design performance parameters, and the importance of absorbing potential future changes. The method is applied to a belt conveyor design. This case indicates that the method is practicable, reveals implications, and suggests opportunities for further work.}, doi = {10.1007/s00163-020-00335-8}, url = {https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/bitstreams/45afe3da-bedb-42ae-b381-3aca9abbb82a/download}, pubtype = {Journal article}, oaversion = {accepted}, scopusid = {85082805132} } @article{siiskonen2020integrated, author = {Siiskonen, Maria and Malmqvist, Johan and Folestad, Staffan}, title = {Integrated product and manufacturing system platforms supporting the design of personalized medicines}, journal = {Journal of Manufacturing Systems}, year = {2020}, month = {7}, volume = {56}, pages = {281-295}, abstract = {Pharmaceutical product customization, a prerequisite for personalized medicines, is currently a widely researched topic. Patient characteristics can be mapped and translated into parameters for designing patients' individual treatment, i.e., the dosage form. However, current pharmaceutical manufacturing is dominated by mass production and lacks the capability and flexibility required to produce customized products. Mass customization is a proven successful approach in, for example, the manufacturing industry and thus has been discussed as an enabler for pharmaceutical product customization but has never been fully explored in a pharmaceutical context. Inspired by mass customization approaches in the manufacturing industry, this study proposes a novel methodology to develop integrated product and manufacturing system platforms for pharmaceutical products supporting a mass customization paradigm. The proposed methodology establishes sets of product and manufacturing system platform variants and suggests an approach to feasible platform design selection. The applicability of the proposed methodology is illustrated for diabetes treatment as a selected case example. Integrated platform designs are developed for the conventional treatment of a fully integral tablet design and for a design enabling product customization with a modularized tablet design. The manufacturing platforms are still embracing a mass production design in the methodology illustration and should elicit knowledge on the utility of the current production design in a mass customization context. The performance and utility of the respective platform are assessed in terms of production cost and patient benefit. The results suggest a substantial increase in patient benefit afforded by the modularized tablet design, however the production cost is increased. This trade-off between the production cost and patient benefit thus calls for novel manufacturing system concepts to achieve the feasible manufacturing of customized pharmaceutical products.}, doi = {10.1016/j.jmsy.2020.06.016}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {85087283310} } @phdthesis{muller2020does, author = {Müller, Jakob}, title = {Does Form follow Function? Connecting Function Modelling and Geometry Modelling for Design Space Exploration}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The aerospace industry, representative of industries developing complex products, faces challenges from changes in user behaviour, legislation, environmental policy. Meeting these challenges will require the development of radically new products. Radically new technologies and solutions need to be explored, investigated, and integrated into existing aerospace component architectures. The currently available design space exploration (DSE) methods, mainly based around computer-aided design (CAD) modelling, do not provide sufficient support for this exploration. These methods often lack a representation of the product’s architecture in relation to its design rationale (DR)—they do not illustrate how form follows function. Hence, relations between different functions and solutions, as well as how novel ideas relate to the legacy design, are not captured. In particular, the connection between a product’s function and the embodiment of its solution is not captured in the applied product modelling approaches, and can therefore not be used in the product development process.To alleviate this situation, this thesis presents a combined function and geometry-modelling approach with automated generation of CAD models for variant concepts. The approach builds on enhanced function means (EF-M) modelling for representation of the design space and the legacy design’s position in it. EF-M is also used to capture novel design solutions and reference them to the legacy design’s architecture. A design automation (DA) approach based on modularisation of the CAD model, which in turn is based on the functional decomposition of the product concepts, is used to capture geometric product information. A combined function-geometry object model captures the relations between functions, solutions, and geometry. This allows for CAD models of concepts based on alternative solutions to be generated.The function- and geometry-exploration (FGE) approach has been developed and tested in collaboration with an aerospace manufacturing company. A proof-of-concept tool implementing the approach has been realised. The approach has been validated for decomposition, innovation, and embodiment of new concepts in multiple studies involving three different aerospace suppliers. Application of FGE provides knowledge capture and representation, connecting the teleological and geometric aspects of the product. Furthermore, it supports the exploration of increasingly novel solutions, enabling the coverage of a wider area of the design space.The connection between the modelling domains addresses a research gap for the “integration of function architectures with CAD models”.While the FGE approach has been tested in laboratory environments as well as in applied product development projects, further development is needed to refine CAD integration and user experience and integrate additional modelling domains.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/520355}, isbn = {978-91-7905-412-0}, type = {Doctoral thesis}, pubtype = {Doctoral thesis}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, openaccess = {true} } @article{noruzi2020holistic, author = {Noruzi, Farhad and Stenholm, Daniel and Sjögren, Peter and Bergsjö, Dag}, title = {A holistic model for inter-plant knowledge transfer within an international manufacturing network}, journal = {Journal of Knowledge Management}, year = {2020}, month = {5}, volume = {24}, pages = {535-552}, abstract = {Purpose This paper aims to provide a holistic view to support the choice of appropriate strategy for conducting a knowledge transfer (KT) project in an international manufacturing network (IMN) environment. It proposes a model that includes multiple aspects of a KT project along with guidelines on each aspect. Design/methodology/approach To achieve the research goals, multiple case study method was adopted. Data have been collected by conducting semi-structured interviews regarding five KT projects in three multinational corporations. Data were triangulated by means of comparisons to complementary data acquired through observations and archival documents. Findings The results of this paper detail the key issues of five KT projects. Furthermore, the paper proposes an aggregated model comprising the main aspects and strategies for a KT project within an IMN. Research limitations/implications Despite the abundant research on KT area, not many research projects provide holistic views on KT process. The focus has rather been sectional and concentrated on each specific aspect within the KT. Practical implications The paper guides practitioners to identify multiple aspects in KT that will eventually increase the odds for successfully performing such projects. Originality/value The proposed learning network model improves the performance of KT projects by providing a holistic view including several factors that the organization should emphasize to succeed with inter-plant KT.}, doi = {10.1108/jkm-10-2017-0473}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Knowledge management}, scopusid = {85047880399} } @article{watz2020profile, author = {Watz, Matilda and Hallstedt, Sophie I.}, title = {Profile model for management of sustainability integration in engineering design requirements}, journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production}, year = {2020}, month = {2}, volume = {247}, abstract = {This research provides insights into how sustainability considerations in engineering product design can be addressed through early stages of requirement management processes. Five key elements for successful implementation of sustainable product development from a requirement management perspective are presented, demonstrating how organisational sustainability maturity can be linked to the design and structure of a company's operational management system. Through a thematic analysis of fifteen interviews with representatives from seven Swedish product developing-and manufacturing companies, critical activities and roles, examples of methods and tools utilisation and implementation, together with challenges and opportunities were identified. This empirical data was used to develop, test and refine a model in which key characteristics of sustainable product design and engineering design were coupled, resulting in a profile model for management of sustainability in requirements. Product developing companies can use the profile model as guidance towards necessary actions that enhance organisational sustainability maturity. Motivated by a low uptake rate of sustainability design tools in industry, this study brings attention to organisational capabilities for successful implementation of sustainable product development. As a lack of traceability is a potential cause, strategic socioecological contextualisation of needs is suggested to improve the chain of decision making in engineering design projects. The guiding research question was ‘What are sustainability requirements and how are they identified and managed in design projects?’. The main contribution is a proposed conceptualised model that aims to support design teams to identify and manage sustainability in requirements for engineering design projects. Future studies will test and validate the model.}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119155}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337053501_Profile_model_for_management_of_sustainability_integration_in_engineering_design_requirements}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, oaversion = {published}, scopusid = {85075431455} } @article{vaitukaitis2020water, author = {Vaitukaitis, Povilas and Maggiolo, Dario and Remmelgas, Johan and Abrahmsén-Alami, Susanna and Bernin, Diana and Siiskonen, Maria and Malmqvist, Johan and Sasic, Srdjan and Sardina, Gaetano}, title = {Water transport and absorption in pharmaceutical tablets – a numerical study}, journal = {Meccanica}, year = {2020}, month = {2}, volume = {55}, pages = {421-433}, abstract = {The quality of a coated pharmaceutical tablet can be strongly affected by the interactions of water droplets with the porous substrate during processes such as coating process. Three different mechanisms co-exist in the coating process: water spreading, absorption and evaporation. Disentangling the fundamental understanding of these phenomena can therefore be crucial for achieving a higher quality of the products (e.g. a longer shelf-life of the tablets) and for controlling the efficiency of the process. This paper aims to investigate the spreading and absorption mechanisms after droplet impingement on a tablet using a Lattice-Boltzmann methodology. Our numerical results (droplet height and spreading, penetration depth and absorbed volume) are in a good agreement with experimental data and numerical simulations available in the literature. In particular, the spreading phase is characterised by the capillary spreading time scale, as confirmed by previous studies. In contrast to previous studies, we find that the absorption process begins at times shorter than the capillary spreading time but with a different power-law in the absorbed volume. We explain this behaviour through a modified Washburn law that takes into account three-dimensional effects. Our data can be used as a benchmark to test novel mathematical models.}, doi = {10.1007/s11012-019-01103-2}, pubtype = {Journal article}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85076732346} } @article{kohnradberg2020cdio, author = {Kohn Rådberg, Kamilla and Lundqvist, Ulrika and Malmqvist, Johan and Hagvall Svensson, Oskar}, title = {From CDIO to challenge-based learning experiences–expanding student learning as well as societal impact?}, journal = {European Journal of Engineering Education}, year = {2020}, month = {1}, volume = {45}, pages = {22-37}, abstract = {Challenge-based learning (CBL) is a multidisciplinary approach that encourages students to work actively with peers, teachers and stakeholders in society to identify complex challenges, formulate relevant questions and take action for sustainable development. In this paper, it is argued that CBL can be viewed as an evolution of the Conceive, Design, Implement, Operate concept, expanding as well as deepening the learning experience. The study reported on investigates the multiple aims of a particular CBL environment (the Challenge Lab at Chalmers University of Technology), which are to combine significant student learning and societal transformation. The results show that the students perceive that they have developed deep skills in problem formulation and sustainable development, as well as working across disciplines and with different stakeholders. Moreover, the study shows that although few student projects reach implementation stage, there is a potential for societal impact both during and after the Challenge Lab learning experience.}, doi = {10.1080/03043797.2018.1441265}, pubtype = {Journal article}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85042373339} } @article{edstrom2020scholarly, author = {Edström, Kristina and Malmqvist, Johan and Roslöf, Janne}, title = {Scholarly development of engineering education–the CDIO approach}, journal = {European Journal of Engineering Education}, year = {2020}, month = {1}, volume = {45}, pages = {1-3}, abstract = {This special issue is the result of an open call for submissions reflecting on and reporting insights from experiences to improve education with the CDIO approach. They provide scholarly contributions advancing the topical research as well as inspiring further improvement of educational practices in different contexts. The eight selected articles are examples of engineering education research and development within the domains of the CDIO Initiative. We present the papers grouped under headings that highlight the different perspectives and levels that are represented in the CDIO community.}, doi = {10.1080/03043797.2020.1704361}, pubtype = {Editorial}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85077683611} } @inproceedings{martinsson2020automatic, author = {Martinsson, Julian and Borgue, Olivia and Panarotto, Massimo and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Automatic geometry alteration when designing for metal additive manufacturing}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Norddesign 2020 Conference Norddesign 2020}, year = {2020}, month = {1}, abstract = {On the last decades, the space industry has been interested in implementing metal additive manufacturing. However, the transition from traditional to additive manufacturing technologies requires designers to consider new design and manufacturing constraints. A limitation for the implementation of additive manufacturing is the need for support structures which increase material consumption and post processing time. In this article, a software was created to automatically modify product geometry to reduce the need for support structures.}, doi = {10.35199/norddesign2020.8}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/42508/automatic_geometry_alteration_when_designing_for_metal_additive_manufacturing}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Design automation}, scopusid = {85094655119} } @inproceedings{hagstrom2020evaluating, author = {Hagström, M. Hane and Gandhi, K. and Bergsjö, D. and Skoogh, A.}, title = {Evaluating the effectiveness of machine acquisitions and design by the impact on maintenance cost – A case study}, booktitle = {IFAC Papersonline}, year = {2020}, month = {1}, volume = {53}, pages = {25-30}, abstract = {Industry 4.0 and circular economy are paradigm shifts for the industry. More and more machines will be used and the capability to maintain the machines becomes vital. The maintainability of a machine is to a large extent set already in the design phase; the goal of this article is to use a case study to investigate the quality of the machine design from a maintenance perspective. The results show that maintenance cost is gradually increasing in the initial part of the machine life cycle, that the new machines have higher maintenance costs than the machines approaching end of life, and that design weakness is a significant contributor to the maintenance cost. To understand more clearly why, further research in knowledge management, complementary qualitative interviews and smart maintenance is suggested.}, doi = {10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.11.005}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85105553667} } @article{eckert2020design, author = {Eckert, Claudia and Isaksson, Ola and Lebjioui, Safaa and Earl, Christopher F. and Edlund, Stefan}, title = {Design margins in industrial practice}, journal = {Design Science}, year = {2020}, month = {1}, volume = {6}, abstract = {As products are being developed over time and across organisations, the risk for unintended accumulation and mis-conception of margins allocated may occur. Accumulation of margins can result in over design, but also add risk due to under allocation. This paper describes the different terminology used in one organisation and shows the different roles margins play across the design process and in particular the how margins are a critical but often overlooked aspect of product platform design. The research was conducted in close collaboration with a truck manufacturer between 2013 and 2018. The objective was to gain understanding of the current use of margins, and associated concepts evolve along the product life cycle, across organisation and product platform representations. It was found that margins already play an important role throughout the entire design process; however, it is not recognised as a unified concept which is clearly communicated and tracked throughout the design process. Rather different stakeholders have different notions of margins and do not disclose the rationale behind adding margins or the amount that they have added. Margins also enabled designers to avoid design changes as existing components and systems can accommodate new requirements and thereby saving significant design time.}, doi = {10.1017/dsj.2020.19}, pubtype = {Journal article}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85096324549} } @article{ternell2020public, author = {Ternell, Anna and Nilsson, Anders M. and Ohlén, Björn and Stenholm, Daniel and Bergsjö, Dag}, title = {Public-private partnerships for multifunctional sustainable land use in peri-urban areas to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change}, journal = {Ecocycles}, year = {2020}, month = {1}, volume = {6}, pages = {73-90}, abstract = {Climate change increases the risk of damage caused by storms, insects and fungi in agriculture and forestry. Multifunctional sustainable land use, including a more diversified agriculture and forestry sector in terms of biodiversity, is one way to create resilience and meet these climate risks. For example, a forest with trees of different ages and of several species is more resistant to these risks. Multifunctional refers to how the same land can provide food and wood products, but also job creation, recreation and be a provider of ecosystem services such as pollination, erosion protection and biodiversity. Research shows that there is a large acceptance for a more varied forest sector and diversified agriculture. In recent years, urban farming has received widespread understanding on its many advantages, including a sense of belonging and meaning, other than food production. In this article the authors try to assess a scenario when these initiatives become commercial and when the urban farming trend meets traditional forms of agriculture and forestry. Furthermore, the large potential of developing public-private partnerships for multifunctional sustainable land use in peri-urban areas in the Swedish City of Gothenburg and its surrounding area is analysed, based on experiences from ongoing initiatives. Developed within the framework of Climate KIC Accelerator Project, a business model is presented allowing for a long-term sustainability of initiatives.}, doi = {10.19040/ecocycles.v6i2.180}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85143791725} } @inproceedings{isaksson2020you, author = {Isaksson, O. and Eckert, C. and Panarotto, M. and Malmqvist, J.}, title = {YOU NEED to FOCUS to VALIDATE}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society Design Conference}, year = {2020}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {31-40}, abstract = {Many research students find challenges when validating their research. Especially when they have expectations to contribute to both practice and the research body of knowledge. This paper argues that a key to successful validation of design research lies in the ability to focus on what to validate in advance of how to validate. The paper provide a set of guidelines to support a discussion on how to converge to a claim that actually can be validated. The paper reports on experiences from PhD level course on validation in design research.}, doi = {10.1017/dsd.2020.116}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85107749170} } @inproceedings{watz2020group, author = {Watz, M. and Hallstedt, S. I.}, title = {GROUP MODEL BUILDING with CAUSAL LOOP DIAGRAMS to FOSTER CAPABILITIES for SUSTAINABLE DESIGN and PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society Design Conference}, year = {2020}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {2207-2216}, abstract = {This research proposes a group model building workshop method that uses causal loop diagrams to foster capabilities for sustainable product development based on feedback and observations from several cases. The method's potential to enhance sustainability system thinking skills and to identify relationships between sustainability criteria and traditionally identified requirements is evaluated. The method can trigger discussion, visualize complexity and dependencies of sustainable design problems. Other application areas are e.g., sustainability training for practicing engineers and students.}, doi = {10.1017/dsd.2020.53}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85093102751} } @inproceedings{chalmersuniversityoftechnologyandgonzalezcastro2020analysing, author = {Chalmers University of Technology and Gonzalez Castro, Sabela and Panarotto, Massimo and Borgue, Olivia and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Analysing increase of functionality and complexity in integrated product architectures}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Norddesign 2020 Conference Norddesign 2020}, year = {2020}, month = {1}, abstract = {Nowadays, product designers find difficulties and uncertainties when assessing how complex a product will be when introducing new functionalities or when integrating multiple functionalities into a single component. In this paper, the impact of functionality on complexity is quantitatively analyzed in two different case studies: one regarding a set of valves to study how complexity is affected when adding new functionalities, and another one related to three alternative designs of computer mice that features different degrees of functional integration.}, doi = {10.35199/norddesign2020.16}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/42516/analysing_increase_of_functionality_and_complexity_in_integrated_product_architectures}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, scopusid = {85094683094} } @inproceedings{muller2020lessons, author = {Müller, J. R. and Siiskonen, M. D. I. and Malmqvist, J.}, title = {LESSONS LEARNED from the APPLICATION of ENHANCED FUNCTION-MEANS MODELLING}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society Design Conference}, year = {2020}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {1325-1334}, abstract = {Although well researched and praised in academic publications, function modelling (FM) does not have gained much traction in industrial application. To investigate into possible reasons for this, this publication researches literature of nine different projects where enhanced function-means modelling has been applied. The projects are analysed for their purpose of FM-use, applied benefits and discovered challenges of the FM approach. From this, the main challenges for FM application are the abstraction level of the modelling language as well as the lack of an interface to CAD modelling.}, doi = {10.1017/dsd.2020.87}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85097829042} } @inproceedings{borgue2020supporting, author = {Borgue, O. and Valjak, F. and Panarotto, M. and Isaksson, O.}, title = {SUPPORTING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT through CONSTRAINT MODELLING in EARLY CONCEPTUAL DESIGN: A SATELLITE PROPULSION CASE STUDY}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society Design Conference}, year = {2020}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {817-826}, abstract = {Function and constraints modelling are implemented to design two gridded ion thrusters for additive manufacturing (AM). One concept takes advantage of AM design freedom, disregarding AM limitations and is not feasible. The other concept considers AM limitations and is manufacturable and feasible. Constraints modelling highlights AM capabilities that can be improved, showing where future investment is needed. Constraints representation can also support the creation of technology development roadmaps able to identify areas of AM technologies that must be improved.}, doi = {10.1017/dsd.2020.289}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85106904780} } @inproceedings{scurati2020raising, author = {Scurati, G. W. and Nylander, J. W. and Hallstedt, S. I. and Ferrise, F. and Bertoni, M.}, title = {RAISING VALUE and SUSTAINABILITY AWARENESS for CRITICAL MATERIALS: A SERIOUS GAME for the AEROSPACE SECTOR}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society Design Conference}, year = {2020}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {737-746}, abstract = {Aviation strives today to include environmental and social considerations as drivers for decision making in design. This paper proposes a serious game to raise awareness of the value and cost implications of being ‘sustainability compliant’ when developing aerospace sub-systems and components. After describing the development of the game, from needfinding to prototyping and testing, the paper discusses the results from verification activities with practitioners, revealing the ability of the game to raise sustainability awareness and support negotiation across disciplinary boundaries in design.}, doi = {10.1017/dsd.2020.86}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85099552138} } @article{stenholm2020barriers, author = {Stenholm, Daniel and Bergsjö, Dag}, title = {Barriers to reuse of codified engineering knowledge in product development - A literature review}, journal = {International Journal of Product Lifecycle Management}, year = {2020}, month = {1}, volume = {12}, pages = {307-328}, abstract = {Organisations have for a long time been applying a codification strategy, to build and reuse engineering knowledge throughout product development and the product lifecycle. Billions of dollars have been invested in systems to support knowledge capture, including investments in IT systems and upgrades to PDM/PLM systems to support knowledge codification (documentation) and reuse. Nonetheless, research has shown that knowledge documentation is not used to the extent possible and quality issues within products that should be avoided still occur. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to review barriers that hinder valuable and effective codified knowledge reuse inside high technology product development companies. The study resulted in the identification of 18 barriers mapped into the typology of people, organisation and technology. The study contributes by providing insights for the design and implementation of knowledge management systems (KMS) allowing practitioners to develop strategies to overcome identified potential barriers and improve the engineering knowledge reuse strategy. The paper is also rounded up with a discussion regarding the KMS relation and potential integration with a PDM or PLM system.}, doi = {10.1504/ijplm.2020.112773}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349024652_Barriers_to_reuse_of_codified_engineering_knowledge_in_product_development_-_a_literature_review}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Knowledge management}, oaversion = {accepted}, scopusid = {85100403456} } @inproceedings{villamilvelasquez2020information, author = {Villamil Velasquez, C. and Salehi, N. and Hallstedt, S. I.}, title = {HOW CAN INFORMATION and COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY SUPPORT the LINK between CIRCULAR ECONOMY and PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT? - A REVIEW}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society Design Conference}, year = {2020}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {2187-2196}, abstract = {Linear production is related to resource scarcity and negative environmental impacts. Circular Economy (CE) emerged for society transition towards sustainability, based on regenerative systems and multiple life cycle products. Product Life cycle Management (PLM) supports the whole life cycle with the aid of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). A literature review analyzed the role of ICT enabling CE based on PLM, identifying challenges and opportunities, active and passive PLM, system perspective, stakeholder's role, and sustainability. Concluding that ICT enables the CE transition.}, doi = {10.1017/dsd.2020.299}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85110289124} } @article{muller2020mapping, author = {Müller, Jakob R. and Borgue, Olivia and Panarotto, Massimo and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Mapping the design space in function and geometry models supporting redesign for additive manufacturing}, journal = {Journal of Design Research}, year = {2020}, month = {1}, volume = {18}, pages = {37-56}, abstract = {The advent of additive manufacturing (AM) brings many benefits in terms of lightweight design. However, there is no established design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) method available, nor are all the impacts and constraints on the product and development process known. Therefore, a method to redesign existing products for AM is proposed. It consists of functional decomposition enhanced by constraints identification, and analyses of the impact on the design space. Furthermore, the approach defines a coupling of function and geometry models to support an inter-domain redesign process. The approach has been successfully applied in an industrial collaboration project with three aerospace companies, where the support of the method for design space exploration has been recognised. Future work sees the use of this method for design space exploration even outside the AM domain, but a more methodical definition of the relationship between the functional and geometrical domain is required to do so.}, doi = {10.1504/jdr.2020.112053}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {85097844889} } @inproceedings{leonard2020sustainability, author = {Léonard, P. L. Y. and Nylander, J. W.}, title = {SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT of COMPOSITES in AERO-ENGINE COMPONENTS}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society Design Conference}, year = {2020}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {1989-1998}, abstract = {Environmental issues such as climate change are leading to sustainability challenges for the aerospace industry. New materials such as composites allow significant weight reduction, which leads to a lower fuel consumption. However, composites involve complex processes and there is a lack of knowledge on their social and environmental consequences. Through two cases based on real aero-engines components, this paper shows that the weight savings provided by composites reduce significantly the CO2 emissions during flight which compensates the environmental drawbacks from production and recycling.}, doi = {10.1017/dsd.2020.29}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85110391478} } @article{gericke2020supporting, author = {Gericke, Kilian and Eckert, Claudia and Campean, Felician and Clarkson, P. John and Flening, Elias and Isaksson, Ola and Kipouros, Timos and Kokkolaras, Michael and Köhler, Christian and Panarotto, Massimo and Wilmsen, Miriam}, title = {Supporting designers: moving from method menagerie to method ecosystem}, journal = {Design Science}, year = {2020}, month = {1}, volume = {6}, abstract = {Supporting designers is one of the main motivations for design research. However, there is an ongoing debate about the ability of design research to transfer its results, which are often provided in form of design methods, into practice. This article takes the position that the transfer of design methods alone is not an appropriate indicator for assessing the impact of design research by discussing alternative pathways for impacting design practice. Impact is created by different means – first of all through the students that are trained based on the research results including design methods and tools and by the systematic way of thinking they acquired that comes along with being involved with research in this area. Despite having a considerable impact on practice, this article takes the position that the transfer of methods can be improved by moving from cultivating method menageries to facilitating the evolution of method ecosystems. It explains what is understood by a method ecosystem and discusses implications for developing future design methods and for improving existing methods. This paper takes the position that efforts on improving and maturing existing design methods should be raised to satisfy the needs of designers and to truly support them.}, doi = {10.1017/dsj.2020.21}, pubtype = {Journal article}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85092632456} } @inproceedings{chalmersuniversityoftechnologyandalonsofernandez2020interactive, author = {Chalmers University of Technology and Alonso Fernandez, Iñigo and Panarotto, Massimo and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Interactive model-based decision-making tools in early product platform design}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Norddesign 2020 Conference Norddesign 2020}, year = {2020}, month = {1}, abstract = {It is difficult to gather and unify the views of multiple stakeholder simultaneously. To support decision makers, when dealing with uncertainty and with decisions involving trade-offs, an interactive model-based tool development strategy is proposed. Rapid prototyping using state-of-the-art web technologies provides quick results and enables researchers to make fast iterations. The presented method aims to enable better decisions during the product development process early phases. An experiment performed in front of a life audience is presented and hints for future developments are discussed.}, doi = {10.35199/norddesign2020.15}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/521472/file/521472_Fulltext.pdf}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {85094667685} } @inproceedings{malmqvist2020cdio, author = {Malmqvist, Johan and Edström, Kristina and Rosén, Anders}, title = {CDIO STANDARDS 3.0 - UPDATES TO THE CORE CDIO STANDARDS}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Cdio Conference}, year = {2020}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {60-76}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/535190/file/535190_Fulltext.pdf}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {85150729471} } @inproceedings{mallipeddi2020surface, author = {Mallipeddi, D. and Hajali, T. and Rännar, L-E. and Bergström, A. and Hernandez, S. and Strandh, E. and Nyborg, L. and Krajnik, P.}, title = {Surface Integrity of Machined Electron Beam Melted Ti6Al4V Alloy Manufactured with Different Contour Settings and Heat Treatment}, booktitle = {Procedia CIRP}, year = {2020}, month = {1}, volume = {87}, pages = {327-332}, abstract = {The powder-bed-fusion-based Electron Beam Melting (EBM) is rapidly gaining interest as a feasible process in the manufacturing industry for producing intricate Ti6Al4V components. However, there is still a challenge of reducing production time and optimizing surface roughness. One way to improve surface roughness is to optimize the melting strategy, i.e. contour setting. This not only influences the obtained surface topographical features, but also the production time. Most industrial applications require subtractive post processing (machining) to obtain a desired functional surface. This paper is concerned with analysing surface and subsurface in turning of Ti6Al4V alloy, manufactured by EBM using different contour settings. Also, the effect of subsequent heat treatment, i.e. Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) is studied. The results indicate that avoiding of contours require a machining allowance of 1 mm to obtain surface roughness of about 0.5 µm (Sa). In case of three and five contours the machining allowance can be reduced to 0.25 mm. Microstructural differences originating from the subsequent HIP operation show no effect on machinability. Tensile residual stresses are generated when reaching down to the heat effected zone of contour settings.}, doi = {10.1016/j.procir.2020.02.091}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85086596856} } @inproceedings{alonsofernandez2020identification, author = {Alonso Fernández, I. and Panarotto, M. and Isaksson, O.}, title = {IDENTIFICATION of TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION CHALLENGES at TWO GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE OEMS}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society Design Conference}, year = {2020}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {2245-2254}, abstract = {Platform design has been firmly established in the automotive industry as a strategy to provide wider product variety while maintaining cost effective production. But this strategy can struggle to keep up with the pace and nature of emerging technologies. This paper reviews the existing approaches to modelling product platforms, and showcases the challenges at OEMs introducing new technological innovations in their platforms. A gap is identified in the methods to assess the ability of existing platforms to integrate new technologies whenever they become available.}, doi = {10.1017/dsd.2020.314}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85110324373} } @inproceedings{brahma2020calculating, author = {Brahma, A. and Wynn, D. C.}, title = {CALCULATING TARGET THRESHOLDS for the MARGIN VALUE METHOD USING COMPUTATIONAL TOOLS}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society Design Conference}, year = {2020}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {111-120}, abstract = {Overspecification or excess margin in a design can enhance its ability to absorb changes and uncertainty, but also deteriorates performance criteria such as weight and cost. This paper shows how the Margin Value Method (article in review) can be applied in conjunction with CAE tools such as FEA to quantify excess margin where a design is too complex for algebraic analysis. This new application context for the MVM is illustrated using a case study of a flange coupling design, in which topology optimisation is used within the MVM to identify opportunities for design improvement.}, doi = {10.1017/dsd.2020.66}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85110301572} } @inproceedings{kwok2020approach, author = {Kwok, S. Y. and Schulte, J. and Hallstedt, S. I.}, title = {APPROACH for SUSTAINABILITY CRITERIA and PRODUCT LIFE-CYCLE DATA SIMULATION in CONCEPT SELECTION}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society Design Conference}, year = {2020}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {1979-1988}, abstract = {Companies struggle with identifying relevant sustainability aspects strategically, assessing alternative solutions quantitatively, and making trade-offs. This paper reports results from a prescriptive study with an aerospace company, and presents the Sustainability Criteria And product life-cycle Data Simulation (SCADS) approach. Based on strategic integration of sustainability indicators, this approach aims to enable visualisation and comparison of the sustainability implications of different concepts in early design phases of product development.}, doi = {10.1017/dsd.2020.297}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85097443698} } @inproceedings{malmqvist2020optional, author = {Malmqvist, Johan and Edström, Kristina and Rosén, Anders and Hugo, Ron and Campbell, Duncan}, title = {OPTIONAL CDIO STANDARDS: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SIMULATION-BASED MATHEMATICS, ENGINEERING ENTREPRENEURSHIP, INTERNATIONALISATION \& MOBILITY}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Cdio Conference}, year = {2020}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {48-59}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/519615/file/519615_Fulltext.pdf}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {85150693553} } @article{borgue2019modular, author = {Borgue, Olivia and Panarotto, Massimo and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Modular product design for additive manufacturing of satellite components: maximising product value using genetic algorithms}, journal = {Concurrent Engineering Research and Applications}, year = {2019}, month = {12}, volume = {27}, pages = {331-346}, abstract = {For space manufacturers, additive manufacturing promises to dramatically reduce weight and costs by means of integral designs achieved through part consolidation. However, integrated designs hinder the ability to change and service components over time – actually increasing costs – which is instead enabled by highly modular designs. Finding the optimal trade-off between integral and modular designs in additive manufacturing is of critical importance. In this article, a product modularisation methodology is proposed for supporting such trade-offs. The methodology is based on combining function modelling with optimisation algorithms. It evaluates product design concepts with respect to product adaptability, component interface costs, manufacturing costs and cost of post-processing activities. The developed product modularisation methodology is derived from data collected through a series of workshops with industrial practitioners from three different manufacturer companies of space products. The implementation of the methodology is demonstrated in a case study featuring the redesign of a satellite antenna.}, doi = {10.1177/1063293x19883421}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {85074850968} } @article{raja2019simulation, author = {Raja, Visakha and Kokkolaras, Michael and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {A simulation-assisted complexity metric for design optimization of integrated architecture aero-engine structures}, journal = {Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization}, year = {2019}, month = {7}, volume = {60}, pages = {287-300}, abstract = {Traditional metrics for assessing system complexity are based on aspects such as number of and interaction among components. For functionally integrated structures, the application of such metrics can be difficult and/or limited due to the inseparability of the structure into components or sub-systems; a single monolithic structure satisfies all required functions. At the same time, complexity metrics are necessary for effective application of design optimization and systems engineering principles. Aero-engine static structures are typical examples of functionally integrated architecture. In this paper, we present a complexity metric for integrated architecture structures that can be included as an objective or constraint in design optimization problem formulations. The proposed metric is based on two existing metrics, one providing a system wide scheme for complexity calculations and the second, giving complexity for individual components. In order to account for its integrated architecture, different regions of the structure are considered. Interactions are estimated as load paths through the structure, identified by means of physical simulations. Complexity evaluations are demonstrated using two detail-designed aero-engine structures with similar functions but belonging to different engine designs. Despite the similarities, the structures differ in complexity. This enables quantitative comparison among different designs of integrated architecture structures based on physical arrangements and main functions. Moreover, the metric can be used to identify regions with most influence on complexity which in turn enables design improvements on those regions. Automated computation of the metric can result in rapid comparison and selection among a number of structure designs, and thus be used in optimization studies. Finally, a correlation of the metric with the development time or cost can be useful for future integrated architecture structure design optimization.}, doi = {10.1007/s00158-019-02308-5}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Design automation}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85183527538} } @phdthesis{raja2019design, author = {Raja, Visakha}, title = {On the Design of Functionally Integrated Aero-engine Structures: Modeling and Evaluation Methods for Architecture and Complexity}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The drive for airplanes with radically reduced fuel consumption and emissions motivates engine manufacturers to explore innovative engine designs. The novelty of such engines results in changed operating conditions, such as newly introduced constraints, increased loads or rearranged interfaces. To be competitive, component developers and manufacturers must understand and predict the consequences of such changes on their sub-systems. Presently, such assessments are based on detailed geometrical models (CAD or finite element) and consume significant amounts of time. The preparation of such models is resource intensive unless parametrization is employed. Even with parametrization, alternative geometrical layouts for designs are difficult to achieve. In contrast to geometrical model-based estimations, a component architecture representation and evaluation scheme can quickly identify the functional implications for a system-level change and likely consequences on the component. The schemes can, in turn, point to the type and location of needed evaluations with detailed geometry. This will benefit the development of new engine designs and facilitate improvements upon existing designs. The availability of architecture representation schemes for functionally integrated (all functions being satisfied by one monolithic structure) aero-engine structural components is limited. The research in this thesis focuses on supporting the design of aero-engine structural components by representing their architecture as well as by developing means for the quantitative evaluation and comparison of different component designs. The research has been conducted in collaboration with GKN Aerospace Sweden AB, and the components are aero-engine structures developed and manufactured at GKN. Architectural information is generated and described based on concepts from set theory, graph theory and enhanced function–means trees. In addition, the complexities of the components are evaluated using a new complexity metric. Specifically, the developed modeling and evaluation methods facilitate the following activities: · identification and representation of function–means information for the component· representation and evaluation of component architecture· product complexity evaluation· early selection of load path architecture· impact assessment for the component’s functioning in the systemBy means of the methods developed in this thesis, the design rationale for a component is made explicit, and the storing, communicating and retrieving of information about the component in the future is enabled. Through their application to real-life engine structures, the usability of the methods in identifying early load carrying configurations and selecting a manufacturing segmenting option is demonstrated. Together, the methods provide development engineers the ability to compare alternative architectures. Further research could focus on exploring the system (engine) effects of changes in component architecture and improvements to the complexity metric by incorporating manufacturing information.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/510065}, isbn = {978-91-7905-117-4}, type = {Doctoral thesis}, pubtype = {Doctoral thesis}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{danielairenesiiskonen2019integrated, author = {Daniela Irene Siiskonen, Maria}, title = {Integrated Product and Production Platforms for Pharmaceutical Products: Design Thinking for the Development of Personalized Medicines}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Treatments, when customized according to individual patient attributes, are in recent yearsreferred to as personalized medicines. Personalized medicines aim at improving the therapeutic outcome of the patient. However, current pharmaceutical production is dominatedby mass production in a batch manner, i.e. producing large volumes of identical products.Uncertainties prevail regarding the ability of current production to respond to the productcustomization need in an economically and technically realizable manner. However,without customized treatment reaching the patient the benefit of personalized medicinescannot be achieved. Hence, a mass customization-paradigm, i.e. economic feasibilitywhen designing, producing and delivering customized pharmaceutical products, is desired.Pharmaceutical product customization has been discussed from a product and productionperspective. These discussions mainly focus either on product or production design.Additionally, the economic feasibility of suggested approaches is not fully explored.Mass customization requires joint consideration of product and production system design.Hence, the aim of this thesis is to explore integrated pharmaceutical product and productionsystem design facilitating a shift toward mass customization-paradigm.Methodologies to design the integrated product and production systems of pharmaceuticalproducts supporting customization are proposed. Set-based concurrent engineering(SBCE) principles are adapted due to the ability of efficient product development.Platform-based design is adapted due to a successful approach to mass customization inmanufacturing industry. Additionally, an integrated design approach to product value assessment is proposed to emphasize the customized pharmaceutical product value.The methodology application is illustrated for oral dosage forms for the purpose of demonstrating refined approaches to integrated design of these. Knowledge regarding oral dosage forms as enablers for personalized medicines is generated.Results show that the adaption of SBCE principles enables efficient consequence analysisof pharmaceutical product designs for production system designs and is accomplished byacquiring a set-based approach to simultaneous assessment of the performance of variousdesigns. Platform-based design enables flexible pharmaceutical product and productionsystem design, thus supporting mass customization. Finally, oral dosage forms embracingmodularized designs provide substantial product design flexibility but affects manufacturingcomplexity and hence, the discussion of product and production system design cannotbe separated.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/510412}, type = {Licentiate thesis}, pubtype = {Licentiate thesis}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{borgue2019modelling, author = {Borgue, Olivia}, title = {Modelling the integration of Additive Manufacturing technologies in design for space components}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Products for space applications are traditionally costly and produced in small batches. Moreover, they must be able to withstand extreme environments and meet tough requirements when in operation, as the ability to maintain and repair them is limited. However, nowadays cost and lead time reduction are becoming important driving forces for space manufacturers. New technologies such as Additive manufacturing (AM) are attractive for space companies as they enable new product functionalities or lower production costs, fostering company capabilities and permanence in the market. However, the lack of knowledge and experience in AM hinders its implementation in highly regulated industries such as the space industry.In this thesis, a first approach of a model-based Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) design support is presented to facilitate the introduction of AM in components for space applications. The design support aims at redesigning components for AM, taking advantage of AM design freedom but considering AM limitations as well. Moreover, to address the needs of the space industry, relevant design trade-offs of space products, such as weight/cost reduction, component modularity or adaptability to market changes are included in the DfAM design support. The applicability of the design support has been demonstrated in the design of different space products (such as satellite antennas) and in the context of three different Swedish manufacturers of space components. A first validation of the design support and the redesigned space components was performed with industrial practitioners.The proposed design support was developed for the introduction of a new manufacturing technology in space components. As technologies for space applications advance at a fast pace, future research needs to be performed to adapt the design support to enable the introduction of technologies that are not manufacturing related. Moreover, as product development is often concerned with the introduction of multiple technologies in the same product/product family, the impact of technology interactions in product design is of interest and will be studied further.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/512205}, type = {Licentiate thesis}, pubtype = {Licentiate thesis}, openaccess = {true} } @article{stenholm2019framework, author = {Stenholm, Daniel and Corin Stig, Daniel and Ivansen, Lars and Bergsjö, Dag}, title = {A framework of practices supporting the reuse of technological knowledge}, journal = {Environment Systems and Decisions}, year = {2019}, month = {6}, volume = {39}, pages = {128-145}, abstract = {Technology-intensive companies invest considerable of resources in product development to bring competitive products to market. Since market demand is continuously changing, the capability to renew offerings quickly and at low cost is an important source of competitive advantage. Even if components and designs may need to be updated when releasing new products, their underlying technologies and designs can usually be reused to enable fast and cost-efficient development. To be proficient in practices that support reuse of technologies thus constitutes an important organizational capability, but identifying and assessing these practices has not been a straightforward task for technology developers and managers. This paper presents a literature review regarding technology reuse in four main dimensions; Strategy, Process, Culture, and Information Technology. The dimensions are further decomposed into a framework with twelve principles that supports this technology reuse capability, including technology platform strategy and reusability assessment. Besides providing a theoretical overview of practices supporting the reuse of technology, the framework can also be used in practice to facilitate the assessment of the current reuse capability of an organization. Industrial cases, illustrating real technology development issues, are used to highlight the principles of the framework. Further, a self-assessment scorecard is demonstrated with data from two companies that develop and manufacture high-tech products.}, doi = {10.1007/s10669-019-09732-4}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Knowledge management}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85066819984} } @article{corinstig2019engineering, author = {Corin Stig, Daniel and Bergsjö, Dag}, title = {Engineering challenges of intrafirm technology reuse}, journal = {Systems Engineering}, year = {2019}, month = {5}, volume = {22}, pages = {243-254}, abstract = {Companies derive additional value from technological investments by repeatedly applying them across different product lines in their portfolios. Technology reuse strategies have helped to increase efficiency in leveraging research and development investments, but the attempts to explain how to duplicate such results for technology reuse at the engineering level are missing. While there are synergetic effects to the reuse of technologies, there are also transaction costs that limit the benefits in practice. This paper presents a model, along with three examples, of technology reuse to help account for these transaction costs and mitigate the fallacy of perceiving technologies as reusable “off‐the‐shelf” elements.}, doi = {10.1002/sys.21475}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Knowledge management}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85058841928} } @article{eckert2019design, author = {Eckert, Claudia and Isaksson, Ola and Earl, Chris}, title = {Design margins: a hidden issue in industry}, journal = {Design Science}, year = {2019}, month = {1}, volume = {5}, abstract = {In complex products the values of parameters are rarely exactly the required values, rather they often have a margin that might be designed in deliberately or be the incidental results of other design decisions. These margins play a critical role in design processes in managing engineering change and iteration. While engineers often talk about margins informally, designers and researchers also use other terms for specific margin concepts. This paper reviews the existing literature on related concepts and defines margins formally. It discusses the role margins play in handling uncertainty by distinguishing between buffer and excess. Buffer deals with uncertainty and excess with the remaining overcapacity of the design. Buffer can transition into excess of the design solution if the uncertainty can be reduced. The concepts are applied to the temperature margins of several candidate materials for a non-rotary jet engine component. This shows that a clear understanding of margins can help a company to select design alternatives.}, doi = {10.1017/dsj.2019.7}, pubtype = {Journal article}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105044590601} } @article{stenholm2019knowledge, author = {Stenholm, Daniel and Catic, Amer and Bergsjö, Dag}, title = {Knowledge reuse in industrial practice: evaluation from implementing engineering checksheets in industry}, journal = {Design Science}, year = {2019}, month = {1}, volume = {5}, abstract = {In multi-domain product development organizations, there is a continuous need to transfer captured knowledge between engineers to enable better design decisions in the future. The objective of this paper is to evaluate how engineering knowledge can be captured, disseminated and (re)used by applying a knowledge reuse tool entitled Engineering Checksheet (ECS). The tool was introduced in 2012 and this evaluation has been performed over the 2017–2018 period. This case study focused on codified knowledge in incremental product development with a high reuse potential both in and over time. The evaluation draws conclusions from the perspectives of the knowledge workers (the engineers), knowledge owners and knowledge managers. The study concludes that the ECS has been found to be valuable in enabling a timely understanding of technological concepts related to low level engineering tasks in the product development process. Hence, this enables knowledge flow and, in particular, reuse among inexperienced engineers, as well as providing quick and accurate quality control for experienced engineers. The findings regarding knowledge ownership and management relate to the need for clearly defining a knowledge owner structure in which communities of practice take responsibility for empowering engineers to use ECS and as knowledge evolves managing updates to the ECS.}, doi = {10.1017/dsj.2019.10}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Knowledge management}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {105044577088} } @inproceedings{hallstedt2019sustainability, author = {Hallstedt, Sophie I. and Nylander, Johanna W.}, title = {Sustainability research implementation in product development - Learnings from a longitudinal study}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society International Conference on Engineering Design}, year = {2019}, month = {1}, volume = {2019-August}, pages = {3381-3390}, abstract = {Industry is a main stakeholder when it comes to realising the transition towards a sustainable future. Academia, with its, knowledge and methods, needs to support the industry on this journey. This paper, focuses on the practical learnings on how to implement sustainability research from an industrial perspective. It aims to share some lessons learnt from a longitudinal case study and a development journey in implementing sustainability research in the product innovation process at GKN Aerospace Engine System. The paper gives an overview, based on a literature study, of what is required to successfully implement sustainability in product development. It also provides a summary of the different research projects at the company with learnings from practical and academic perspectives, and the main learnings and changes in relation to different development phases in the sustainability journey. Although, this journey began over ten years ago, and shows the importance of long-term collaboration, it provides key-factors that can be applied also in short term collaborations and for faster implementation of research in general and sustainable product development research in particular.}, doi = {10.1017/dsi.2019.345}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85079769438} } @article{panarotto2019models, author = {Panarotto, Massimo and Bertoni, Marco and Johansson, Christian}, title = {Using models as boundary objects in early design negotiations: Analysis and implications for decision support systems}, journal = {Journal of Design Research}, year = {2019}, month = {1}, volume = {17}, pages = {214-237}, abstract = {One common strategy to include more downstream lifecycle dimensions in early design is to enrich modelling and simulation techniques embedded in decision support systems. However, downstream dimensions are difficult to trade against more traditional engineering objectives. This research studied through individual interviews how six disciplines use models to negotiate design trade-offs. References to models were categorised according to whether models supported or hampered the duration of trade-off identification and how they impacted the duration of trade-off resolution. The results point to the difficulty of applying downstream lifecycle issues earlier in the design process because of the characteristics of the models that are used. A list of characteristics promoting and limiting the use of four models as boundary objects (CAD models, simulation results, total cost of ownership and decision matrices) is provided. The cross-analysis of these characteristics provides insights into how models need to be organised in decision support systems.}, doi = {10.1504/jdr.2019.105757}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {85082019907} } @inproceedings{isaksson2019perspectives, author = {Isaksson, Ola and Eckert, Claudia and Borgue, Olivia and Hallstedt, Sophie I and Hein, Andreas Makoto and Gericke, Killian and Panarotto, Massimo and Reich, Yoram and Öhrwall Rönnbäck, Anna B}, title = {Perspectives on innovation: The role of engineering design}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society International Conference on Engineering Design}, year = {2019}, month = {1}, volume = {2019-August}, pages = {1235-1244}, abstract = {The aim of the paper is to foster a discussion in the engineering design community about its understanding of the innovation phenomena and the unique contribution that comes from engineering design. The paper reports on the dialouge originating from a series of workshops with participants from different backgrounds in engineering design, systems engineering, industrial design psychology and business. Definitions of innovation are revisited as used in business, management and engineering design contexts. The role of innovation is then discussed related to product development from (i) the management perspective, (ii) a systems architecture perspective and (iii) in relation to sustainable development as one driver of innovation. It is argued that engineering design has a central role in how to realise the novelty aspect of innovation and often plays a critical role in maturing these into the valuable products, and there is a need to articulate the role of engineering design in innovation to better resonate with the business and management research.}, doi = {10.1017/dsi.2019.129}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85079789618} } @inproceedings{siiskonen2019decision, author = {Siiskonen, Maria and Watz, Matilda and Malmqvist, Johan and Folestad, Staffan}, title = {Decision support for re-designed medicinal products - Assessing consequences of a customizable product design on the value chain from a sustainability perspective}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society International Conference on Engineering Design}, year = {2019}, month = {1}, volume = {2019-August}, pages = {867-876}, abstract = {Despite advances in pharmacological research providing means for individually customized patient attribute treatments, the 'one-size-fits-all' paradigm remains. Customization is associated with cost increases and the value assessment of customized medicinal products shows upon a narrow economic focus. Inspired by value models, emerging in manufacturing industry research, this study suggests a novel methodology encompassing a full sustainability perspective, including the social, economic and ecological dimension, for design decision support for medicinal products. A concept screening matrix is adapted, using sustainability criteria as value indicators. The focus is to create value for the whole pharmaceutical value chain whilst keeping the core purpose of medicinal products, i.e. to bring societal benefits. An illustrative case study presents an application of the methodology on a commercial product for curing hypertension. The traditional product design for hypertension treatment is compared to a customized product design. Results indicate that a customized product design is preferable if value is to be created from a social or/and an ecological sustainability perspective.}, doi = {10.1017/dsi.2019.91}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85079330387} } @inproceedings{rosen2019mapping, author = {Rosén, Anders and Edström, Kristina and Gumaelius, Lena and Högfeldt, Anna-Karin and Grøm, Audun and Lyng, Reidar and Nygaard, Mads and Hussmann, Peter Munkebo and Vigild, Martin and Astrup, Thomas Fruergaard and Karvinen, Meeri and Keskinen, Marko and Wedel, Maria Knutson and Lundqvist, Ulrika and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {MAPPING THE CDIO SYLLABUS TO THE UNESCO KEY COMPETENCIES FOR SUSTAINABILITY}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Cdio Conference}, year = {2019}, month = {1}, pages = {67-84}, abstract = {In this paper a framework of key competencies for sustainability defined by UNESCO is used to evaluate the relevance of the CDIO Syllabus for promoting engineering education for sustainable development. The evaluation is performed in two steps. First, topics, terms and concepts in the CDIO Syllabus that corresponds to the different UNESCO key competencies are identified. The second step is a qualitative discussion where areas of strong mapping are highlighted and aspects that could be better visualized or strengthened in, or added to, the Syllabus are identified. Differences in definitions of various concepts between the CDIO Syllabus and the UNESCO key competencies and the overall relation between the two frameworks are discussed. It is concluded that the CDIO Syllabus is rather well aligned with the UNESCO framework, however several opportunities (not to say needs) for strengthening the Syllabus in relation to the key competencies are identified. The UNESCO key competencies are found to be useful instruments for scrutinizing and updating the CDIO Syllabus. Other opportunities for knowledge and methods transfer between the Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) domain and the Engineering Education domain are identified. The paper is proposed to be used as basis for updating the CDIO Syllabus into a version 3.0 for maintaining its relevance in a changing world.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/535204/file/535204_Fulltext.pdf}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {85076511086} } @inproceedings{malmqvist2019cdio, author = {Malmqvist, Johan and Wedel, Maria Knutson and Lundqvist, Ulrika and Edström, Kristina and Rosén, Anders and Astrup, Thomas Fruergaard and Vigild, Martin and Hussman, Peter Munkebo and Grom, Audun and Lyng, Reidar and Gunnarsson, Svante and Kwee Huay, Helene Leong-Wee and Kamp, Aldert}, title = {TOWARDS CDIO STANDARDS 3.0}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Cdio Conference}, year = {2019}, month = {1}, pages = {44-66}, abstract = {The topic of this paper is the CDIO Standards, specifically the formulation of CDIO Standards version 3.0. The paper first reviews the potential change drivers that motivate a revision of the Standards. Such change drivers are identified both externally (i.e., from outside of the CDIO community) and internally. It is found that external change drivers have affected the perceptions of what problems engineers should address, what knowledge future engineers should possess and what are the most effective teaching practices in engineering education. Internally, the paper identifies criticism of the Standards, as well as ideas for development, that have been codified as proposed additional CDIO Standards. With references to these change drivers, five areas are identified for the revision: sustainability, digitalization of teaching and learning; service; and faculty competence. A revised version of the Standards is presented. In addition, it is proposed that a new category of Standards is established, “optional standards”. Optional Standards are a complement to the twelve “basic” Standards, and serve to guide educational development and profiling beyond the current Standards. A selected set of proposed optional Standards are recommended for further evaluation and possibly acceptance by the CDIO community}, url = {https://www.cdio.org/sites/default/files/docs/file/125.pdf}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {85095002312} } @inproceedings{muller2019connecting, author = {Müller, Jakob R. and Panarotto, Massimo and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Connecting functional and geometrical representations to support the evaluation of design alternatives for aerospace components}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society International Conference on Engineering Design}, year = {2019}, month = {1}, volume = {2019-August}, pages = {1423-1432}, abstract = {Novel product concepts are often down-selected in favour of the incremental development of available designs. This can be attributed to the fact that for the development of a new product, simulations and analysis based on high-fidelity CAD models are required, which are expensive to create. To solve this problem, the use of a function model (FM) as intermediate step between ideation and embodiment is suggested. The approach has been examined in a case study with an aerospace company for the development of a turbine rear assembly, using multiple workshops and interviews with practitioners from the company. A multitude of novel solutions, even extending the functionality of the legacy design, were captured. The FM approach proved to support the representation, analysis, and configuration of 102 different concepts. Although supported by the FM model, the embodiment still showed to be a bottle neck for further development. The subsequent interviews with practitioners showed that the benefits of the approach were seen, but experienced as too complex. Further work will concern a more systematic connection between the FM and CAD model, in order to automate of the embodiment process.}, doi = {10.1017/dsi.2019.148}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85079808612} } @inproceedings{arnarsson2019supporting, author = {Arnarsson, Ivar Örn and Frost, Otto and Gustavsson, Emil and Stenholm, Daniel and Jirstrand, Mats and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Supporting knowledge re-use with effective searches of related engineering documents - A comparison of search engine and natural language processing-based algorithms}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society International Conference on Engineering Design}, year = {2019}, month = {1}, volume = {2019-August}, pages = {2597-2606}, abstract = {Product development companies are collecting data in form of Engineering Change Requests for logged design issues and Design Guidelines to accumulate best practices. These documents are rich in unstructured data (e.g., free text) and previous research has pointed out that product developers find current it systems lacking capabilities to accurately retrieve relevant documents with unstructured data. In this research we compare the performance of Search Engine \& Natural Language Processing algorithms in order to find fast related documents from two databases with Engineering Change Request and Design Guideline documents. The aim is to turn hours of manual documents searching into seconds by utilizing such algorithms to effectively search for related engineering documents and rank them in order of significance. Domain knowledge experts evaluated the results and it shows that the models applied managed to find relevant documents with up to 90\% accuracy of the cases tested. But accuracy varies based on selected algorithm and length of query.}, doi = {10.1017/dsi.2019.266}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Knowledge management}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85079816127} } @article{borgue2019constraint, author = {Borgue, Olivia and Müller, Jakob and Leicht, Alexander and Panarotto, Massimo and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Constraint replacement-based design for additive manufacturing of satellite components: Ensuring design manufacturability through tailored test artefacts}, journal = {Aerospace}, year = {2019}, month = {1}, volume = {6}, abstract = {Additive manufacturing (AM) is becoming increasingly attractive for aerospace companies due to the fact of its increased ability to allow design freedom and reduce weight. Despite these benefits, AM comes with manufacturing constraints that limit design freedom and reduce the possibility of achieving advanced geometries that can be produced in a cost-efficient manner. To exploit the design freedom offered by AM while ensuring product manufacturability, a model-based design for an additive manufacturing (DfAM) method is presented. The method is based on the premise that lessons learned from testing and prototyping activities can be systematically captured and organized to support early design activities. To enable this outcome, the DfAM method extends a representation often used in early design, a function–means model, with the introduction of a new model construct—manufacturing constraints (Cm). The method was applied to the redesign, manufacturing, and testing of a flow connector for satellite applications. The results of this application—as well as the reflections of industrial practitioners—point to the benefits of the DfAM method in establishing a systematic, cost-efficient way of challenging the general AM design guidelines found in the literature and a means to redefine and update manufacturing constraints for specific design problems.}, doi = {10.3390/aerospace6110124}, pubtype = {Journal article}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85075825287} } @inproceedings{stenholm2019game, author = {Stenholm, Daniel and Bergsjö, Dag and Catic, Amer}, title = {Game-based learning of knowledge reuse in engineering education}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society International Conference on Engineering Design}, year = {2019}, month = {1}, volume = {2019-August}, pages = {509-518}, abstract = {This paper presents an educational game fostering a new experience-based approach to teaching knowledge transfer using a codification strategy alone. The goal is to address and highlight some common issues and challenges that occur during knowledge transfer in product development and that are often difficult for especially students to grasp through exclusively a theoretical teaching approach. The game is introduced to 60 students in the final year of their Master's curriculum. In parallel, the game has been applied in a similar setting in a comparable higher educational institution, as well as in a product development organization. “Sometimes you win—other times you lose and learn.”}, doi = {10.1017/dsi.2019.55}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Knowledge management}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85079806975} } @inproceedings{papadopoulou2019cdio, author = {Papadopoulou, Panagiota and Bhadani, Kanishk and Hulthén, Erik and Malmqvist, Johan and Edström, Kristina}, title = {CDIO FACULTY DEVELOPMENT COURSE – BUILT-IN IMPLEMENTATION}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Cdio Conference}, year = {2019}, month = {1}, pages = {489-499}, abstract = {To successfully implement the CDIO approach in engineering programs, a holistic approach is required, connecting the philosophy of the program with teaching and learning activities in the courses. One influential component in this interaction is faculty members and their competence in providing integrated learning experiences, in using active experiential learning methods, and in assessing student learning (CDIO Standard 10). As an effort to support such faculty development, a group of universities has been conducting activities directly aiming to enable and drive CDIO implementation in the participating universities (mainly within the EIT Raw Materials programme). In this paper, we will continue reporting and critically reflecting on these CDIO-based faculty development endeavours. Initially, a faculty development course was launched in 2016 at Chalmers University of Technology and offered to participants from other universities (Bhadani et al., 2017). The paper starts by outlining the adaptation of the course into its second version, followed by investigating the experiences from the first group in 2018. The course was designed to suit both experienced and novice faculty. It offered a staged introduction to CDIO implementation alternated with sessions in which participants worked on their own course development. The rationale for this design was to increase the direct usefulness for the participants, in that they should feel engaged and involved during learning and be able to immediately apply their learning to their own course. To estimate the impact of the course on participants’ actual course design and implementation, participants’ final presentations and feedback were analysed. Interviews were also conducted to gather information about the changes made in the participants’ own teaching, as well as the perceived influence of the CDIO course on those changes. The paper could be used to support organizers of faculty development courses in other universities, by documenting a model that can be implemented as a standard faculty training course.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/535198/file/535198_Fulltext.pdf}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {85145939270} } @inproceedings{raja2019modelling, author = {Raja, Visakha and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Modelling-integrated product architectures: an aero engine component example}, booktitle = {Smart Innovation Systems and Technologies}, year = {2019}, month = {1}, volume = {134}, pages = {847-858}, abstract = {A method to model functionally integrated product architectures is demonstrated on a static aero engine component. The scheme is based on concepts in set theory, graph theory and the creation of an enhanced function-means (EF-M) tree. Separate options for segmenting the component for manufacture affect these descriptions. Using the generated descriptions, implications for the chosen segmenting options are discussed with respect to overall functional satisfaction as well as functional realization at sections in the component. In addition to describing the architecture of integrated components, the description scheme might be utilized for studying product-feature integration opportunities facilitated by manufacturing techniques such as AM.}, doi = {10.1007/978-981-13-5974-3_73}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, scopusid = {85060314690} } @article{panarotto2019value, author = {Panarotto, Massimo and Bertoni, Marco and Johansson, Christian}, title = {Value models: Coordinating artefacts for conceptual design}, journal = {International Journal of Product Development}, year = {2019}, month = {1}, volume = {23}, pages = {326-352}, abstract = {This paper contributes to the discussion on value models as decision support in early design. Emerging from data collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 professionals in 3 manufacturing companies, the paper highlights the limitation of current development practices to promote cross-functional knowledge sharing about the stakeholders' lifecycle expectations to be met. This limits the ability to make decisions about aspects of value that are difficult to assess and quantify. The objective of the paper is then to propose the use of value models as 'boundary objects' to increase shared awareness about the design intent, triggering negotiations towards more value-adding design decisions. This role of the value model as a boundary object is studied through design experiments, using a combination of protocol analysis and observation technique on the video-recorded material.}, doi = {10.1504/ijpd.2019.105490}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {85081399316} } @inproceedings{malmqvist2019bibliographic, author = {Malmqvist, Johan and Machado, Tyrone and Meikleham, Alexandra and Hugo, Ron}, title = {BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA ANALYSIS OF CDIO CONFERENCE PAPERS FROM 2005-2018}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Cdio Conference}, year = {2019}, month = {1}, pages = {816-833}, abstract = {Tools for bibliometric data analysis offer opportunities to analyze the evolution of a field of study over time. VOSViewer is a popular tool for such analyses, allowing the user to create and interpret visualizations of publication data, such as word co-occurrence analysis, co-authorship networks, and geographic patterns of collaboration. Meikleham et al. (2018) previously demonstrated the utility of applying this analysis to engineering education publication data from Scopus and Web of Science. By conducting a temporal analysis, the authors demonstrated how geographic, co-authorship networks and key thematic trends changed over time.A limitation to the results found in Meikleham et al. (2018) was that, at the time of the analysis, publications from the CDIO Knowledge Library (CDIO Initiative, 2018) could not be included due to an incompatible data structure. VOSViewer requires publication metadata to be structured according to a particular standardized format, and this prevented the Knowledge Library data from being used. Over the past year, the data has been restructured for analysis as reported in this paper. The basis of the current work is a revision of the database schema for the CDIO Knowledge Library that has enabled export of CDIO conference papers to the Scopus format and subsequent import into VOSViewer for analysis. The data shows that researchers from 47 countries have contributed to the CDIO Knowledge Library with Sweden taking the lead with the maximum number of publications. Researchers tend to collaborate with the same co-authors over a period of time, thus forming networks or clusters of researchers. Each cluster of researchers tends to publish their work independently of other clusters. A newer network of authors has formed in the past 4 to 5 years who collaborate locally within a geographical region. This indicates a presence of local CDIO communities which have not yet integrated with the global CDIO community. In decreasing order of influence, CDIO Standards 8, 7, 3 and 5 have been the major focus of CDIO publications from 2005 until 2018 as indicated in the data included in this analysis.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/535200/file/535200_Fulltext.pdf}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {85145886066} } @inproceedings{eckert2019industry, author = {Eckert, Claudia and Isaksson, Ola and Hallstedt, Sophie and Malmqvist, Johan and Öhrwall Rönnbäck, Anna and Panarotto, Massimo}, title = {Industry trends to 2040}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society International Conference on Engineering Design}, year = {2019}, month = {1}, volume = {2019-August}, pages = {2121-2128}, abstract = {The engineering design community needs to development tools and methods now to support emerging technological and societal trends. While many forecasts exist for technological and societal changes, this paper reports on the findings of a workshop, which addressed trends in engineering design to 2040. The paper summarises the key findings from the six themes of the workshop: societal trends, ways of working, lifelong learning, technology, modelling and simulation and digitisation; and points to the challenge of understanding how these trends affect each other}, doi = {10.1017/dsi.2019.218}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85079799857} } @inproceedings{lithgow2019design, author = {Lithgow, Drew and Morrison, Cara and Pexton, George and Panarotto, Massimo and Müller, Jakob R. and Almefelt, Lars and McLaren, Andrew}, title = {Design automation for customised and large-scale additive manufacturing: A case study on custom kayaks}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society International Conference on Engineering Design}, year = {2019}, month = {1}, volume = {2019-August}, pages = {699-708}, abstract = {Additive Manufacturing (AM) offers the potential to increase the ability to customise large-scale plastic components. However, a substantial amount of manual work is still required during the customisation process, both in design and manufacturing. This paper looks into how the additive manufacturing of mass customised large-scale products can be supported. Data was collected through interaction with industrial partners and potential customers in a case study regarding the customisation of kayaks. As a result, the paper proposes a model-based methodology which combines design automation with a user interface. The results point to the benefit of the proposed methodology in terms of design efficiency, as well as in terms of displaying results to the end user in an understandable format.}, doi = {10.1017/dsi.2019.74}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Design automation}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85079815087} } @inproceedings{dordlofva2019drivers, author = {Dordlofva, Christo and Borgue, Olivia and Panarotto, Massimo and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Drivers and guidelines in design for qualification using additive manufacturing in space applications}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society International Conference on Engineering Design}, year = {2019}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {729-738}, abstract = {In recent years, reducing cost and lead time in product development and qualification has become decisive to stay competitive in the space industry. Introducing Additive Manufacturing (AM) could potentially be beneficial from this perspective, but high demands on product reliability and lack of knowledge about AM processes make implementation challenging. Traditional approaches to qualification are too expensive if AM is to be used for critical applications in the near future. One alternative approach is to consider qualification as a design factor in the early phases of product development, potentially reducing cost and lead time for development and qualification as products are designed to be qualified. The presented study has identified factors that drive qualification activities in the space industry and these “qualification drivers” serve as a baseline for a set of proposed strategies for developing “Design for Qualification” guidelines for AM components. The explicit aim of these guidelines is to develop products that can be qualified, as well as appropriate qualification logics. The presented results provide a knowledge-base for the future development of such guidelines.}, doi = {10.1017/dsi.2019.77}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85075821095} } @inproceedings{lawand2019lifecycle, author = {Lawand, Lydia and Al Handawi, Khalil and Panarotto, Massimo and Andersson, Petter and Isaksson, Ola and Kokkolaras, Michael}, title = {A lifecycle cost-driven system dynamics approach for considering additive re-manufacturing or repair in aero-engine component design}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society International Conference on Engineering Design}, year = {2019}, month = {1}, volume = {2019-August}, pages = {1343-1352}, abstract = {Aero-engine component design decisions should consider re-manufacturing and/or repair strategies and their impact on lifecycle cost. Existing design approaches do not account for alternative production technologies such as the use of additive manufacturing in life extension processes. This paper presents a modeling and optimization methodology for examining the impact of design decisions in the early development stage on component lifecycle cost during the in-service phase while considering the potential use of additive manufacturing in life extension strategies. Specifically, a system dynamics model is developed to assess different end-of-life scenarios. Finally, an optimization problem is formulated and solved to minimize lifecycle cost with respect to design variables related to re-manufacturing.}, doi = {10.1017/dsi.2019.140}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85079766629} } @article{muller2019enhanced, author = {Müller, Jakob R. and Isaksson, Ola and Landahl, Jonas and Raja, Visakha and Panarotto, Massimo and Levandowski, Christoffer and Raudberget, Dag}, title = {Enhanced function-means modeling supporting design space exploration}, journal = {Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design Analysis and Manufacturing AIEDAM}, year = {2019}, month = {1}, volume = {33}, pages = {502-516}, abstract = {One problem in incremental product development is that geometric models are limited in their ability to explore radical alternative design variants. In this publication, a function modeling approach is suggested to increase the amount and variety of explored alternatives, since function models (FM) provide greater model flexibility. An enhanced function-means (EF-M) model capable of representing the constraints of the design space as well as alternative designs is created through a reverse engineering process. This model is then used as a basis for the development of a new product variant. This work describes the EF-M model's capabilities for representing the design space and integrating novel solutions into the existing product structure and explains how these capabilities support the exploration of alternative design variants. First-order analyses are executed, and the EF-M model is used to capture and represent already existing design information for further analyses. Based on these findings, a design space exploration approach is developed. It positions the FM as a connection between legacy and novel designs and, through this, allows for the exploration of more diverse product concepts. This approach is based on three steps – decomposition, design, and embodiment – and builds on the capabilities of EF-M to model alternative solutions for different requirements. While the embodiment step of creating the novel product's geometry is still a topic for future research, the design space exploration concept can be used to enable wider, more methodological, and potentially automated design space exploration.}, doi = {10.1017/s0890060419000271}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85073692665} } @article{schulte2018self, author = {Schulte, Jesko and Hallstedt, Sophie Isaksson}, title = {Self-assessment method for sustainability implementation in product innovation}, journal = {Sustainability Switzerland}, year = {2018}, month = {11}, volume = {10}, abstract = {Companies, striving towards an effective and systematic integration of a strategic sustainability perspective in product innovation, need to treat the implementation of necessary processes and tools, as well as their continuous improvement, as a project in itself. An efficient way to measure the current sustainability implementation level in the organization, as well as guidance for progression, is required. To meet this need, a novel self-assessment was developed, which provides companies with a tool to assess and visualize their current capabilities in relation to key elements for successful sustainability integration in the product innovation process. It includes a scale of different sustainability implementation levels to support building a roadmap for systematic implementation, and to measure progress over time. This research is based on results from previous descriptive work within the area of sustainable product development and learning from applying strategic and tactical assessment tools for eco-design and sustainability maturity. Besides the contribution to practice, this study also contributes to knowledge by specifying detailed aspects for each key element that must be considered to guide sustainability integration. Also, insights from applying different existing tools in real cases are provided. The newly-developed self-assessment method was applied and validated at two case companies. Independent and continuous use of it by the companies beyond this particular study indicate the practical value of the method.}, doi = {10.3390/su10124336}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85057109896} } @article{schulte2018company, author = {Schulte, Jesko and Hallstedt, Sophie I.}, title = {Company risk management in light of the sustainability transition}, journal = {Sustainability Switzerland}, year = {2018}, month = {11}, volume = {10}, abstract = {Many of the most important business and economic risks are directly linked to environmental and social issues. This includes both threats and opportunities, not only in relation to reputation, which is often mentioned in this context, but, even more importantly, in relation to innovation capability and legislative change on inevitably more and more sustainability-driven markets. It is, however, unclear through which mechanisms such sustainability risks currently affect companies and how they can be systematically identified and managed. Based on the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development, this study investigates the dynamics and implications of society’s sustainability transition from a company risk management perspective. In addition, exploratory and descriptive studies were conducted at two large product innovation companies to identify current risk management practices and preconditions for sustainability integration. The results reveal that a society moving closer towards a collapse of environmental and social systems leads to increasing sustainability-related threats for unsustainable businesses and increasing opportunities for sustainable businesses. Also, risk management is found to be a promising way for maneuvering in a smart zone between being too passive and being too pro-active in relation to sustainable innovation. The study participants at the case companies were knowledgeable about risk management in general but were largely unfamiliar with risks associated with sustainability and no processes or support tools exist to work systematically with such risks. Key steps to accomplishing an integration of a strategic sustainability perspective into risk management are proposed as: (i) identifying the effects of sustainability issues on internal and external stakeholder value; (ii) actively including sustainability in objective setting and cascading objectives across the levels of the organizational hierarchy; and (iii) developing concrete support for identifying, assessing, and managing economic sustainability risks. Thereby, companies can enhance their competitiveness while providing leadership in the sustainability transition.}, doi = {10.3390/su10114137}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85056430472} } @article{raja2018describing, author = {Raja, Visakha and Johannesson, Hans and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Describing and evaluating functionally integrated and manufacturing restricted product architectures}, journal = {Research in Engineering Design}, year = {2018}, month = {7}, volume = {29}, pages = {367-391}, abstract = {Within manufacturing companies, the architectural description of how a product is built is typically well defined while the architecture of the product from a functional view describing how the functional requirements are met in the product is often less articulated. For products composed of many components (modular products) such descriptions are clear, whereas few representation schemes are available that treat highly functionally integrated components, where all the functions are satisfied by one integral, homogenous physical structure. In this paper, an approach to describe the architecture for integrated components in the aerospace industry is described. Different regions of the component, termed as sections, are assumed to satisfy the functions required of the structure which are often manufactured by joining (welding) different segments. By assigning sectional and functional information to different manufactured segments of the structure, graphs are created that link the functional requirements and sections. Two different methods, one based on set compositions and other on creating an enhanced function-means (EF-M) tree are used to link the functions to the sections of the component, resulting in different graphs for different types of manufacturing splits for the same component. Comparison of the methods is then carried out using properties of the graphs produced. The method that utilises set compositions performs well for entire component descriptions while the method that uses an EF-M tree to create a graph describes sections (regions) of the component well so that functional relationships can be better described (integration of already existing design knowledge). The product descriptions created can help designers to identify how alternative manufacturing splits impact the functionally defined product architecture which in turn enables both improved manufacturing and improved design decisions.}, doi = {10.1007/s00163-018-0286-7}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85045042973} } @phdthesis{stenholm2018reuse, author = {Stenholm, Daniel}, title = {Reuse of Engineering Knowledge: Perspectives on Experience-Based Codified Knowledge in Incremental Product Development}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Product development is a knowledge-intensive activity and as products become more complex and competition intensifies, the amount of knowledge increases. A prerequisite for engineers who apply current best practices and continuously improve their working methodologies is to efficiently reuse existing knowledge. However, current trends during which individuals switch positions at an increasing speed and when the information is more dynamic, fleeting and more rapidly gained than ever before, calls for enhanced preparedness to meet these challenges. Numerous initiatives have been made, yet repeated design-related product issues are a recurring phenomenon which ultimately results in organizations either succeeding or disappearing from the market place. Guided by three research questions faced by the engineers, this thesis sets to (1) identify and analyze the characteristics of codified knowledge that support knowledge reuse; (2) Develop and enhance knowledge reuse support based on the characteristics identified in order to increase such knowledge reuse within product development organizations; and finally, the thesis aims to (3) evaluate the implementation of this support.In order to answer the first research question, a study exploring barriers to the reuse of codified knowledge highlighted eighteen potential barriers, eight of them associated with the individual at the engineering level. The discoveries within literature formed the basis for analyses and identification of ten characteristics regarding the quality of knowledge for reuse.As a continuation of the identified characteristics resulting from the first research question and to answer the second research question, a framework to efficiently support knowledge reuse has evolved. This framework is referred to as Engineering Checksheets and sets out to divide engineering knowledge into actionable pieces which not only give the engineers the answer to what to do, but also how and why a decision or action should be carried out, which have been identified as important components to foster knowledge reuse and to further enable continuous improvements.To answer the third research question, Engineering Checksheets have been implemented in industry and have been actively applied during several years in a variety of settings within a couple of organizations. An evaluation of the support implemented testifies to several valuable lessons learned, including dividing knowledge into actionable pieces which makes it both easier to apply the knowledge, as well as being notified when new knowledge has been gained but not yet captured, which is also helpful to the process of continuously capturing knowledge. The findings bear witness of the fact that efficient Knowledge Management is not so much about the IT system as it is about the Knowledge Management process and individual motivation. This thesis provides a pathway for organizations and engineers to extend their narrow focus of capturing knowledge by embracing and highlighting the perspective of knowledge reuse. By facilitating a habit and mindset of continuously capturing and reusing knowledge, product development organizations can greatly increase their effectiveness and quality of output.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/505527}, isbn = {978-91-7597-814-7}, type = {Doctoral thesis}, pubtype = {Doctoral thesis}, theme = {Knowledge management}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{landahl2018platform, author = {Landahl, Jonas}, title = {Platform Design for Producibility: Early-Stage Modeling and Assessment Support}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2018}, abstract = {In industry, platforms are commonly adopted to reduce unique parts among a variety of distinct product variants, which have proven to be cost-effective within a single platform lifecycle. However, when the platform becomes obsolete or modifications are required to capture changing customer and production needs and requirements, manufacturers often spill tears over the time-consuming and costly processes of reusing and adapting the current platform structure into new. In design, such a platform structure of parts is rigid and often characterized by redundant data and weak relations among and across product variants and existing production machinery. To improve the ability to reuse design and production information for assessing new concepts more quickly, non-rigid platform representations of product concepts and existing production machinery are necessary but not clarified in literature and rarely implemented in industry. In this thesis, research studies have therefore been conducted to (1) investigate how early-stage information about a variety of products and existing production machinery can be represented to improve design-production responsiveness, and (2) develop methods and tools to model and generate a set of product-production alternatives as a basis for producibility assessments. A number of engineering case studies have been prepared by researchers and industrial specialists. Data, related to product and production variety and their mutual constraining factors, have been collected by interviewing industrial specialists, as well as examining corporate documents of both product design prerequisites and capabilities in production. The engineering case studies prepared have supported the creation of new knowledge and been used to demonstrate the usefulness of the improved models, methods and tool devised supporting platform design for producibility. As opposed to rigid parts, findings show that platform entities can be represented as reusable and adaptable system objects containing early-stage information of product variety, existing production resources and processes. This information mainly consists of a common product-production structure of relations among functional requirements, design solutions, mutual constraining factors and target values. By creating a complementary producibility system, including rule-based and simulation- based models, early-stage producibility assessments of product concepts can be supported. Findings emphasize the dynamic consideration of producibility during the platform design as customer and production needs and requirements frequently change. By employing the early-stage modeling and assessment support devised, manufacturers can (1) represent product and production variety as reusable and adaptable system objects with links to producibility constraints, available over generations of products and production systems and (2) dynamically and concurrently model, generate and assess product-production alternatives under producibility constraints during early design stages as a basis for putting inferior alternatives aside until new information becomes available. Theoretically, the number of costly and time-delaying late- stage modifications of product designs, production configurations or both can be reduced. However, to validate and generalize these hypothetical effects, they need to be measured in future studies.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/506087}, isbn = {978-91-7597-835-2}, type = {Doctoral thesis}, pubtype = {Doctoral thesis}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{muller2018automated, author = {Müller, Jakob}, title = {Towards automated conceptual design space exploration}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2018}, abstract = {In mature and safety-concerned industries, such as the aerospace industry, product development is often incremental and design solutions are limited to improvements of an existing design. Radical changes to the known product architecture are avoided, for reasons of reliability, lack of technology or lack of design space exploration (DSE) methods. This thesis aims to investigate into the challenges for DSE, and how it can be improved to be faster, wider and more systematic. This research has been undertaken in four different research projects, addressing the challenges of the aerospace industry. The process of exploring the design space, the set of all possible designs, can be divided into three phases: to define the design space boundaries, to populate this design space with concepts, and lastly, to analyse the different concepts to find the one which provides the highest value. A deficiency in the description of functions and constraints which constitute the design space dimensions and boundaries, rooted in the lack of methods, has been identified to reduce the available search space already in the beginning. To populate this search space, developers need to generate representations of their new designs. These representations, commonly 3D geometries in the form of CAD models, are too rigid in the form they are used today. Therefore, it is expensive to create many variants, which differ in solutions and shape. This reduces the design space population to only a few concepts, derived from the legacy design. The analysis of alternative concepts is challenged through different maturities and variety of concepts.The coverage of multiple hierarchical search spaces, from geometry over solutions to value, has been identified as a driver for wider DSE. Furthermore, the need for a product development approach that is capable to bridge the levels of modelling abstraction. Enhanced Function-Means (EF-M) modelling, a function model applied in all studies referenced in this thesis, bridges the abstraction from a verbal description to a teleological graph, while enabling a more systematic capture of the design space boundaries. However, a subsequent gap towards geometry models could be observed in all studies. This hindered a faster design space exploration, since extensive manual labour is required to bridge these abstraction levels. For further work, the closing of the abstraction gap in the product modelling methods is seen as the primary goal for further work, either by extending the already applied function- and geometry modelling methods, or by including other frameworks.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/505992}, type = {Licentiate thesis}, pubtype = {Licentiate thesis}, theme = {Design automation}, openaccess = {true} } @article{forslund2018evaluating, author = {Forslund, Anders and Madrid, Julia and Söderberg, Rikard and Isaksson, Ola and Lööf, Johan and Frey, Daniel}, title = {Evaluating How Functional Performance in Aerospace Components Is Affected by Geometric Variation}, journal = {SAE International Journal of Aerospace}, year = {2018}, month = {6}, volume = {11}, pages = {5-26}, abstract = {\<div\>Geometric variation stemming from manufacturing can be a limiting factor for the quality and reliability of products. Therefore, manufacturing assessments are increasingly being performed during the early stages of product development. In the aerospace industry, products are complex engineering systems, the development of which require multidisciplinary expertise. In such contexts, there are significant barriers against assessing the effects of geometric variation on the functionality of products. To overcome these barriers, this article introduces a new methodology consisting of a modelling approach linked to a multidisciplinary simulation environment. The modelling approach is based on the parametric point method, which allows point-scanned data to be transferred to parameterised CAD models. In a case study, the methodology is implemented in an industrial setting. The capability of the methodology is demonstrated through a few applications, in which the effects of geometric variation on the aerodynamic, thermal, and structural performance of a load-bearing turbofan component are analysed. The proposed methodology overcomes many of the current barriers, making it more feasible to assess the effects of geometric variation during the early design phases. Despite some limitations, the methodology contributes to an academic understanding of how to evaluate geometric variation in multidisciplinary simulations and provides a tool for industry.\</div\>}, doi = {10.4271/01-11-01-0001}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {85048687732} } @article{bertoni2018evoke, author = {Bertoni, Marco and Bertoni, Alessandro and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {EVOKE: A Value-Driven Concept Selection Method for Early System Design}, journal = {Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering}, year = {2018}, month = {2}, volume = {27}, pages = {46-77}, abstract = {The development of new technologically advanced products requires the contribution from a range of skills and disciplines, which are often difficult to find within a single company or organization. Requirements establishment practices in Systems Engineering (SE), while ensuring coordination of activities and tasks across the supply network, fall short when it comes to facilitate knowledge sharing and negotiation during early system design. Empirical observations show that when system-level requirements are not available or not mature enough, engineers dealing with the development of long lead-time sub-systems tend to target local optima, rather than opening up the design space. This phenomenon causes design teams to generate solutions that do not embody the best possible configuration for the overall system. The aim of this paper is to show how methodologies for value-driven design may address this issue, facilitating early stage design iterations and the resolution of early stage design trade-offs. The paper describes how such methodologies may help gathering and dispatching relevant knowledge about the ‘design intent’ of a system to the cross-functional engineering teams, so to facilitate a more concurrent process for requirement elicitation in SE. The paper also describes EVOKE (Early Value Oriented design exploration with KnowledgE maturity), a concept selection method that allows benchmarking design options at sub-system level on the base of value-related information communicated by the system integrators. The use of EVOKE is exemplified in an industrial case study related to the design of an aero-engine component. EVOKE’s ability to raise awareness on the value contribution of early stage design concepts in the SE process has been further verified with industrial practitioners in ad-hoc design episodes.}, doi = {10.1007/s11518-016-5324-2}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {85006743884} } @inproceedings{landahl2018adopting, author = {Landahl, Jonas and Panarotto, Massimo and Johannesson, Hans and Isaksson, Ola and Lööf, Johan}, title = {Towards adopting digital twins to support design reuse during platform concept development}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Norddesign Design in the Era of Digitalization Norddesign 2018}, year = {2018}, month = {1}, abstract = {To gain a first-mover advantage on the marketplace, manufacturers are striving to develop innovative products that meet the needs of a wide range of customers. Traditionally to support innovative design, the fuzzy concept stage has long been supported by heuristic design philosophies. In recent years, new supportive technologies have enabled concept generation based on the collection and reuse of existing data. Existing data can be collected from various sources; for example, customer reviews, historical data, or by studying existing products or other industrial assets such as production machines and tooling. Lately, the concept of Digital Twin (DT) has gained a wealth of attention as a means to construct a high-fidelity digital copy of a physical asset and to study its shape, position, gesture, status and motion. The common aim of the DT is to support the realistic model of system behavior that can support performance prediction and optimization. However, in providing sufficient support during the conceptual stages the realistic models become heavy and costly to adapt. While the emerging data-driven design approaches can be used to generate designs with alterations, there is a lack of support to generate and evaluate solutions during the conceptual stages. In this paper, a framework of a Digital Platform Twin (DPT) is proposed to fill this gap. In contrast to a sole high-fidelity digital representation, the DPT builds on abstracting multiple high-fidelity Digital Twins into a low- fidelity platform model, represented as a function model. The DPT framework proclaims the vision of supporting design engineers in the process of abstracting functionalities of existing assets, inserting new functionalities and technologies in the function structure to ultimately support the generation and evaluation of new functional concepts. To demonstrate the DPT framework, an automotive example is presented. We believe that reuse during platform concept development can be supported with the use of multiple DTs. To achieve this, a challenge is to practically realize the transcending in abstraction levels of the models: from Digital Twins to function model and from function model to geometry models. The transcending in abstraction levels is therefore a matter of future work.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/40917/Towards+Adopting+Digital+Twins+to+Support+Design+Reuse+during+Platform+Concept+Development}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {85057198104} } @inproceedings{villamil2018additive, author = {Villamil, Carolina and Nylander, Johanna and Hallstedt, Sophie I. and Schulte, Jesko and Watz, Matilda}, title = {Additive manufacturing from a strategic sustainability perspective}, booktitle = {Proceedings of International Design Conference Design}, year = {2018}, month = {1}, volume = {3}, pages = {1381-1392}, abstract = {There are high expectations of additive manufacturing (AM) as a technology to improve manufacturing efficiency and reduce material waste. This study aims to clarify the sustainability advantages and challenges of AM technologies used in industry by testing and applying a strategic sustainability life cycle assessment in the early development stage. The result showed possibilities from using the tool and some areas of certain interest regarding improvement potentials of the AM technologies, i.e. value chain management, concept design, optimized material usage, and social sustainability.}, doi = {10.21278/idc.2018.0353}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85054978546} } @inproceedings{watz2018integrating, author = {Watz, Matilda and Hallstedt, Sophie I.}, title = {Integrating sustainability in product requirements}, booktitle = {Proceedings of International Design Conference Design}, year = {2018}, month = {1}, volume = {3}, pages = {1405-1416}, abstract = {Trade-offs between sustainability criteria and engineering design variables can lead to sub-optimisations and costly short-term priorities. This study explores how sustainability requirements can be identified and integrated in product requirements to guide strategic and tactical decisions in product development including sustainability perspectives. Literature review and action research resulted in a proposed systematic approach that: define sustainability criteria and indicators; use correlation analysis with QFD; and adds identified specific sustainability requirements to requirement list.}, doi = {10.21278/idc.2018.0377}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85055006120} } @inproceedings{panarotto2018assessing, author = {Panarotto, Massimo and Isaksson, Ola and Asp, Leif}, title = {Assessing the value of radical technology alternatives at system level}, booktitle = {Proceedings of International Design Conference Design}, year = {2018}, month = {1}, volume = {2}, pages = {633-642}, abstract = {This study investigates the challenge to assess value when alternative technologies - of radical nature - are integrated on complex products. The study highlights three main challenges: 1) value depends on how the overall product platform is impacted over time 2) value depends on combination effects between technologies and 3) value depends on how the technology balances internal and external stakeholders needs simultaneously. The paper describes how these challenges can be tackled by novel modelling methods, illustrated with an example related to structural batteries.}, doi = {10.21278/idc.2018.0398}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85054961566} } @inproceedings{arnarsson2018analysis, author = {Arnarsson, Ívar Örn and Gustavsson, Emil and Malmqvist, Johan and Jirstrand, Mats}, title = {Analysis of engineering change requests using Markov chains}, booktitle = {Proceedings of International Design Conference Design}, year = {2018}, month = {1}, volume = {2}, pages = {523-532}, abstract = {Engineering change requests are important and plentiful in the product development process to enhance a product. In this paper we use Markov chains on ECRs in a large product development project and display the results in a Markov chain DSM. The DSM shows statistical probability of a transition pathway for an industrial design process and together with engineering domain knowledge we identify patterns and improvement opportunities. It turns out that 8\% of ECRs are closed directly after creation, most common pathway is not followed in early statues and status iterations are seen in the DSM.}, doi = {10.21278/idc.2018.0314}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85054981990} } @inproceedings{isaksson2018digitalisation, author = {Isaksson, Ola and Hallstedt, Sophie I. and Rönnbäck, Anna Öhrwall}, title = {Digitalisation, sustainability and servitisation: Consequences on product development capabilities in manufacturing firms}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Norddesign Design in the Era of Digitalization Norddesign 2018}, year = {2018}, month = {1}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/508006/file/508006_Fulltext.pdf}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {85057168626} } @inproceedings{schulte2018workshop, author = {Schulte, Jesko and Hallstedt, Sophie I.}, title = {Workshop method for early sustainable product development}, booktitle = {Proceedings of International Design Conference Design}, year = {2018}, month = {1}, volume = {6}, pages = {2751-2762}, abstract = {It is in the early phases of product development that most of a product’s life-cycle sustainability impact is determined. This study presents a workshop method that has the purpose to support multi-disciplinary teams in sustainable product development, focusing on early phases. The workshop method aims to map the sustainability challenges and opportunities of a concept at an overarching level, utilizing backcasting from sustainability principles in three steps: create vision, assess current state, derive strategies. Testing and validation was done at two companies and with one academic group.}, doi = {10.21278/idc.2018.0209}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85054900590} } @inproceedings{bertoni2018model, author = {Bertoni, Alessandro and Dasari, Siva Krishna and Hallstedt, Sophie I. and Andersson, Petter}, title = {Model-based decision support for value and sustainability assessment: Applying machine learning in aerospace product development}, booktitle = {Proceedings of International Design Conference Design}, year = {2018}, month = {1}, volume = {6}, pages = {2585-2596}, abstract = {This paper presents a prescriptive approach toward the integration of value and sustainability models in an automated decision support environment enabled by machine learning (ML). The approach allows the concurrent multidimensional analysis of design cases complementing mechanical simulation results with value and sustainability assessment. ML allows to deal with both qualitative and quantitative data and to create surrogate models for quicker design space exploration. The approach has been developed and preliminary implemented in collaboration with a major aerospace sub-system manufacturer.}, doi = {10.21278/idc.2018.0437}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85054910869} } @inproceedings{schulte2018risk, author = {Schulte, Jesko and Hallstedt, Sophie I.}, title = {Risk management practices in product development companies}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Norddesign Design in the Era of Digitalization Norddesign 2018}, year = {2018}, month = {1}, abstract = {Product development (PD) is inherently linked to taking and managing risks. For risk management (RM) to be truly effective, it cannot be treated in product development in isolation. Instead, a holistic perspective is required that recognizes and leverages the communication and connections between RM sub-disciplines across the organizational hierarchy, including e.g. enterprise-, portfolio-, project-, and product RM. Therefore, the purpose of this study is (i) to investigate current RM practices on the strategic, tactical, and operational levels, and (ii) to increase the understanding of how RM sub-disciplines are connected and interact. To answer these questions, semi-structured interviews were conducted at two large multinational PD and manufacturing companies in Sweden. Also, based on previous research, a novel self-assessment tool was developed and tested to map areas of strength and identify improvement potential. The results show that RM processes are mostly formalized and systematic, but there is variation in the quality of performed RM activities. Qualitative support tools are dominating. The tools themselves are considered to be helpful, however, the challenge is to make people use them in value-adding ways. Other challenges and success factors include competence and awareness, culture, top-down demand for high quality RM activities and deliverables, a dedicated role with clear responsibility, and working early and continuously with RM. The importance of experience is stressed, however, no systematic way to work with lessons learned and knowledge sharing is in place at the companies. Risks are found to be primarily escalated bottom-up. The corresponding top-down flow constitutes of objectives, which ideally are cascaded all the way from company vision and strategy into product requirements. Through these findings, the contribution of this study is (i) providing detailed insight into current RM practices, not limited to the PD function, but considering a broader organizational context; and (ii) clarifying the role of goals and objectives for connecting RM on different levels.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/40903/risk_management_practices_in_product_development_companies}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, scopusid = {85056403654} } @inproceedings{muller2018lifecycle, author = {Müller, Jakob R. and Panarotto, Massimo and Malmqvist, Johan and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Lifecycle design and management of additive manufacturing technologies}, booktitle = {Procedia Manufacturing}, year = {2018}, month = {1}, volume = {19}, pages = {135-142}, abstract = {Additive manufacturing (AM) is being proposed as a revolutionary manufacturing technology, promising significant advantages both from a design and production perspective. One challenge is the disruptive nature of AM and its impact on all life cycle phases. This paper reports from a demonstrator project highlighting digitalization and process implications. A demonstrator tool was developed able to collectively capture and visualize different life cycle implications of AM products. Market expectations, technology characteristics and life cycle constraints were met in the demonstrator tool. Each individual part collected its own traceable data set, from design over manufacturing up to postproduction services. Key aspects demonstrated were 1) the need to represent any manufacturing and life cycle constraint already in design, 2) the need to integrate unique identifiers that build a digital twin and 3) the need to automate links between life cycle engineering steps.}, doi = {10.1016/j.promfg.2018.01.019}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85042057611} } @article{ekstromer2018preface, author = {Ekströmer, Philip and Schütte, Simon and Ölvander, Johan}, title = {Preface}, journal = {Proceedings of Norddesign Design in the Era of Digitalization Norddesign 2018}, year = {2018}, month = {1}, pubtype = {Editorial}, scopusid = {85057151936} } @inproceedings{schulte2018sustainability, author = {Schulte, Jesko and Hallstedt, Sophie I.}, title = {Sustainability risk management for product innovation}, booktitle = {Proceedings of International Design Conference Design}, year = {2018}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {655-666}, abstract = {Social and environmental issues are directly connected to many of the most important risks that product development companies are facing. Based on literature review and interviews, this study investigates risk management practices on the strategic, tactical, and operational levels of companies. The findings are used to identify preconditions for integrating sustainability into risk management processes and support tools. The results show that sustainability risks need to be connected to company objectives through internal and external stakeholder value creation.}, doi = {10.21278/idc.2018.0239}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85054953339} } @inproceedings{watz2018addressing, author = {Watz, Matilda and Hallstedt, Sophie I.}, title = {Addressing sustainability in product requirements - A systems perspective}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Norddesign Design in the Era of Digitalization Norddesign 2018}, year = {2018}, month = {1}, abstract = {Lack of sustainability considerations in product development can lead to unintended consequences that are costly in the long run, and difficult to solve. Furthermore, the sustainability performance of a solution is predominately determined by decisions in the early phases of the design process, in which requirements are formed and which plays an essential role to guide and constrain innovation. The purpose of this paper is therefore to explore possibilities to address previously identified research gaps regarding i) the importance and challenges to integrate sustainability aspects into design requirements, and ii) the need of a strategic approach based on a full socio-ecological sustainability perspective to select which sustainability criteria to integrate. The aim is to investigate how the influence of sustainability aspects on traditional design variables may be modelled using systems thinking, e.g., System Dynamics modelling, as previous research has pointed out this as an area for future research. Against this background this paper explores the potential of a systems thinking perspective within requirements development, and how it can be applied, to favour a strategic sustainability perspective in product development. A conceptual literature review covering systems engineering, requirements engineering and systems dynamics, was conducted to analyse which phase in the requirements development that could benefit from systems thinking to promote a strategic integration of sustainability criteria into the requirement list. The results point towards the domain between stakeholder requirements and functional requirements, to allow building of a shared understanding the full design decision context that can be cascaded through the requirement levels. Furthermore, a systems analysis model can clarify which requirements that are involved in trade-offs and how. In addition, more detailed requirements imply less space for innovation. One outcome of the paper is a simplified causal loop diagram, showing how a systems’ modelling approach can help identify both traditional trade-offs between strategically identified leading sustainability criteria and traditional design requirements. Potential incentives for sustainable design decisions were identified. Future research will focus on improving and testing the suggested approach and investigate how sustainability criteria indicators can be linked to design value drivers.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/40961/addressing_sustainability_in_product_requirements_from_a_systems_perspective}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {85057171417} } @inproceedings{handawi2018integrating, author = {Handawi, Khalil Al and Lawand, Lydia and Andersson, Petter and Brommesson, Rebecka and Isaksson, Ola and Kokkolaras, Michael}, title = {Integrating additive manufacturing and repair strategies of aeroengine components in the computational multidisciplinary engineering design process}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Norddesign Design in the Era of Digitalization Norddesign 2018}, year = {2018}, month = {1}, abstract = {This paper presents a methodology for integrating failure and lifecycle analysis related to additive manufacturing in a computational multidisciplinary engineering design framework. The specific goal of this framework is to quantify the impact of component design decisions on system-level performance in order to assess alternative manufacturing, re-manufacturing and repair strategies from both technical and business perspectives. The ultimate objective of this research is to enable such considerations in the early product design phases, where sufficient degree of freedom exists to identify component design solutions that can facilitate and accommodate different manufacturing and repair techniques that impact the entire lifecycle. The developed methodology is demonstrated by means of a jet engine component where repair strategies are included as variables in the computational design process. Numerical results confirm that these strategies can be used to trade among design attributes such as lifecycle cost, weight, and performance.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/40873/integrating_additive_manufacturing_and_repair_strategies_of_aeroengine_components_in_the_computational_multi-disciplinary_engineering_design_process}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {85057178096} } @inproceedings{siiskonen2018applying, author = {Siiskonen, Maria and Folestad, Staffan and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Applying function-means tree modelling to personalized medicines}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Norddesign Design in the Era of Digitalization Norddesign 2018}, year = {2018}, month = {1}, abstract = {Recent breakthroughs in diagnostics, genotyping and so forth, has created opportunities to satisfy the individual therapeutic needs of each patient, i.e. treatment can be tailored according to the patient’s biological attributes as well as according to behavioural and environmental factors. Medicines, when tailored to the individual needs are often referred to as personalized medicines. So far, pharmaceutical production platforms are dominated by mass production in a batch manner with limited possibilities to fully satisfy the emerging customization needs of pharmaceutical products. To face the challenge of customization in an economically feasible manner, re-engineering of the product and production concept is inevitable. The aim of the present work is to introduce a novel approach to customize treatments by structural parameterization of the medicinal product concept. The primary adaption is here evaluated for solid oral dosage forms (SODFs), e.g. tablets. The tablet concept is re-designed to embrace a modular architecture. A platform approach, more specifically the Configurable Component (CC) method (Claesson, 2006), is used for efficient configuration of product families. To support the design work, computer-aided design tools are used. The Configurable Component modeller (CCM) (Claesson, op. cit.) is used for the function-means tree modelling of the tablet concept and from this product variants are automatically generated. The properties of the generated product families are then evaluated with regards to following criteria; product variety and manufacturing complexity to identify critical trade-offs.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/508003/file/508003_Fulltext.pdf}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, scopusid = {85057154631} } @inproceedings{borgue2018impact, author = {Borgue, Olivia and Panarotto, Massimo and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Impact on design when introducing additive manufacturing in space applications}, booktitle = {Proceedings of International Design Conference Design}, year = {2018}, month = {1}, volume = {3}, pages = {997-1008}, abstract = {This paper studied how the introduction of additive manufacturing (AM) in space applications impacts the design phases. Together with three manufacturers of space applications, the potential benefit as well as constraints are studied to identify design gaps. A literature survey is conducted to match the needs and following an analysis the impact on design practice is formulated. Results show the need to combine a wider design exploration capability, in combination with comparative modelling strategies.}, doi = {10.21278/idc.2018.0412}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85055001831} } @inproceedings{stenholm2018fail, author = {Stenholm, Daniel and Moore, Dylan and Leifer, Larry and Bergsjö, Dag}, title = {Fail early, fail often: Exploring Stanford's ME310 course as a basis to improve innovation outpost efficacy}, booktitle = {Proceedings of International Design Conference Design}, year = {2018}, month = {1}, volume = {5}, pages = {2505-2516}, abstract = {In this case study, we compare knowledge transfer between innovation teams in two contexts: an industry-sponsored graduate student capstone course to their corporate sponsors, and innovation outposts (IOs) to their parent companies. Through interviews with different stakeholders, we identified best practices for and challenges to innovation transfer, with personal relationships and tangible communication of ideas through prototypes being key to success. We call for more longitudinal studies to explore both the soft and hard benefits of innovation outposts.}, doi = {10.21278/idc.2018.0503}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85054984313} } @article{kaya2018learning, author = {Kaya, Onur and Bergsjö, Dag}, title = {Learning from digital disturbance management in an integrated product development and production flow}, journal = {International Journal of Product Lifecycle Management}, year = {2018}, month = {1}, volume = {11}, pages = {295-325}, abstract = {Disturbances are an integral part of a product development management effort since they indicate the starting point of improvement work. Disturbances can occur in any phase of the product lifecycle, and managing them in digital systems and relating them to other PLM data helps companies learn from problem solving and previous mistakes. The case investigated has evolved in their disturbance management journey from: 1) ad hoc; 2) frequent meetings; 3) physical disturbance board; to 4) digital disturbance board. This article concludes that a disturbance database can be used to elicit learning points which are supported with real data extracted from the case company's disturbance database. The impact of the proposed approach includes identifying latent problems, guiding improvement work and investments, and exposing seemingly trivial repetitive disturbances that incur a high cost over time.}, doi = {10.1504/ijplm.2018.097867}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {85062043740} } @inproceedings{borgue2018function, author = {Borgue, Olivia and Muller, Jakob and Panarotto, Massimo and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Function modelling and constraints replacement to support design for additive manufacturing of satellite components}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Norddesign Design in the Era of Digitalization Norddesign 2018}, year = {2018}, month = {1}, abstract = {© Proceedings of NordDesign: Design in the Era of Digitalization, NordDesign 2018. All rights reserved. Additive Manufacturing is increasingly attracting interest among manufacturers of space components, mainly due to its high design freedom, capability for achieving weight reduction and for being cost-efficiently produced in low volumes. However, AM is a less mature technology compared to established manufacturing methods. This lack of maturity concerns especially the area of AM manufacturing constraints as the knowledge about them is limited and because they mature over time, as the technology evolves. The lack of knowledge hinders designers to fully take advantage of AM, fearing that the technology will affect product reliability. This situation is particularly emphasized in space components, since they are subject to high reliability requirements. In this paper, a methodology based on function decomposition and constraint modelling is proposed as a basis for re-design of products using AM. In the methodology, the original functions, design solutions and manufacturing constraints of a product are identified. Then, the original manufacturing constraints are removed and replaced with manufacturing constraints for AM. Afterwards, functions and design solutions on the function model are modified and a new part geometry is designed and eventually realised in CAD. This methodology has been applied on a case study featuring a satellite sub-component.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/40871/function_modelling_and_constraints_replacement_to_support_design_for_additive_manufacturing_of_satellite_components}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, scopusid = {85057148684} } @inproceedings{brahma2018new, author = {Brahma, Arindam and Wynn, David C.}, title = {A new model for capturing design information with an aim to aid change propagation assessment and subsequent redesign}, booktitle = {Proceedings of International Design Conference Design}, year = {2018}, month = {1}, volume = {4}, pages = {1499-1510}, abstract = {A new model is developed to investigate the causes of change propagation and guide the redesign process. The model offers a micro-level perspective on the mechanisms through which changes propagate or are absorbed. Extending the Information Structure Framework (ISF) reported by Ahmad et al. (2013), the model uses a multi-domain approach combined with a reformulated detail design process layer. It is illustrated through a desk-based case study of routine mechanical design. Advantages and limitations are discussed along with possibilities for further work.}, doi = {10.21278/idc.2018.0271}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85055131532} } @inproceedings{madrid2018mitigating, author = {Madrid, Julia and Landahl, Jonas and Söderberg, Rikard and Johannesson, Hans and Lööf, Johan}, title = {Mitigating risk of producibility failures in platform concept development}, booktitle = {31st Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences Icas 2018}, year = {2018}, month = {1}, abstract = {Late detection of producibility problems once a product is in production implies several risks. In aerospace applications, high manufacturing variation rates on a product can imply design modifications with subsequent increase of lead time and detriment of product performance, decreasing customer satisfaction. In the context of platform development, in which a wide range of customer needs are met by designing a variety of product variants, these risks can multiply to an unmanageable sum. To mitigate the risk of late modifications of a variety of designs, producibility aspects needs to become an imperative part of the early platform development stages. This paper presents a two- stage producibility assessment method employed to systematically narrow down a set of product- manufacturing variants based on information generated using various types of rule-based and simulation-based models. The assessments are used to mitigate the risk of producibility failures, classified in this study as operational failures and quality failures. The two-stage producibility assessment method is demonstrated in an aerospace case wherein a variety of aero engine sub-systems and welding resources are modeled and assessed. The results show that the risk of producibility failures can be mitigated by means of rapid and precise assessments during platform concept development. By mitigating these risks early on, the negative effects on manufacturing variation and lead time may be reduced.}, url = {https://www.icas.org/ICAS_ARCHIVE/ICAS2018/data/papers/ICAS2018_0101_paper.pdf}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {85060484351} } @article{moore2018activenavigator, author = {Moore, Dylan and Ge, Xiao and Sirkin, David and Stenholm, Daniel and Ju, Wendy}, title = {Activenavigator: Toward real-Time knowledge capture and feedback in design workspaces∗}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering Education}, year = {2018}, month = {1}, volume = {34}, pages = {723-733}, abstract = {Knowledge capture and reuse systems, such as interactive table surfaces or smart whiteboards, have long enabled designers to review and revisit the knowledge artifacts generated by their creative work. Advances in data sensing and computation now allow near real-time analysis and feedback to be added this toolbox. In this paper, we outline our exploratory application of real-time speaker identification, audio transcription, linguistic analysis, and proactive content retrieval to design team meetings. We highlight the potential benefits and limitations of tools available to collect and analyze real-time design interactions and identify areas of future exploration for engineering educators and designers. In addition, we consider the implications of these tools for design research; automatic data analysis makes it possible to instrument several design workspaces simultaneously, increasing the chance of capturing critical moments, and increasing the opportunity to draw comparisons and contrasts across teams.}, url = {https://wendyju.com/publications/18_ijee3593.pdf}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Knowledge management}, scopusid = {85044357970} } @inproceedings{landahl2018product, author = {Landahl, Jonas and Johannesson, Hans}, title = {Product variety and variety in production}, booktitle = {Proceedings of International Design Conference Design}, year = {2018}, month = {1}, volume = {2}, pages = {817-828}, abstract = {Variety traditionally denotes products that serve a wide range of customer needs. However, variety in production exists too. Like products, production processes and production resources may also embody variety to serve the production fulfillment of a product variety. In this paper, product variety and variety in production are described and contrasted through a literature review. The aim is to serve the engineering design community with an elevated perspective of variety in production and its relation to product variety.}, doi = {10.21278/idc.2018.0208}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85054964778} } @article{erdem2017novel, author = {Erdem, Ilker and Levandowski, Christoffer and Berlin, Cecilia and Kihlman, Henrik and Stahre, Johan}, title = {A novel comparative design procedure for reconfigurable assembly fixtures}, journal = {CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology}, year = {2017}, month = {11}, volume = {19}, pages = {93-105}, abstract = {While market requirements demand that manufacturing systems increase their responsiveness, assembly fixtures remain limited in corresponding to the same demand. Fixture designers as practitioners are left without guidance to design reconfigurable fixtures. This study proposes a comparative design procedure for reconfigurable assembly fixtures that can adapt to manufacturing system characteristics by using efficiency metrics. In this study, a theoretical analysis based on manufacturing systems is presented to establish efficiency metrics. Later, these metrics are utilized in a design procedure that offers guidance and determines the efficiency of fixtures in conceptual and detailed design stages. Finally, an experimental verification is presented.}, doi = {10.1016/j.cirpj.2017.06.004}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {85024491234} } @article{hallstedt2017material, author = {Hallstedt, Sophie I. and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Material criticality assessment in early phases of sustainable product development}, journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production}, year = {2017}, month = {9}, volume = {161}, pages = {40-52}, abstract = {Improving structural performance of products is often realized by introducing increasingly advanced and complex materials as well as material combinations. What material to use in products is decided in the early product development phases and has a decisive impact for manufacturing, maintenance and end-of-life. A particular challenge is that the decisions need to be made upfront, where information of the forthcoming product is limited. This paper presents an early product development method to assess the criticality of alloy materials from a resource availability- and sustainability perspective. The method distinguishes itself from previous studies that focus on element criticality on a country level. The method is used to characterize and analyze the criticality of alloys in a three-step process that aims to support product design teams selecting what material alloy to use in early phases of design. It provides a proactive and systematic approach related to critical materials to avoid potential future problems on a long-term basis. The method presented has been developed in an action research-based approach in an aerospace company where a product design team validated and evaluated the material criticality method. The generic nature of the method is likely to be applicable not only to aerospace companies but also to other industries using advanced alloys. An important finding from applying the method in the company case was the clear link between long term business impact and sustainability performance.}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.05.085}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {85021794401} } @article{johannesson2017development, author = {Johannesson, Hans and Landahl, Jonas and Levandowski, Christoffer and Raudberget, Dag}, title = {Development of product platforms: Theory and methodology}, journal = {Concurrent Engineering Research and Applications}, year = {2017}, month = {9}, volume = {25}, pages = {195-211}, abstract = {There is a trend toward increased customization of goods to satisfy a wide range of customers using product platforms. However, there is an erroneous notion that product platforms can only be used to provide economic viability in production thanks to the reuse of physical components among a family of products. Yet, this is a limited perception of the potential of a product platform. In this article, an object-oriented approach to support the development of product platforms is proposed to increase efficiency through reuse and flexibility of designs among a family of products. Two modes of the platform development process are addressed: platform preparation and platform execution. Platform preparation prescribes the methods needed to model platform objects, using enhanced function-means models and set-based concurrent engineering processes. During the platform execution process, sets of design alternatives can be configured concurrently throughout the conceptual, system, and detailed phases of the platform development. Three cases illustrate how the same approach may be used in different design scenarios: design space exploration and extension, supply-chain collaboration, and configure-to-order. The approach supports system architects and design engineers in making design decisions that propel the platform development work by enabling analysis in stages where designs are immature and evaluating the goodness of the alternatives early. Ultimately, product platforms can be efficiently developed for modularity and scalability to find feasible product variants and meet the needs of a multitude of customers.}, doi = {10.1177/1063293x17709866}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {85028009764} } @inproceedings{gong2017simulation, author = {Gong, X. and Landahl, J. and Johannesson, H. and Jiao, R.}, title = {Simulation-driven manufacturing planning for product-production variety coordination}, booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management}, year = {2017}, month = {7}, volume = {2017-December}, pages = {2039-2043}, abstract = {Ambitious manufacturers are challenged to satisfy a broad range of customers while ensuring that the emerging product variety can be produced. Current practice suggests that products and production systems are modeled separately until the late stages of development when the designs are fixed and modifications are costly. In this paper, both product and production varieties are modeled, assessed, and evaluated using discrete-event simulation during preliminary stages. An illustrative example from the aerospace industry is used to demonstrate the approach. The simulation software Simio is used to model a sequence of operations and a set of input data related to a variety of aerospace sub-systems and a variety of welding resources. Through the simulations, the average utilization rate, the average throughput time, and the average work in process are generated. These outputs are used to evaluate the sets of product-production alternatives during the early stages of platform development when the cost to adjust the design of the products, production resources and operations are trifling.}, doi = {10.1109/ieem.2017.8290250}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/502997/file/502997_Fulltext.pdf}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {85045258381} } @article{sandberg2017knowledge, author = {Sandberg, Marcus and Tyapin, Ilya and Kokkolaras, Michael and Lundbladh, Anders and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {A knowledge-based master model approach exemplified with jet engine structural design}, journal = {Computers in Industry}, year = {2017}, month = {2}, volume = {85}, pages = {31-38}, abstract = {Successful product development requires the consideration of multiple engineering disciplines and the quantification of tradeoffs among conflicting objectives from the very early design phases. The single-largest challenge to do so is the lack of detailed design information. A possible remedy of this issue is knowledge-based engineering. This paper presents a knowledge-based master model approach that enables the management of concurrent design and analysis models within different engineering disciplines in relation to the same governing product definition. The approach is exemplified on an early phase structural design of a turbo-fan jet engine. The model allows geometric-, structural mechanics- and rotor-dynamic- models to be concurrently integrated into a multi-disciplinary design and optimization loop.}, doi = {10.1016/j.compind.2016.12.003}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Knowledge management}, scopusid = {85007480242} } @article{thomsen2017quantitative, author = {Thomsen, Benjamin and Kokkolaras, Michael and Månsson, Tomas and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Quantitative Assessment of the Impact of Alternative Manufacturing Methods on Aeroengine Component Lifing Decisions}, journal = {Journal of Mechanical Design}, year = {2017}, month = {2}, volume = {139}, abstract = {Static structural aeroengine components are typically designed for full lifetime operation. Under this assumption, efforts to reduce weight in order to improve the performance result in structural designs that necessitate proven yet expensive manufacturing solutions to ensure high reliability. However, rapid developments in fabrication technologies such as additive manufacturing may offer viable alternatives for manufacturing and/or repair, in which case different component lifing decisions may be preferable. The research presented in this paper proposes a value-maximizing design framework that models and optimizes component lifing decisions in an aeroengine product–service system context by considering manufacturing and maintenance alternatives. To that end, a lifecycle cost model is developed as a proxy of value creation. Component lifing decisions are made to minimize net present value of lifecycle costs. The impact of manufacturing (represented by associated intial defects) and maintenance strategies (repair and/or replace) on lifing design decisions is quantified by means of failure models whose output is an input to the lifecycle cost model. It is shown that, under different conditions, it may not be prudent to design for full life but rather accept shorter life and then repair or replace the component. This is especially evident if volumetric effects on low cycle fatigue life are taken into account. It is possible that failure rates based on legacy engines do not translate necessarily to weight-optimized components. Such an analysis can play a significant supporting role in engine component design in a product–service system context.}, doi = {10.1115/1.4034883}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {84995877132} } @inproceedings{bertoni2017value, author = {Bertoni, Marco and Panarotto, Massimo and Jonsson, Pontus}, title = {Value-driven engineering design: Lessons learned from the road construction equipment industry}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2017}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {319-328}, abstract = {Value models, in form of economical optimization functions, are often proposed to frontload engineering design activities. However, literature argues that, when qualitative data and assumptions prevail, a qualitative assessment of the ‘goodness’ of a design is preferable against a numerical (and monetary-based) encoding of preferences. This paper explores how a model-based approach can support deliberation about value in cross-functional design teams. Emerging from case studies in the road compaction equipment industry, the paper analyzes preferences for value modelling support when it comes to iteratively translate customer desires into terms meaningful for engineering design decision-making. It further prescribes a framework for value-driven engineering design that considers the need to update the value model definition as far as new information become available in the process, moving from qualitative to quantitative. The findings highlight the role the proposed chain of value models plays in terms of providing a shared reference to stimulate value discussions across functions and organizational roles, which is something that does not naturally happen in the organization today Value-driven engineering design: lessons learned from the road construction equipment industry. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315445036\_Value-driven\_engineering\_design\_lessons\_learned\_from\_the\_road\_construction\_equipment\_industry [accessed Aug 31, 2017].}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/39531/value-driven_engineering_design_lessons_learned_from_the_road_construction_equipment_industry}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Knowledge management}, scopusid = {85029739493} } @inproceedings{schulte2017challenges, author = {Schulte, Jesko and Hallstedt, Sophie}, title = {Challenges for integrating sustainability in risk management-current state of research}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2017}, month = {1}, volume = {2}, pages = {327-336}, abstract = {Numerous examples have shown how environmental and social issues can affect companies to an existential level. In fact, today's most urgent business risks, e.g. brand value, legislative change, litigation, and supply chain disruptions, are directly linked to sustainability issues. These risks need to be systematically identified and strategically managed on both strategic company-and operational product development level in order for a company to be long-term competitive. Based on literature review and interviews at case companies, this paper investigates the current state for integrating a strategic sustainability perspective in risk management processes and related support tools. Results show that sustainability risks are not consciously identified and managed at the companies. Research is at an early stage and few frameworks and tools exist. Based on the findings, the study identifies and provides a comprehensive analysis of challenges for sustainability integration, which work as a foundation for future research. Finally, key steps to advance understanding and methods in sustainability risk management are suggested.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/39587/challenges_for_integrating_sustainability_in_risk_management_%E2%80%93_current_state_of_research}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {85029742256} } @inproceedings{bokrantz2017interplay, author = {Bokrantz, Jon and Landahl, Jonas and Levandowski, Christoffer and Skoogh, Anders and Johannesson, Hans and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {On the interplay between platform concept development and production maintenance}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2017}, month = {1}, volume = {3}, pages = {71-80}, abstract = {To meet a broad customer-base, platforms can be used to achieve commonality and distinctiveness among a family of products. However, producibility of product variants are typically not ensured until late in the platform development phases. This may lead to increased production disturbances. To understand challenges in ensuring producibility of a product family in the early phases of platform development, this paper adopts the concept of lifecycle meetings to describe the interplay between platform concept development and production maintenance. Based on this description, we reason that to make early and credible cross product-production decisions, production system capabilities ought to be regarded as dynamic rather than static. While static implies as designed, dynamic implies change over time. In this paper, maintenance is regarded as one dynamic aspect of production. This reasoning is supported by a theoretical perspective and an illustrating case from the aerospace industry. The contribution of this paper may form the basis for future research on platform development and the effect of product variety on production systems.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/39612/on_the_interplay_between_platform_concept_development_and_production_maintenance}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {85029742393} } @inproceedings{eckert2017safety, author = {Eckert, Claudia and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Safety Margins and Design Margins: A Differentiation between Interconnected Concepts}, booktitle = {Procedia CIRP}, year = {2017}, month = {1}, volume = {60}, pages = {267-272}, abstract = {The life cycle of complex products is subject to multiple uncertainties. Designers include margins into the product to cater for these uncertainties: safety margins, which is typically included in the requirements against the uncertainties of use and design margins against the uncertainties of design, such as changing requirements or engineering change. In practise the terms design margins and safety margins are sometimes used interchangeably. At the end of the design process, a product might include considerable overdesign, which can increase the initial cost as well as the running cost of many complex systems. Late discovery of both overdesign and lack of safety margins are also expensive to deal with in late phases. This paper explore the role of safety margins and design margins in the design process based on two case studies in truck design and jet engine component design. The paper shows that margins are added both to the requirements and the design parameters, so that companies run the risk of duplicating margins throughout the process without different teams being aware of it. This paper argues that a clearer and common description of design margins can reduce undesired iteration in development processes arising from misconceptions and aggregation effects in the development of complex systems.}, doi = {10.1016/j.procir.2017.03.140}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85019984461} } @inproceedings{jaghbeer2017process, author = {Jaghbeer, Yasmeen and Motyka, Yvonne and Hallstedt, Sophie}, title = {A process for designing lean-and sustainable production}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2017}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {51-60}, abstract = {Today’s trends such as globalization, increased customer demands, and increased sustainability challenges have caused a paradigm shift, where the importance of designing lean- and sustainable modern manufacturing systems is realized by many companies. This study proposes a process of action steps using Value Stream Mapping method integrated with sustainability life cycle analysis and sustainability compliance index to assist in designing lean- and sustainable production systems. The developed process was validated through a case study to test the adopted tools and how they can capture and improve the lean- and sustainability levels. The current sustainability and lean levels were explored first, followed by analyzing and developing the future improved state. A roadmap of about 40 actions was suggested to the case company distributed on a one year time plan. The key contribution of this study is an applicable and generic process of action steps including several adopted tools from the lean-and sustainable product development fields to help manufacturing companies in creating roadmaps for more lean- and sustainable production systems.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/39504/a_process_for_designing_lean-_and_sustainable_production}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {85029749590} } @inproceedings{johansson2017maturity, author = {Johansson, Christian and Wall, Johan and Panarotto, Massimo}, title = {Maturity of models in a multi-model decision support system}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2017}, month = {1}, volume = {6}, pages = {237-246}, abstract = {To reduce uncertainty in decisions, engineers experiment with models, such as, exploring what-if scenarios, and thus increase knowledge. Still, because modelling is an idealisation of reality, there is often substantial uncertainty involved, and this decision makers less confident to lean onto models alone when making decisions. The aim of this paper is to conceptualize a design support for improving confidence and validity in models, by communicating uncertainties from modelling and simulation to relevant stakeholders. The paper reports on empirical data from a research profile workshop. The findings illustrate the importance of communicating uncertainties from models between relevant stakeholders in order to drive action. The paper then presents an approach to visualize model maturity levels as well as impact levels in relation to one or several aggregated models. With this approach, focus can move to discuss the knowledge about the knowledge that is created from modelling, and to facilitate discussions on a meta-level about the modelling and simulation. This is exemplified by a test scenario where a multi-disciplinary modelling and simulation of an asphalt roller is presented.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/39787/maturity_of_models_in_a_multi-model_decision_support_system}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {85029760073} } @inproceedings{raja2017optimization, author = {Raja, Visakha and Isaksson, Ola and Kokkolaras, Michael}, title = {An optimization-based approach for supporting early product architecture decisions}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society International Conference on Engineering Design}, year = {2017}, month = {1}, volume = {4}, pages = {377-384}, abstract = {An important aspect in designing the product architecture of turbo fan engine structural components is the load path and flow path of the components. We present an approach for deciding the preliminary load carrying configuration or LCC (arrangement of structural elements to carry loads) for a generic, static engine structure during early design phases. The LCC, which is a part of the load path aspect, withstands multiple load cases during engine operation. Each such load case for the LCC can be represented as an interface stiffness optimization problem. Our approach for deciding the preliminary LCC involves individual consideration of a number of problems (load cases), down-selecting a small number of interesting problems, and running a coordinated optimization for the down-selected problems using the non-hierarchical coordination. The optimization yields a compromise solution that can be considered as a starting point for detail design of the integrated product. This approach may allow better design resources allocation, as the obtained solution satisfies a number of load cases on the structure.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/39686/an_optimization-based_approach_for_supporting_early_product_architecture_decisions}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Design automation}, scopusid = {85029765460} } @inproceedings{arnarsson2017design, author = {Arnarsson, Ívar Örn and Gustavsson, Emil and Malmqvist, Johan and Jirstrand, Mats}, title = {Design analytics is the answer, but what questions would product developers like to have answered?}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2017}, month = {1}, volume = {7}, pages = {71-80}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/39807/design_analytics_is_the_answer_but_what_questions_would_product_developers_like_to_have_answered}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {85029761380} } @inproceedings{jaghbeer2017exploration, author = {Jaghbeer, Yasmeen and Hallstedt, Sophie I. and Larsson, Tobias and Wall, Johan}, title = {Exploration of Simulation-Driven Support Tools for Sustainable Product Development}, booktitle = {Procedia CIRP}, year = {2017}, month = {1}, volume = {64}, pages = {271-276}, abstract = {Global society is encountering many challenges such as climate change, resource depletion, etc., which comes with a set of challenges and opportunities for businesses. Applied research in operational tools and methods that support sustainable product- and service systems innovation, aims to strengthen businesses to overcome these challenges. In recent years, several tools and methods have been developed in the sustainable product development field with focus on modelling and digitalization. This paper explores how sustainability has been integrated in modelling and simulation, and presents results from a literature review with the purpose of highlighting opportunities and challenges in the field. Furthermore, an initial model-based engineering support toolbox (MBE) is presented, with focus on support tools for socio-ecological sustainability integration in the early product development stages.}, doi = {10.1016/j.procir.2017.03.069}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {85021839820} } @inproceedings{stenholm2017robust, author = {Stenholm, Daniel and Stylidis, Konstantinos and Bergsjö, Dag and Söderberg, Rikard}, title = {Towards robust inter-organizational synergy: Perceived quality knowledge transfer in the automotive industry}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2017}, month = {1}, volume = {6}, pages = {11-20}, abstract = {With the highly competitive market environment, organizations which want to promote innovation are imposed to create strategic alliances. In this situation involved parties have to exchange knowledge at all stages of product development to support the product development process. At the same moment manufacturers have a constant pressure of balancing costs, quality and production cycles shortening. In this paper, authors identified challenges for knowledge exchange in collaboration between competitive organizations. With the example of five European automotive OEMs exchanging knowledge regarding perceived quality. This paper presents a framework for successful knowledge exchange between organizations. It proposes the methodology for the knowledge taxonomy and establishment of the synergistic knowledge network.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/39764/towards_robust_inter-organizational_synergy_perceived_quality_knowledge_transfer_in_the_automotive_industry}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Knowledge management}, scopusid = {85029746547} } @inproceedings{hallstedt2017sustainability, author = {Hallstedt, Sophie and Pigosso, Daniela}, title = {Sustainability integration in a technology readiness assessment framework}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2017}, month = {1}, volume = {5}, pages = {229-238}, abstract = {In this paper, an approach to systematically include sustainability into the Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) is proposed. The aim is to answer the question "how can sustainability provide systematic guidance in technology development and early product development?". Results from a case study illustrate that the suggested approach can support i) the inclusion of sustainability into the early design stages, when only limited data and information is available; ii) the enhancement of the comprehensiveness of sustainability and ease of use in the day-to-day engineering working environment; and iii) simplified sustainability assessments without being too simplistic and/or reducing the sustainability scope. The proposed approach is being co-developed in collaboration with a case company, and tests on an actual technology development project are planned. The next steps are related to the application of the proposed approach in other companies to test its robustness and enhance its generalization for application in diverse contexts.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/39745/sustainability_integration_in_a_technology_readiness_assessment_framework}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {85029815608} } @inproceedings{schulte2017challengesa, author = {Schulte, Jesko and Hallstedt, Sophie}, title = {Challenges and preconditions to build capabilities for sustainable product design}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2017}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {Sustainable product innovation has previously been found to be positively correlated to competitiveness. However, in order to build capabilities for sustainability integration one must first understand companies' current state. The overall aim is therefore to identify common preconditions and challenges for sustainability integration in product innovation. A questionnaire study, targeting employees with roles in product development, was conducted at four medium-sized to large product development and manufacturing companies in Sweden. Results show that capabilities for sustainability integration are perceived as decisive for future company success, but are not considered to be correspondingly high prioritized today. Decision making is focused on material selection and energy efficiency, so no full socio-ecological sustainability perspective is covered. Formal decision support tools are only used by half of respondents and are a main area for improvement. Identified challenges include short-term economic thinking, lack of sustainability criteria and vague management commitment. Based on these findings, seven recommendations for companies are presented and validated.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/39499/challenges_and_preconditions_to_build_capabilities_for_sustainable_product_design}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {85029747884} } @inproceedings{landahl2017mediating, author = {Landahl, Jonas and Madrid, Julia and Levandowski, Christoffer and Johannesson, Hans and Söderberg, Rikard and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Mediating constraints across design and manufacturing using platform-based manufacturing operations}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2017}, month = {1}, volume = {6}, pages = {179-188}, abstract = {To meet the needs of an array of customers, platforms can provide means to achieve commonality and distinctiveness among a family of products. However, typically the producibility of product variants are not ensured until the late platform development phases. This may lead to increased development lead-time, due to lack of integration across design and manufacturing. To be better suited in making early producibility assessments, a model to improve the integration across product platforms and manufacturing platforms is presented. The model is embodying manufacturing operations and marries platform models of two technical systems – products and manufacturing equipment. To serve the concurrency needed to explore cross product-manufacturing alternatives during the early phases of platform development, manufacturing operations can be modeled to serve improved integration of product platforms and manufacturing platforms. By modeling functions, control parameters, and key characteristics, the constraints across design and manufacturing can be mediated.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/39781/mediating_constraints_across_design_and_manufacturing_using_platform-based_manufacturing_operations}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {85029745651} } @inproceedings{panarotto2017value, author = {Panarotto, Massimo and Wall, Johan and Bertoni, Marco and Larsson, Tobias and Jonsson, Pontus}, title = {Value-driven simulation: Thinking together through simulation in early engineering design}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2017}, month = {1}, volume = {4}, pages = {513-522}, abstract = {The topic of 'design for value' has lately attracted a great deal of attention within the engineering design community. 'Predicting' the value of a future solution is however difficult, especially in early design phases. Modelling and simulation is believed to be able to support this challenging task. A simulation process for value-driven engineering design is presented. The performances of a design concept along the lifecycle are aggregated to a monetary system value function. The results of this multi-model simulation environment for value are displayed through a colour-coded CAD model for easier interaction. Verification activities indicate that enabling effective design space exploration and visualization of cause-effect relationships become important elements in order to 'think together' using a simulation driven design approach. Furthermore, the proposed multidisciplinary 'value model' fosters cross-functional knowledge sharing and collective deliberation about the value, forcing stakeholders to synthetize their perceptions about the value of a design and to discuss where conclusions differ.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/39700/value-driven_simulation_thinking_together_through_simulation_in_early_engineering_design}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {85029745563} } @inproceedings{raudberget2017supporting, author = {Raudberget, Dag S. and Levandowski, Christoffer and André, Samuel and Isaksson, Ola and Elgh, Fredrik and Müller, Jakob and Johansson, Joel and Stolt, Roland}, title = {Supporting design platforms by identifying flexible modules}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2017}, month = {1}, volume = {3}, pages = {191-200}, abstract = {One way for firms to stay competitive is to adapt a platform approach. In product platforms, modules are used as exchangeable design blocks to create a variety in product performance. This is a proven way to get advantages of scale in production by reusing physical parts and investments in manufacturing. To ensure exchangeability between modules, interfaces between modules must be well defined. Hence, from this point of view, there is no such thing as flexible modules. In this research, flexibility refers to the idea of identifying strategic portions of the platform where flexibility is needed and to create the modular division in a way that the assigned modules are de-coupled in theses areas. The presented approach shows how the Design platform concept can be extended by the introduction of flexible modules. These support the Design Platforms by allowing areas of strategic importance to be more flexible and thereby enable room for uncertainties such as fluctuating requirements and future technical development.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/39624/supporting_design_platforms_by_identifying_flexible_modules}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {85029821488} } @inproceedings{almefelt2017tool, author = {Almefelt, Lars and Rexfelt, Oskar}, title = {A tool for assessing customers' barriers for consuming remanufactured products}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2017}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {11-20}, abstract = {One opportunity to address our world's environmental challenges is to change our patterns of consumption towards more sustainable ones, e.g. buying used products, renting products, and joining pools for co-consumption. All of these patterns share at least one point of departure: They imply that people use products that other people have used before. In this context, remanufacturing is a particular opportunity. In principle, remanufacturing means that a used product is industrially renovated in order to assure quality. However, remanufacturing is still just a niche, and the established pattern of consumption and production-involving new products-is very dominant. Reflecting this, there is a need to better understand how to gain acceptance for remanufactured products, and in particular to understand customers' barriers and drivers for consuming used and remanufactured products. Reflecting this background, the tool presented in this paper is aiming to support remanufacturing organisations to get a better understanding about the customers and their possible ways of reasoning when they approach an offer based on a remanufactured product.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/39500/a_tool_for_assessing_customers_barriers_for_consuming_remanufactured_products}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {85029740321} } @inproceedings{isaksson2017trends, author = {Isaksson, Ola and Arnarsson, Ívar and Bergsjö, Dag and Catic, Amer and Gustafsson, Göran and Kaya, Onur and Landahl, Jonas and Levandowski, Christoffer and Malmqvist, Johan and Müller, Jakob and Raja, Visakha and Raudberget, Dag S. and Stenholm, Daniel and Ström, Mikael}, title = {Trends, observations and drivers for change in systems engineering design}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2017}, month = {1}, volume = {3}, pages = {201-210}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/39625/trends_observations_and_drivers_for_change_in_systems_engineering_design}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, scopusid = {85029791469} } @article{hallstedt2017sustainabilitya, author = {Hallstedt, Sophie I.}, title = {Sustainability criteria and sustainability compliance index for decision support in product development}, journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production}, year = {2017}, month = {1}, volume = {140}, pages = {251-266}, abstract = {Sustainability criteria used for decision support in the product innovation process and aligned throughout the design process is one key element to efficiently introduce a sustainability perspective early in product development. The aim of this paper is to present an approach for identifying such sustainability criteria and to suggest a process for how these can be developed in any manufacturing company. The sustainability criteria are presented in a set of matrices, separating the criteria into product life-cycle phases and socio-ecological sustainability principles. In addition the paper presents a qualitative measurement scale for the criteria, called a sustainability compliance index that indicates to what degree a product or process concept performs in relation to a sustainable solution. The sustainability criteria were tested in different settings at a case company within the aerospace industry to give a first indication and evaluation of the ability to give guidance and support in bringing in a sustainability perspective when developing, evaluating and selecting different concepts in the early phases of product development.}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.068}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {84933575402} } @inproceedings{kaya2016useful, author = {Kaya, Onur and Bergsjo, Dag}, title = {Useful deviations for deviation management information systems: From pulse methodology to a generic description}, booktitle = {2016 11th Systems of Systems Engineering Conference Sose 2016}, year = {2016}, month = {8}, abstract = {We learn from our mistakes, and for companies these mistakes are deviations (aka. problems, disturbances, issues, hiccups, mishaps etc.). Every captured and solved deviation creates new knowledge. Not capturing this knowledge, in lean terms, is a waste of created value. A way of capturing this knowledge is to record and manage them via a deviation management information system. The case company uses digital pulse methodology to do this task. But which deviations should be recorded? Or more precisely, which deviations are worth being recorded? The lack of clear answer to these questions, as seen in this case study, can make companies unable to capture the knowledge of minor deviations. In order to solve this problem, this paper answers what deviation is and which deviations should be recorded (i.e., useful deviations), from pulse deviation management methodology point of view. In addition, further implications of the results are discussed towards creating a generic definition from the pulse methodology specific one.}, doi = {10.1109/sysose.2016.7542929}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84985945783} } @article{tidstam2016formulating, author = {Tidstam, Anna and Malmqvist, Johan and Voronov, Alexey and Åkesson, Knut and Fabian, Martin}, title = {Formulating constraint satisfaction problems for the inspection of configuration rules}, journal = {Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design Analysis and Manufacturing AIEDAM}, year = {2016}, month = {8}, volume = {30}, pages = {313-328}, abstract = {Product configuration is when an artifact from a product family is assembled from a set of predefined components that can only be combined in certain ways. These ways are defined by configuration rules. The product developers inspect the configuration rules when they develop new configuration rules or modify the configuration rules set. The inspection of configuration rules is thereby an important activity to avoid errors in the configuration rules set. Several formulations of constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) are proposed that facilitate the inspection of configuration rules in propositional logic (IF-THEN, AND, NOT, OR, etc.). Many of the configuration rules are so called production rules ; that is, a configuration rule is an IF-THEN expression that fires when the IF condition is met. Several configuration rules build chains that fire during the product configuration. It is therefore important not only to inspect single configuration rules but also to analyze the effect of multiple configuration rules. Formulating the tasks as variations of the CSP can support the inspection activity. More specifically, we address the reformulation of configuration rules, testing of feature variant combinations, and counting of item quantities from an item set. The suggested CSPs are tested on industrial vehicle configuration rules for computational performance. The results show that the time for achieving results from the solving of the CSP is within seconds. Our future work will be to implement the various CSPs into a demonstrator that could be tested by product developers.}, doi = {10.1017/s0890060415000487}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {84940702395} } @article{chuchalin2016professional, author = {Chuchalin, Alexander and Malmqvist, Johan and Tayurskaya, Marina}, title = {Professional development of Russian HEIs' management and faculty in CDIO standards application}, journal = {European Journal of Engineering Education}, year = {2016}, month = {7}, volume = {41}, pages = {426-437}, abstract = {The paper presents the approach to complex training of managers and faculty staff for system modernisation of Russian engineering education. As a methodological basis of design and implementation of the faculty development programme, the CDIO (Conceive-Design-Implement-Operate) Approach was chosen due to compliance of its concept to the purposes and tasks of engineering education development in Russia. The authors describe the structure, the content and implementation technology of the programme designed by Tomsk Polytechnic University and Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology with the assistance of Chalmers University of Technology and KTH Royal Institute of Technology and other members of the CDIO Initiative. The programme evaluation based on the questionnaire results showed that the programme content is relevant, has high practical value and high level of novelty for all categories of participants. Therefore, the CDIO approach was recommended for implementation to improve various elements of the engineering programme such as learning outcomes, content and structure, teaching, learning and assessment methods. Besides, the feedback results obtained through programme participants’ survey contribute to identification of problems preventing development of engineering education in Russia and thus serve as milestones for further development of the programme.}, doi = {10.1080/03043797.2015.1085837}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {84945219002} } @phdthesis{landahl2016development, author = {Landahl, Jonas}, title = {Development of Interdisciplinary Platforms Using System Objects}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Conceptually “form follows function”, as stated by Louis Sullivan. Physically however, form follows producibility. There is an erroneous notion that many customers can be provided with customized products, produced without any battle. In reality however, behind the walls of manufacturing companies, there is a constant struggle to combine the functionality and performance of complex products, while taking knowledge from manufacturing into account. Thankfully, there are a few shortcuts upon which manufacturing companies can capitalize. One of them is design reuse, i.e. there are elements of existing products and processes that can be reused in designing new products. Such elements do not have to be physical items. They can, for example, be laws of physics, mechanical properties, or known limitations of a manufacturing process. The use of platforms has proven efficient for design reuse. Platforms can accommodate product families, rather than a single product. By using platforms, common elements can be shared among the products in a family. Such design reuse has the potential of reducing development cost and make the development process more efficient. However, when developing a family of products, the evaluation of performance and producibility of multiple design alternatives becomes even more challenging, compared to that of a single design. Thus, to overcome this challenge, a platform development methodology is proposed to support the creation and evaluation of multiple design alternatives. First, we need to gather and store knowledge about similar products. Secondly, we need to be able to generate a family of design alternatives, and to somehow rank the family of alternatives by their feasibility. Thereafter, the inferior alternatives can be eliminated, and the good alternatives can form the basis for further development. Based on several industrial studies, the methodology has been developed to support modeling of known designs, generate several new alternatives, evaluate them and eliminate the bad ones. The methodology provides design engineers and system architects with the methods and tools needed to make credible design decisions early in platform development. The methodology builds on existing theoretical models, methods and tools, and describes platform system objects that support design reuse. The methodology serves three development levels, reflecting the level of design detail of the product family: 1) functional level; functions and alternative ways of solving them, 2) system level; system objects with design parameters, and 3) detailed level; conceptual 3D shapes. The three levels can be used iteratively, as the platform matures throughout the development process. The aim is to support design engineers and system architects in developing platforms for the early phases of development, and provide them with the basis for harmonizing between product performance and manufacturing capabilities, partly to reduce late and costly design modifications due to inferior producibility of products, but also to be prepared for future demands by accommodating the needs of a range of customers rather than a single customer.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/233550}, type = {Licentiate thesis}, pubtype = {Licentiate thesis}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{stenholm2016engineering, author = {Stenholm, Daniel}, title = {Engineering Knowledge - Support for Effective Reuse of Experience-based Codified Knowledge in Incremental Product Development}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2016}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/232475}, type = {Licentiate thesis}, pubtype = {Licentiate thesis}, theme = {Knowledge management}, openaccess = {true} } @inproceedings{forslund2016bridging, author = {Forslund, Anders and Madrid, Julia and Söderberg, Rikard and Lööf, Johan and Knuts, Sören and Isaksson, Ola and Frey, Daniel D.}, title = {Bridging the gap between point cloud and CAD: A method to assess form error in aero structures}, booktitle = {18th AIAA Non Deterministic Approaches Conference}, year = {2016}, month = {1}, abstract = {One barrier to the successful implementation of probabilistic design methods is the lack of methods for characterizing form error. Form error, defined as the irregular deviations in geometry, is hard to describe in a virtual environment. This paper showcases a method that uses a simulation platform to assess the effects of form error on the aerodynamic, thermal and structural performance of an aero structure. Particularly, it looks at how bridging the gap between nominal CAD-geometries and point-cloud-based scanned geometries, creates a unified model where physical geometrical deviations can be isolated from model uncertainties. In a sample fatigue life problem, the effects of geometrically deviated parts is assessed. Further, a permutation genetic algorithm is implemented to optimize deviated part configuration. From a research standpoint, the showcased method contributes to addressing the genesis problem inherent in uncertainty quantification. From and industrial point of view, this method provides a precise, cost-effective tool for dealing with effects variations, which in turn increases both product quality and development process efficiency.}, doi = {10.2514/6.2016-1197}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Design automation}, scopusid = {85088768474} } @inproceedings{levandowski2016modularization, author = {Levandowski Christoffer and M\üller Jakob R. and Isaksson Ola}, title = {Modularization in concept development using functional modeling}, booktitle = {Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering}, year = {2016}, month = {1}, volume = {4}, pages = {117-126}, abstract = {This paper presents a set-based approach to use functional models for platform concept development to identify feasible modules at early design stages. The concepts are defined using functional requirements, design solutions and their interconnections. These models are then encapsulated into functional modules through clustering of Design Structure Matrixes (DSM). A metric is introduced to quantify the ability to modularize a certain concept, which may be used to assess and eliminate inferior concepts. The approach is illustrated using a case study from the aerospace industry. The result shows that modules can be identified by clustering of the functional structure. This has an integral effect on early division of work, possibility to design reuse, etc. The ability to modularize a specific concept The case study also shows that, despite of the traditionally integrated character of the product studied, it is possible to identify functional modules for reuse in a platform.}, doi = {10.3233/978-1-61499-703-0-117}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {84993982074} } @inproceedings{zetterlund2016implementation, author = {Zetterlund, Helena and Hallstedt, Sophie and Broman, Göran}, title = {Implementation Potential of Sustainability-oriented Decision Support in Product Development}, booktitle = {Procedia CIRP}, year = {2016}, month = {1}, volume = {50}, pages = {287-292}, abstract = {This study aims to identify challenges and opportunities for implementation of sustainability-oriented decision support in product development. A literature review and interviews with field experts were performed. Most methods/tools designed to support sustainability considerations in product development have a low level of implementation. A lack of the full scope of sustainability and poor practical applicability might be reasons. Implementation could be improved by amending these deficiencies. Another opportunity is to integrate sustainability aspects in methods/tools that are often already implemented in companies. A low-hanging fruit can be to focus on the area of risk management together with defining sustainability criteria.}, doi = {10.1016/j.procir.2016.05.011}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {84986568335} } @inproceedings{stenholm2016digitalization, author = {Stenholm, D. and Bergsjö, D. and Catic, A.}, title = {Digitalization challenges for lean visual planning in distributed product development teams}, booktitle = {Proceedings of International Design Conference Design}, year = {2016}, month = {1}, volume = {DS 84}, pages = {1595-1604}, abstract = {Visual Planning has shown strong benefits for its easy-to-use layout and ability to plan projects with little effort and a low threshold to the method. However, limitations of the physical solution becomes apparent as more development are conducted in distributed teams where information becomes difficult to share and interact with.This paper presents challenges extracted from a literature review, combined with interviews and observations in nine case companies and concludes that there is a great importance, that despite digitalization, maintain a strong emphasis on preserving the meeting.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/38970/digitalization_challenges_for_lean_visual_planning_in_distributed_product_development_teams}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84980023466} } @inproceedings{kipouros2016visual, author = {Kipouros, Timoleon and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Visual analytics for evaluation of value impact in engineering design}, booktitle = {Eccomas Congress 2016 Proceedings of the 7th European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering}, year = {2016}, month = {1}, volume = {3}, pages = {6461-6470}, abstract = {Many traditional engineering design processes in industry have evolved, and nowadays they are supported by computational tools and methods. As a consequence, apart from the quantity of information and data, a network of simulation methods produces information at various level of detail and nature. Furthermore, human interactivity is an essential consideration when building and designing such computational systems, simply because there is a requirement to process and understand this information that is produced during an engineering project effectively in real time.}, doi = {10.7712/100016.2269.9111}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {84995487733} } @inproceedings{landahl2016product, author = {Landahl, Jonas and Levandowski, Christoffer and Johannesson, Hans and Söderberg, Rikard and Wärmefjord, Kristina and Carlson, Johan S. and Kressin, Jonas and Isaksson, Ola and Vallhagen, Johan}, title = {Using Product and Manufacturing System Platforms to Generate Producible Product Variants}, booktitle = {Procedia CIRP}, year = {2016}, month = {1}, volume = {44}, pages = {61-66}, abstract = {Product platforms have proven efficient as a means to reduce lead-time and increase product quality simultaneously. When using platforms to generate a family of products, the number of variants that need to be managed in manufacturing increases. To succeed with this, the manufacturing system needs to be maintained in a similar level of flexibility as the product platform. However, there is seldom a joint decision behind each and every conceptual product variant during development, regarding capability in manufacturing. For example, when considering producibility, some product variants require better tolerances than what the manufacturing processes can deliver. This uncertainty can be reduced, by making producibility analyses of a set of conceptual product variants. By performing several different analyses, knowledge can be gained, and joint decisions can be made about cross product-manufacturing aspects. The activities can be systematically arranged to gradually eliminate unfeasible conceptual product variants. In this paper we show how an integrated PLM architecture can be used to create sufficient knowledge as a basis for joint product and manufacturing decisions. The utmost company benefit of this is to reduce lead-time by taking manufacturing capability into account when developing product families.}, doi = {10.1016/j.procir.2016.02.132}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {84994112354} } @inproceedings{landahl2016assessing, author = {Landahl Jonas and Levandowski Christoffer and Johannesson Hans and Isaksson Ola}, title = {Assessing producibility of product platforms using set-based concurrent engineering}, booktitle = {Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering}, year = {2016}, month = {1}, volume = {4}, pages = {35-44}, abstract = {This paper presents a method to facilitate model-based producibility assessments of product variants in the early phases of platform development. The approach uses set-based concurrent engineering principles to explore and narrow down a design space towards feasible alternatives. A case including tool accessibility and assembly robustness of an aerospace sub-system platform is used to demonstrate the approach. The assessment activities can be prepared in parallel, and support the concurrency needed, across design and manufacturing, to serve improved process efficiency. Ultimately, the approach may reduce late design modifications thanks to increased reuse of manufacturing knowledge, as well as reduce cost thanks to less physical prototyping and testing.}, doi = {10.3233/978-1-61499-703-0-35}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {84994029472} } @inproceedings{stenholm2016challenges, author = {Stenholm, Daniel and Stylidis, Konstantinos and Bergsjö, Dag and Söderberg, Rikard}, title = {The challenges of different roles with engineering knowledge reuse}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Norddesign Norddesign 2016}, year = {2016}, month = {1}, volume = {2}, abstract = {Organizational knowledge is of important value for the organization and a significant part belongs to the organization through it employees. In order to make knowledge available for future use, different codification strategies can be applied. However, codification doesn’t often happen by itself and neither does the dissemination of the knowledge, in fact most of the time individuals are needed in order to make this happen. The paper aims to argue that several roles need to be current for successful knowledge reuse. This paper focuses especially on the role as knowledge disseminator.This paper is based on literature review and illustrated with a case within a automotive company.The paper proposes that different knowledge roles need to be concerned and analyzed to identify interruptions in the knowledge flow in order to effectively reuse current knowledge.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/39350/the_challenges_of_different_roles_with_engineering_knowledge_reuse}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Knowledge management}, scopusid = {84995899139} } @inproceedings{bertoni2016virtual, author = {Bertoni, Alessandro and Levandowski, Christoffer and Isaksson, Ola and Larsson, Tobias}, title = {Virtual Modeling for Lifecycle Performance Assessment in Aerospace Design}, booktitle = {Procedia CIRP}, year = {2016}, month = {1}, volume = {47}, pages = {335-340}, abstract = {The aim of the paper is to present an approach for the multidisciplinary evaluation of alternative modular concepts in preliminary design with the intent of enhancing engineers’ capability to simulate alternative scenarios with different design configurations, so to derive decisions about the most valuable design concepts to further develop. The research contribution is novel in the way that it expands the Set-Based-Engineering approach by addressing the “servitization” challenge in two ways: firstly by the use of value models and sustainability models as decision making support, making possible a preliminary assessment of the value contribution and of the sustainability performances of a design concept; secondly, by the use of functional modelling modules and configurable systems elements for platform-based design, to manage the complex relationships within and between parts of the platform throughout the lifecycle. The paper presents the main features of the approach and introduces an industrial case concerning the development of a module component for an aircraft engine in which the approach is applied for demonstration. The paper finally elaborates on the benefits and implications of the approach in the design process.}, doi = {10.1016/j.procir.2016.03.219}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {84978657145} } @inproceedings{arnarsson2016big, author = {Arnarsson, Ívar Örn and Malmqvist, Johan and Gustavsson, Emil and Jirstrand, Mats}, title = {Towards big-data analysis of deviation and error reports in product development projects}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Norddesign Norddesign 2016}, year = {2016}, month = {1}, volume = {2}, abstract = {Large complex system development projects, such as complete truck development projects, take several years to carry out. They involve hundreds of engineers who develop tens of thousands of parts and millions of lines of codes. During a project, many design decisions often need to be changed due to emergence of new information. The bulk of these changes are requested late in the development process. It is known that changes late in the development process are very costly and run a risk of delaying the project. These changes are often well documented in databases, but, due to the complexity of the data, few companies analyze engineering change in a comprehensive and structured fashion. This paper argues that “big data” (specifically data mining) analysis tools can be applied for such analyses and proposes a process for carrying out the analysis and using the results for product and development process improvement. The paper further accounts for experiences gained from testing the approach on a dataset consisting of 4,000 deviation and error reports that were created during a truck development project.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/39329/towards_big-data_analysis_of_deviation_and_error_reports_in_product_development_projects}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84995938127} } @inproceedings{isaksson2016virtual, author = {Isaksson, O. and Bertoni, A. and Levandowski, C. and Müller, J. and Wiklund, D. and Johansson, P.B.V.}, title = {Virtual contextual validation of technologies and methods for product development}, booktitle = {Proceedings of International Design Conference Design}, year = {2016}, month = {1}, volume = {DS 84}, pages = {669-678}, abstract = {In this paper the use of virtual demonstrators as means to contextually validate both design methods and novel Technologies in advance of industrial Product development. Since maturity requirements are high, and pure technology and methods development Projects typically result in promising, but not validated, methods and Technologies and full scale hardware demonstration initiatives are costly, there is a gap to fill.Functional Modeling and Value Driven design methods are used with Ceramic Metallic Composites technologies in a virtual demonstrator.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/38877/virtual_contextual_validation_of_technologies_and_methods_for_product_development}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84979974215} } @inproceedings{hallstedt2016material, author = {Hallstedt, S. and Isaksson, O. and Wallin, J. and Zetterlund, H.}, title = {Material criticality method - Product vulnerability from a sustainable business perspective}, booktitle = {Proceedings of International Design Conference Design}, year = {2016}, month = {1}, volume = {DS 84}, pages = {221-230}, abstract = {A novel method is presented, including a material criticality list and sustainability compliance index. The method aims to support an estimation of the vulnerability of a product concept due to material criticality and strategically guide early design decisions. A jet engine component design team evaluated the method. It was understood that the method increased communication and clarification regarding material criticality. Further, it became apparent that the method provided a collaboration link between the design team and the business development team.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/38832/material_criticality_method_-_product_vulnerability_from_a_sustainable_business_perspective}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {84979970340} } @inproceedings{strom2016instant, author = {Ström, Mikael and Raudberget, Dag and Gustafsson, Göran}, title = {Instant Set-based Design, an Easy Path to Set-based Design}, booktitle = {Procedia CIRP}, year = {2016}, month = {1}, volume = {50}, pages = {234-239}, abstract = {A simplified variant of Set-Based Design (SBD) was created. It was combined with the creative methods 6-3-5 and the Gallery method as well as the systematic method morphological matrix to generate solutions. This made it possible to introduce SBD in one day, which has been verified by tests on design problems at industrial firms. The methodology, Instant Set-Based Design (ISBD), was perceived easy to understand and was well received by the designers. The introduction of it was less cumbersome compared to the full version of SBD. The conclusion is that the developed methodology works as intended with good results.}, doi = {10.1016/j.procir.2016.04.194}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {84986596602} } @inproceedings{raudberget2016bridging, author = {Raudberget Dag and Landahl Jonas and Levandowski Christoffer and M\üller Jakob}, title = {Bridging the gap between functions and physical components through a structured functional mapping chart}, booktitle = {Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering}, year = {2016}, month = {1}, volume = {4}, pages = {107-116}, abstract = {Functional modelling can be challenging to integrate with physical CAD-modelling, since the natures of these representations are quite different. This paper presents a methodology seeking to bridge these representations in a product platform context. The contribution of this work is a pragmatic way to improve the connections between Functional Requirements and CAD models. It does so by structuring functions, features and components and by linking these through tags in CAD-models. The methodology thereby associates the CAD models to the functional knowledge used when creating them. The result is the functional mapping chart, which is illustrated by an example from the automotive industry.}, doi = {10.3233/978-1-61499-703-0-107}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {84994019275} } @inproceedings{gustafsson2016unveiling, author = {Gustafsson, Göran and Raudberget, Dag and Ström, Mikael}, title = {Unveiling Fundamental Relationships in Industrial Product Development}, booktitle = {Procedia CIRP}, year = {2016}, month = {1}, volume = {50}, pages = {204-209}, abstract = {Identification and clarification of relationships between product properties is fundamentally important in industrial product development. The process is however frequently perceived difficult. The presented research aims at clarifying if a visual tool can provide help in this work. The tool is a combination of previously known techniques and has so far been implemented at two product developing companies. Results and reactions from the tests are hitherto positive and the conclusion is therefore that this extended casual diagram can be a useful addition to the product developer's toolbox.}, doi = {10.1016/j.procir.2016.05.092}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {84986607494} } @inproceedings{chuchalin2015faculty, author = {Chuchalin, Alexander and Tayurskaya, Marina and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Faculty development programme based on CDIO framework}, booktitle = {Proceedings of 2015 International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning Icl 2015}, year = {2015}, month = {11}, pages = {441-447}, abstract = {The currently important competences of university managers and faculty staff include not only teaching and assessing skills, but also ability to develop and to execute a strategy of consistent modernization of educational programmes according to the purposes of university. The aim of this paper is to propose a model of how the CDIO framework (CDIO - Conceive, Design, Implement, Operate) can be applied for designing and implementation of faculty development programme and for shaping a particular set of skills of managers and faculty staff for efficient and consistent modernization of engineering programmes. According to the CDIO context the programme provides complex preparation of the trainees to go through all stages of educational programme improvement: starting with setting programme objectives and learning outcomes to evaluating its quality. The authors describe the structure and implementation technology of the programme as well as the results of its approbation. The programme evaluation obtained from various stakeholder groups showed that the programme is relevant, has high practical value and high level of novelty for all categories of respondents. Besides, the survey results reveal the issues which are particularly challenging for Russian HEIs and identify the faculty skills which are mainly wanted to develop.}, doi = {10.1109/icl.2015.7318070}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84964792042} } @article{levandowski2015two, author = {Levandowski, Christoffer Erik and Jiao, Jianxin Roger and Johannesson, Hans}, title = {A two-stage model of adaptable product platform for engineering-to-order configuration design}, journal = {Journal of Engineering Design}, year = {2015}, month = {9}, volume = {26}, pages = {220-235}, abstract = {Product platforms are used to enable mass customisation to serve a large number of different market segments. The products are configured-to-order, meaning they are compiled using a variety of pre-developed building blocks. However, the building blocks that make up a traditional platform can only serve customer requirements that are known. Engineering-to-order (ETO) development serves companies where customer requirements vary frequently. Here, designs are tailored to fit specific customer requirements upon request, an approach which is time consuming if serving a large number of different customers. This paper presents an approach for ETO configuration design. It comprises a two-stage model that enables design reuse while simultaneously maintaining flexibility to manage changes in customer requirements. The proposed artefact model is configured modularly to progress the design work and to create an architecture to work with, and scalable flexibility is maintained until the customer requirements are considered stable enough to optimise the final design. An illustrative case shows the approach's feasibility to a two-stage configuration of a rear frame of a jet engine. While using overall design considerations to select modules, trade-off curves are used for final scalable configuration. A change in customer requirements is accommodated by scalable flexibility, thereby creating an adaptable product platform.}, doi = {10.1080/09544828.2015.1021305}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {84939256936} } @phdthesis{raudberget2015industrial, author = {Raudberget, Dag}, title = {Industrial Application of Set-based Concurrent Engineering – Managing the design space by using Platform System Families}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2015}, abstract = {During product development, most of the customer value, as well as the cost and the quality of a product are defined. This key role of development in industry has led to an intense search for better ways to develop products, software, services and systems. Two development methodologies that have received positive attention for their efficiency are Set-Based Concurrent Engineering and platform-based design. This thesis presents the results of implementing the principles of Set-Based Concurrent Engineering (SBCE) in platform-based design as a means to improve the industrial product development. The contribution is a better understanding of SBCE and new ways to use its principles to support development processes. The results are developed in collaboration with industry and demonstrate that SBCE gives positive effects on many aspects of product development performance and on the resulting products. Further, it clarifies that SBCE has a distinctive way to manage the design space that promotes a thorough understanding of the important design parameters before committing to a specific design. Finally, this work presents a structured design process for managing the first phases of platform development. The studies in this thesis show that previous approaches in literature do not present methodological support for product architectures in the earliest stages of platform development. This work fills this void by introducing a new design methodology for modelling, assessing and narrowing down the architectural design space in the phases before embodiment. It allows exploration of more alternatives in the earliest phases of development, which ultimately may produce better designs.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/222075}, isbn = {978-91-7597-258-9}, type = {Doctoral thesis}, pubtype = {Doctoral thesis}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{corinstig2015technology, author = {Corin Stig, Daniel}, title = {Technology Platforms: Organizing and Assessing Technological Knowledge to Support its Reuse in New Applications}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Companies that develop a wide range of products often strive to exploit opportunities for synergy among them. Many products that cannot share components can still offer opportunities for synergy as they build upon the same technologies and know-how for their development and production. ‘Technology platforms’ is an approach focused on how to systematically leverage technologies across different applications, but prior research has mainly treated it as a business strategy, without providing support for the engineering work required to realize it. This thesis explores how a technology platform approach can be realized with methods and tools at the engineering level by seeking to answer three research questions: (1) what barriers exist to effective technology reuse, (2) how to organize technological knowledge, and (3) how to assess feasibility of a planned case of technology reuse. Three main research methods were used to answer these questions. Firstly by interviews with managers and engineers at a case company that operates in the aircraft engine industry, secondly by reinterpretation of existing literature into the field of technology reuse, and thirdly by the development of methods and tools for engineers. The findings related to the first research question suggest two important barriers to efficient reuse of technologies at the engineering level; the difficulties of creating, locating, transferring and deploying reusable knowledge from previous development, and the need for adapting technologies before introducing them in new applications. Two types of support for organizing technological knowledge are proposed as answers to the second research question. The first is to represent technological knowledge in a digital ‘technology catalog’ to increase awareness about existing technological capabilities within a company and provide a starting point for finding detailed knowledge. The catalog would feature pages of basic knowledge about technologies and provide links to detailed reports and contact information to relevant experts. The second proposed means is to model technologies in a relational database with specific fields for the design parameters and conditions they support, as well as their relations to other technologies and systems. This method supports a development methodology referred to as a ‘technology-based configurable platform approach’ that automates the generation and analysis of design concepts based on platform models. Technological knowledge modeled in the database would be used as boundary conditions for the configurator software to ensure that generated concepts are valid. In response to the third research question, an assessment methodology referred to as ‘TERA’, TEchnology Reuse Assessment, is proposed to support the identification of potential challenges of reusing technologies in new applications. The methodology features a scorecard that probes factors found in previous research to be inhibiting or supporting of technology transfer and reuse. The proposed methods and tools have so far only been subjected to initial tests at the case company, and although they show great promise, further tests will be required to validate their usefulness.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/226103}, isbn = {978-91-7597-302-9}, type = {Doctoral thesis}, pubtype = {Doctoral thesis}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true} } @article{bertoni2015model, author = {Bertoni, Marco and Hallstedt, Sophie and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {A model-based approach for sustainability and value assessment in the aerospace value chain}, journal = {Advances in Mechanical Engineering}, year = {2015}, month = {6}, volume = {7}, abstract = {In the aerospace industry, systems engineering practices have been exercised for years, as a way to turn high-level design objectives into concrete targets on system functionality (e.g. range, noise, and reliability). More difficult is to decompose and clarify sustainability implications in the same way and to compare them against performance-related capabilities already during preliminary design. This article addresses the problem of bringing the important—yet typically high level and complex—sustainability aspects into engineering practices. It proposes a novel integrated model-based method that provides a consistent way of addressing the well-known lack of generic and integrated ways of clarifying both cost and value consequences of sustainability in early phases. It further presents the development and implementation of such approach in two separate case studies conducted in collaboration with a major aero-engine sub-system manufacturer. The first case concerns the assessment of alternative business configurations to maintain scarce materials in closed loops, while the second one concerns the production technology of an aero-engine component. Eventually, this article highlights the learning generated by the development and implementation of these approaches and discusses opportunities for further development of model-based support.}, doi = {10.1177/1687814015590215}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {84990050173} } @article{wallin2015understanding, author = {Wallin, Johanna and Parida, Vinit and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Understanding product-service system innovation capabilities development for manufacturing companies}, journal = {Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management}, year = {2015}, month = {6}, volume = {26}, pages = {763-787}, abstract = {Purpose – Manufacturing companies are increasingly making efforts to combine products and services into integrated offerings. However, the companies’ success in such transformation is linked with the presence of structured routines and processes, which the authors conceptualize as product-service systems (PSS) innovation capabilities. The purpose of this paper is to address the important question of how manufacturing companies can systematically build PSS innovation capabilities and does its presence or absence significantly influence PSS innovation. Design/methodology/approach – This study is based on longitudinal data from an aerospace company, which acts both as an OEM providing through-life services for aircraft engines, as well as a developer of innovative subsystem technologies. Data has been collected over three years (2009-2012) and constitutes 40 in-depth explorative and semi-structured interviews with diverse respondents. For analysis of the data, the authors have used constant comparison technique leading to identification of three high-order categories. In addition, the authors gain from observations and secondary data which enable to achieve data triangulation and data validity. Findings – The results objectively depict an overview of how the case company developed PSS innovation capabilities, though progression of routines over three early PSS development stages. More specifically, the authors find evidence for development of formalized routines related to customer interaction and innovative organizational climate during need phase, cross-functionality, and network partnering during solution-seeking phase, and competence and business case development during solution development phase. As these routines become more structured within the case company, they forge a path for PSS innovation capabilities development. Originality/value – This study provides two distinctive contributions to emerging PSS literature. First, the authors propose and explain how PSS innovation capabilities are developed. Although prior studies acknowledge the importance of possessing specialized PSS innovation capabilities, limited studies have reported empirically how they are developed. Second, through adopting a longitudinal perspective, the authors reveal key routines and actions that drive PSS innovation during different development stages. To the knowledge, no prior study has combined insights from PSS literature and resource-based view to objectively explain capabilities development process.}, doi = {10.1108/jmtm-05-2013-0055}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {84930243932} } @article{tidstam2015systematic, author = {Tidstam, Anna and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {A systematic process for developing product configuration rules}, journal = {International Journal of Product Lifecycle Management}, year = {2015}, month = {3}, volume = {8}, pages = {46-64}, abstract = {This paper proposes a systematic development process for product configuration rules. The approach was to first conduct a literature review on product configuration research and knowledge–based systems (KBS). In combination within sights from empirical studies in the automotive industry this resulted in a generalised process model for the development of product configuration rules applicable to product families as well as products. The process is divided into three major stages which are further subdivided in steps: author (elicit, interpret, formalise, implement), evaluate (inspect, compute, test) and release. Best–practice methods are recommended for each of the steps.}, doi = {10.1504/ijplm.2015.068013}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {84924959474} } @inproceedings{hallstedt2015define, author = {Hallstedt, Sophie}, title = {How to define a sustainability design space}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2015}, month = {1}, volume = {6}, pages = {11-20}, abstract = {In order for a company to define a sustainability design space and become more sustainable it must know: what sustainability means; how sustainability can be achieved; and, how sustainability can be measured. The main contribution of this paper is an approach to define the design space for sustainability, with purpose to give support in the early product innovation process. A novel approach is presented for how to identify strategic sustainability criteria, tactical design guidelines and sustainability compliance index that are important parts of a sustainability design space. A case company within the aerospace industry has been chosen to test and validate the sustainability criteria and how it can give support in evaluating the current sustainability profile of a product component by using the suggested Sustainability Compliance Index (SCI). The result from company feedback and early pilot-testing showed that the sustainability criteria and sustainability compliance index can give support in decisions regarding sustainability perspective in early concept development. The pilot-tests also indicated that there is a need for further development and validation.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/37844/how_to_define_a_sustainability_design_space}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {84979650106} } @inproceedings{thomsen2015component, author = {Thomsen, Benjamin and Kokkolaras, Michael and Månsson, Tomas and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Component lifing decisions and maintenance strategies in the context of aeroengine product-service systems design}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference}, year = {2015}, month = {1}, volume = {2B-2015}, abstract = {Static structural engine components are typically designed for full lifetime operation. Efforts to reduce weight in order to improve performance result in structural designs associated with higher lifing uncertainty: Maintaining reliability levels may necessitate expensive manufacturing and maintenance solutions. In practice, repair techniques for such structures are available; however, they are not planned for during the design process. The objective of the research presented in this paper is to model and optimize component lifecycle costs with respect to lifing decisions, demonstrated by means of an aeroengine component design example. Both technical (failure) and legislative (certification) implications are considered. The impact of maintenance strategies (repair and/or replace) on lifing design decisions is quantified. It is shown that, under different conditions, it may not be prudent to design for full life but rather accept shorter life and then repair or replace the component. This is especially evident if volumetric effects on low cycle fatigue life are taken into account. It is possible that failure rates based on legacy engines do not translate necessarily to weight-optimized components. Such an analysis can play a significant supporting role in engine component design in a product-service system context.}, doi = {10.1115/detc201546967}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84978973732} } @inproceedings{axelsson2015characteristics, author = {Axelsson, Louise and Blome, Simon and Nourbarpour, Dennis and Nänzen, Johan and Yvonne, Platon and Malmqvist, Johan Lars}, title = {The characteristics of excellent designers - Findings from an interview study with Swedish innovators}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2015}, month = {1}, volume = {8}, pages = {131-140}, abstract = {Some designers are more successful than others. They have the ability to repeatedly generate new and innovative solutions to challenging problems. In this paper, we refer to designers who possess this level of skill as “excellent designers”. It would seem interesting to identify the characteristics of such individuals in order to better understand why they succeed while ordinary designer do not. However, there have been few published studies of excellent designers, and these studies have focused on one or a few individuals.In this paper, we account for a study of a larger group (15) of excellent designers. The aims were first to identify their particular set of knowledge, experience, working practices and personal characteristics and then to use the findings to generate proposals for how employers and educator can nurture excellent designers.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/37912/the_characteristics_of_excellent_designers_%E2%80%93_findings_from_an_interview_study_with_swedish_innovators}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84979649160} } @inproceedings{isaksson2015model, author = {Isaksson, Ola and Bertoni, Marco and Hallstedt, Sophie and Lavesson, Niklas}, title = {Model based decision support for value and sustainability in product development}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2015}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {21-30}, abstract = {Decomposing and clarify “sustainability” implications in the same way as concrete targets on product functionality is challenging, mainly due to the problem of showing numbers and ‘hard facts’ related to the value generated by sustainability-oriented decisions. The answer lies in methods and tools that are able, already in a preliminary design stage, to highlight how a sustainable design choice can create value for customers and stakeholders, generating market success in the long term. The paper objective is to propose a framework where Sustainable Product Development (SPD) and Value Driven Design (VDD) can be integrated to realize a model-driven approach to support early stage design decisions. Also, the paper discusses how methods and tools for Model-Based Decision Support (MBDS) (e.g., response surface methodology) can be used to increase the computational efficiency of sustainability- and value-based analysis of design concepts. The paper proposes a range of activities to guide a model-based evaluation of sustainability consequences in design, showing also that capabilities already exist for combining research efforts into a multi disciplinary decision making environment.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/37649/model_based_decision_support_for_value_and_sustainability_in_product_development}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {84979763305} } @article{hallstedt2015assessing, author = {Hallstedt, Sophie I. and Bertoni, Marco and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Assessing sustainability and value of manufacturing processes: A case in the aerospace industry}, journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production}, year = {2015}, month = {1}, volume = {108}, pages = {169-182}, abstract = {In spite of the growing awareness and significance of accounting for sustainability aspects in product development, design decision support is still immature in this end compared to other decision support areas, such as product performance and manufacturability. This paper proposes a novel decision support method that combines qualitative sustainability assessment techniques with a quantitative analysis, without losing transparency and still covering a full sustainability perspective. The aim is to contribute to an understanding for how to enable value assessment of sustainability issues already in early product development situations. The method, named Sustainability Assessment and Value Evaluation, combines two qualitative sustainability assessment techniques with a quantitative Net Present Value analysis based on alternative future scenarios. A case study, related to the development of a new high-temperature aero-engine component, illustrates both how the sustainability assessment identifies hotspots and clarifies potential sustainability consequences for a new product technology, and how Net Present Value is used to assess alternative solution strategies based on the hotspot, to facilitate early stage decision-making in design. The paper argues that the method serves two main purposes: i) to make sustainability consequences more concrete and understandable during design concept selection activities, rather than to have an exact measurement, and ii) to simplify and prioritize, systematically asking what is important in the sustainability analysis, rather than to reduce the sustainability problem. The method allows undertaking the sustainability assessment in a more structured way than what happens today in preliminary design, through scenario building based on socio-ecological assessments, including back-casting to cover the longer time perspective. In addition, the Sustainability Assessment and Value Evaluation-method provided the design team of a means for displaying sustainability consequences on an equal basis with other decision support tool results.}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.017}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {84981494477} } @inproceedings{stig2015tera, author = {Stig, D. Corin and Isaksson, O. and Högman, U. and Bergsjö, D.}, title = {TERA-An assessment of technology reuse feasibility}, booktitle = {Procedia Computer Science}, year = {2015}, month = {1}, volume = {44}, pages = {507-516}, abstract = {Instead of developing each new product from scratch, firms strive to reuse prior components and technologies in new applications in order to improve robustness, reduce cost and shorten time-to-market. Technologies come in the forms of methods, designs and processes, and are suitable for reuse since they are concepts for solving certain problems that multiple products have use for. However, reuse of technology where the application context is different requires adaptation of both the technology and the product system into which it is introduced. In practice, the magnitude and sources for this effect are often underestimated, which leads to unanticipated uncertainty in product development projects with consequences for robustness and efficiency in development. Based on available literature and needs identified within a case company, this paper proposes a method for identifying potential challenges of technology reuse that may otherwise be overlooked or only implicitly acknowledged. The method features a scorecard that guides a workshop to be attended by technology experts and managers where the prospect for successful technology reuse is assessed.}, doi = {10.1016/j.procs.2015.03.045}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Knowledge management}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {84938593332} } @inproceedings{raja2015generic, author = {Raja Visakha and Isaksson Ola}, title = {Generic functional decomposition of an integrated jet engine mechanical sub system using a configurable component approach}, booktitle = {Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering}, year = {2015}, month = {1}, volume = {2}, pages = {337-346}, abstract = {A procedure is proposed to functionally decompose an already existing integrated mechanical jet engine subsystem. An integrated sub system is a system where the same design object satisfies multiple functions: which is typically the case in aircraft engine sub systems and components. A generic decomposition method will allow implementation and use in automated design systems and will function as a means to build experiences into platforms. Using the procedure, an enhanced function-means tree (E F-M tree) consisting of functional requirements, means to satisfy the requirements and constraints was created for the integrated jet engine component. The E F-M tree is then used to generate a hierarchy of configurable components (CCs). A configurable component (CC) is a stand-alone conceptual object that contains the functional requirement, means to satisfy the requirement (or design solution) and constraints at a certain level of the E F-M tree. A specific CC hierarchy configuration results in the description of the product concerned. The usage of the CC hierarchy as design documentation as well as a template to derive other designs from is demonstrated. Finally limitations of describing product functional requirements using CC method and recommendations for further development of the method are discussed.}, doi = {10.3233/978-1-61499-544-9-337}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {84959296896} } @inproceedings{bertoni2015value, author = {Bertoni, Alessandro and Amnell, Henrik and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Value modelling in aerospace sub-system design: Linking quantitative and qualitative assessment}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2015}, month = {1}, volume = {2}, pages = {421-430}, abstract = {The paper presents a prototype of a value model where engineering design teams can play with cost and value data in a semi-structured way. In particular, the value model serves to facilitate communication of multidimensional information during preliminary design analysis and to visualize such information in a unique environment. The model first automatically generates, from the output of a computer-based simulation, a quantitative assessment of manufacturer costs and customer cost savings of a set on different configurations of the same design concept. Second, it couples to the results a qualitative assessment of concept risks and product and process commonalities. Third, it allows an assessment of the concept impact on the customers' ilities (maintainability, survivability, scalability, flexibility). The model has been developed in collaboration with an aerospace sub-system manufacturer and it ultimately aims to enable the maturation of the knowledge about cost and value aspects among the design team since the preliminary stages of design.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/37703/value_modelling_in_aerospace_sub-system_design_linking_quantitative_and_qualitative_assessment}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84979669508} } @article{bergsjo2015plm, author = {Bergsjö, Dag}, title = {The PLM user perspective: Identification of user needs and their organisational impacts}, journal = {International Journal of Product Lifecycle Management}, year = {2015}, month = {1}, volume = {8}, pages = {172-187}, abstract = {This paper concerns the user perspective when implementing and improving PLM in an organisation. The main issues investigated are how to efficiently identify, collect and prioritise the engineers' need towards PLM. This paper presents results from one qualitative and one quantitative case study performed at one independent automotive OEM, in Sweden. The case studies show that there are means to collect user-requirements efficiently that represent both the management and the engineering needs of the organisation. In the specific case analysed, the main practice to increase user acceptance would be to focus on improving information structure throughout the organisation.}, doi = {10.1504/ijplm.2015.070584}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Knowledge management}, scopusid = {84949556101} } @inproceedings{stenholm2015knowledge, author = {Stenholm, Daniel and Mathiesen, Henrik and Bergsjo, Dag}, title = {Knowledge based development in automotive industry guided by lean enablers for system engineering}, booktitle = {Procedia Computer Science}, year = {2015}, month = {1}, volume = {44}, pages = {244-253}, abstract = {The Systems Engineering literature acknowledges that the principles of Lean Product Development foster the achievement of higher program performance5. Work has been carried out to explore and capture synergies between traditional System Engineering, Program Management and Lean, which has been described as Lean Enablers for Managing Engineering Programs. Kongsberg Automotive in Kongsberg, Norway has transformed from a traditional product development process to a new knowledge focused process called Knowledge Based Development over a period of three years. This paper addresses the transformation from both a theoretical and practical perspective and maps the supporting tools that constituted a large part of the change. Additionally, the paper addresses the Lean Enablers (LE) that have been affected due to obstacles in transformation and future potential LE which have not yet been reached.}, doi = {10.1016/j.procs.2015.03.047}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Knowledge management}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {84938581495} } @inproceedings{stenholm2015knowledgea, author = {Stenholm, Daniel and Rossi, Monica and Bergsjö, Dag and Terzi, Sergio}, title = {Knowledge management tools and techniques: Extent of use in organizations and support for modularization}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2015}, month = {1}, volume = {10}, pages = {293-304}, abstract = {Customers always hold a lot of needs and requirements that are essential to undertake during every design decision. One way to meet these different needs and generate product family members that all have some commonality are by modularization and platform based product development (PBPD). Modularization and PBPD strongly deal with knowledge management (KM) and considerable slice of the knowledge of the company is included in the products and can be reused in the earlier stages of the development.Literature describes several KM tools that have the ability to support organizations in their product development process. Despite organizations recognize more and more knowledge as a strategic lever that can be used and managed, it is not still clear the role of KM as a support for modularization and standardization. Therefore, this paper contributes to the discussion on how knowledge management can serves as leverage for modularization. First, it defines general KM techniques and tools, and by looking at 103 organizations it also shows how well they are used. Secondly, via statistical analysis significant relationships of variables representing the KM tools and modularization are shown.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/38001/knowledge_management_tools_and_techniques_extent_of_use_in_organizations_and_support_for_modularization}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {84979686980} } @inproceedings{forslund2015designing, author = {Forslund, Anders and Levandowski, Christoffer and Söderberg, Rikard and Lööf, Johan and Knuts, Sören and Isaksson, Ola and Andersson, Petter and Frey, Daniel D.}, title = {Designing simulation platforms for uncertainty—An example from an aerospace supplier}, booktitle = {17th AIAA Non Deterministic Approaches Conference}, year = {2015}, month = {1}, abstract = {Variation poses a serious threat to the functionality, safety and reliability of aircraft. As the aerospace industry depends ever more heavily on modeling and simulation in their product development, there is an increased need to assess the effects of variation in a virtual environment. This paper outlines the methods proposed by a Swedish aerospace supplier to incorporate robust design methodology into platform-based product development. These methods evaluate how geometric variation affects the aerodynamic, thermal and structural performance of turbofan engine components. The results of the study show that simulation results are heavily affected by variations in geometry. Moreover, this study showcases automated simulation platforms as a powerful tool for robustness analyses. In addition to optimizing the robustness of products, these tools are equally effective as a tool for allocating engineering resources to optimize quality-to-cost ratio. © 2015 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc. All rights reserved.}, doi = {10.2514/6.2015-1599}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {85087238230} } @inproceedings{almefelt2015design, author = {Almefelt, Lars and Claesson, Anders}, title = {Design methodology applied for product innovation in a multi-disciplinary project - A case study}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2015}, month = {1}, volume = {8}, pages = {101-110}, abstract = {This paper takes its departure in the results of a research project aiming to develop resource-economicand lightweight car concepts and subsystems, as well as to stimulate cross-company businessnetworking. The project was carried out through collaboration between an automotive manufacturer,35 automotive suppliers, and six universities, most with Swedish affiliation. The initial phase of theproject was devoted to a creative concept study. For this purpose, a research team selected andfacilitated systematic design methods for requirements setting, creation, and evaluation of productconcepts. Through a workshop-based approach, 63 individuals organised in eight sub-teams set out ondeveloping innovative product concepts using the methods. This paper describes these methods as wellas demonstrates their application.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/37897/design_methodology_applied_for_product_innovation_in_a_multi-disciplinary_project_%E2%80%93_a_case_study}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84979649683} } @inproceedings{levandowski2015accommodating, author = {Levandowski, Christoffer and Stig, Daniel Corin and Raudberget, Dag and Johannesson, Hans}, title = {Accommodating emerging technologies in existing product platforms}, booktitle = {Iamot 2015 24th International Association for Management of Technology Conference Technology Innovation and Management for Sustainable Growth Proceedings}, year = {2015}, month = {1}, pages = {2237-2252}, abstract = {For many companies, proficiency in introducing new technologies is central to their business. For instance, for suppliers in the aerospace industry, having extensive knowledge about a specific technology can be crucial for getting to take part in the next airplane project. However, when new technologies emerge as a result of advanced engineering, they are often hard to implement in product platforms. The fragile nature of a working platform originates from the complex relationships between subsystems and variants. Introducing a new technology into the already fine-tuned platform may affect the performance of the platform negatively, or generate a too large development effort to handle. This may lead to reluctance towards introduction of new promising technologies, which in the long run may result in technologies being discarded as infeasible or being introduced much later than necessary. To be able to assess the impact of a technology and safely accommodate it in an existing platform architecture, it needs to be modeled appropriately. Current models of technologies do not describe them in relation to the architecture they are to be implemented in. Further, the common platform architecture models describe change scenarios from a top-down perspective. Technology introduction would require changing the platform from a bottom-up perspective. This paper suggests an approach to accommodate introduction of emerging technologies into a product platform by means of:- Modeling the technologies as systems in a shared model. - Using trade-off curves to describe the bandwidth of technologies.- Introducing a method for changing a present product platform to incorporate new technologiesThe method addresses a number of different factors regarding the new technology, e.g. its maturity level, in order to assess the appropriate course of action to safely use the technology in the existing platform. The approach is illustrated using a case from the aerospace industry covering the implementation of water-cooling technology as a means to increase the performance of a jet engine component.}, url = {https://web.archive.org/web/20170808162710/http://iamot2015.com/2015proceedings/documents/P311.pdf}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {84959297958} } @article{michaelis2015function, author = {Michaelis, Marcel T. and Johannesson, Hans and ElMaraghy, Hoda A.}, title = {Function and process modeling for integrated product and manufacturing system platforms}, journal = {Journal of Manufacturing Systems}, year = {2015}, month = {1}, volume = {36}, pages = {203-215}, abstract = {Manufacturing companies face increasingly tougher individual customer requirements that force them to revise conceptual solutions for the redesigning of products. This situation limits the reuse of ready-made components and requires physical changes to the manufacturing system. In these settings, platforms must be prepared with greater flexibility to allow development over time. The corresponding platform models need to include conceptual considerations for products and manufacturing systems. The literature advocates functional modeling to capture these considerations but applies it separately to either the product domain or to the manufacturing domain. Further, its relationship to manufacturing processes is not expounded. Thus, functional modeling falls short of its potential to facilitate the integrated development of products and manufacturing systems. This paper puts forth an integrated platform model using functional modeling to capture the conceptual considerations for products and manufacturing systems together with the manufacturing processes. The model is tested for consistency and then illustrated by studying a real case example from the automotive industry modeled according to the approach suggested. The example shows that the model facilitates an understanding of the design of products and their manufacturing systems, including functions shared across domains and across lifecycle phases. Thus, the model is proposed for the conceptual phase of designing, aimed at reusing and redesigning components, machinery, manufacturing processes and design solutions.}, doi = {10.1016/j.jmsy.2014.06.012}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {84942295672} } @inproceedings{landahl2015assessing, author = {Landahl, Jonas and Raudberget, Dag and Johannesson, Hans}, title = {Assessing system maturity of interacting product and manufacturing alternatives before early technology commitment}, booktitle = {Iamot 2015 24th International Association for Management of Technology Conference Technology Innovation and Management for Sustainable Growth Proceedings}, year = {2015}, month = {1}, pages = {2358-2376}, abstract = {This paper presents a new way to support early assessment of interacting product and manufacturing technologies based on system maturity. This approach is illustrated by an example from the aerospace industry, where alternative technologies are introduced in an existing product and manufacturing systems platform. By assessing the system maturity of interacting technologies, alternative solutions can be eliminated before early technology commitment. This is beneficial for 1) clarifying the company’s status regarding capability and maturity, 2) eliminating immature technologies within a certain capability bandwidth, and 3) prioritizing advanced technology development initiatives with respect to the risk of implementing a manufacturing technology to interact with a product technology. It may also enable reduction in design rework and manufacturing rework that comes with failed maturity matching of product systems and manufacturing systems, thus possible reduction in lead-time and cost could be met.}, url = {https://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/227186/local_227186.pdf}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84959259543} } @inproceedings{stylidis2015structuring, author = {Stylidis, Konstantinos and Landahl, Jonas and Wickman, Casper and Johannesson, Hans and Söderberg, Rikard}, title = {Structuring perceived quality attributes for use in the design process}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2015}, month = {1}, volume = {7}, pages = {33-42}, abstract = {Perceived quality has received much attention the last decade, mainly in the automotive industry. The focal drivers are the competitiveness within the premium segment, and customers’ high demands. The existing definitions of perceived quality found in the literature are fuzzy. Methods for assessing perceived quality do exist, however the attributes need to be incorporated into existing design support systems to be efficiently used in the design process. This paper is a first attempt to merge a new terminology framework of perceived quality with an apparent problem, observed at an automotive company, of incorporating perceived quality in the product design process. A case study was conducted at an automotive company to depict the current state of managing information. It was uncovered that information is scattered across systems and that the way to package information is assorted. A new framework, introducing Value Based Perceived Quality and Technical Perceived Quality is presented. To better incorporate the attributes into the design process, a platform system model is proposed. In this way, perceived quality attributes can be reused for various design applications.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/37885/structuring_perceived_quality_attributes_for_use_in_the_design_process}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84979711172} } @inproceedings{raudberget2015combining, author = {Raudberget, D. S. and Michaelis, M. T. and Johannesson, H. L.}, title = {Combining set-based concurrent engineering and function-Means modelling to manage platform-based product family design}, booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management}, year = {2015}, month = {1}, volume = {2015-January}, pages = {399-403}, abstract = {The purpose of this work is to develop a new design methodology for product platforms that combines Enhanced Function-Means Modelling and Set-Based Concurrent Engineering. The methodology presents new ways to narrow down the design space, which is increasingly important when several alternative designs are generated in Set-Based Concurrent Engineering. The result is the Architectural Option Chart that uses functional couplings between functional requirements and design solutions to eliminate unfeasible platform members.}, doi = {10.1109/ieem.2014.7058668}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {84988268678} } @article{pettersson2014accuracy, author = {Pettersson, Andreas and Kero, Timo and Söderberg, Rikard and Näsström, Karin}, title = {Accuracy of virtually planned and CAD/CAM-guided implant surgery on plastic models}, journal = {Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry}, year = {2014}, month = {12}, volume = {112}, pages = {1472-1478}, abstract = {Statement of problem. Studies of guided implant surgery have identified various methods that could influence accuracy. The present investigation was designed to limit the factors contributing to accuracy and to compare the results for 5 different surgeons. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate any deviation between virtually planned and actually placed implants by 5 surgeons performing computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)-guided implant surgery on duplicate plastic models. Material and methods. Five surgeons participated in the study, and each received 5 plastic maxillary jaw models. Thus, 25 models were used for implant placement with CAD/CAM-fabricated surgical templates. Each model contained 6 implants; therefore, a total of 150 implants were placed. The virtually planned and actually placed implant positions were compared for the apex, hexagon, depth, and angle with 2 computed tomography scans that were matched with voxel-based registration software. In addition, any differences in the 4 parameters among the surgeons were statistically tested. The data were analyzed with the t test, ANOVA, and Scheffé test (α=.05). Results. A statistically significant difference between the virtually planned and actually placed implant positions was observed for 3 of the 4 outcome variables (the apex, hexagon, and depth; P<.05). A statistically significant difference was also noted among all surgeons regarding the positions of the apex, depth, and angle. Conclusions. The results of this study provide a better understanding of the differences in accuracy between surgeons when using a CAD/CAM surgical technique. There was a significant difference between the virtually planned and actually placed implant positions and between the surgeons for some of the variable parameters analyzed. The null hypothesis was thus rejected.}, doi = {10.1016/j.prosdent.2014.01.029}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Design automation}, scopusid = {84912081657} } @inproceedings{kipouros2014integrating, author = {Kipouros, Timoleon and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Integrating value assessment into the computational engineering design cycle}, booktitle = {Opt I 2014 1st International Conference on Engineering and Applied Sciences Optimization Proceedings}, year = {2014}, month = {11}, pages = {2446-2455}, abstract = {In modern engineering, the application of computational design techniques is common practice at all phases of the overall design process of a product. Most often, these design systems are configured to identify the appropriate values of settings, or design parameters, that improve the performance of the product. However, very often, there are important aspects that can characterize the product in a qualitative way, for example, the comfort or the experience of the passengers in an aircraft. These 'metrics' can express the value of the product which is equally important as the technical performance. The development teams wish to include such metrics in their design process in order to develop a successful product as perceived by stakeholders such as the end customer. Evidently, there is a tradeoff to be made between quantitative performance characteristics and other - less quantifiable value assessment criteria. In this paper, we explore and expand an established Value Driven Design methodology for an aerospace problem. First Value Dimensions and Value Drivers are identified and somehow quantified and then we proceed with the visualization in Parallel Coordinates that enables the analysis and understanding of the conflicting trends between the Value metrics and the technical performance metrics, as well as hidden correlations between these metrics. Ultimately, we want to identify and formalize these relationships between the Value Dimensions and the Value Drivers for a given scenario. Hence, we can then proceed with the formulation of the design problem as a multi-objective, or multi-disciplinary optimization problem that will allow the designers to identify new solutions for a product that synthesize and balance desirable characteristics not only for a range of different disciplines, but also between quantitative and qualitative valuable properties. The steps of the proposed method are presented in detail that lead to the development of Value Driven Optimization capabilities. This is an iterative process that requires the interaction with the human designer which has a positive effect on understanding the design problem, establishing balanced requirements and allowing value for a broader range of stakeholders to be introduced in a computational engineering process.}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84911899039} } @phdthesis{elevandowski2014platform, author = {E Levandowski, Christoffer}, title = {Platform Lifecycle Support using Set-Based Concurrent Engineering}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Product development companies strive to provide their customers with high quality products, more quickly than their competitors, using as few resources as possible. One way of managing all three aspects at the same time is to reuse old, quality assured designs and knowledge in new products. A common way to do that is to create a platform with designs that are reusable in many different products. Traditionally, research on platforms has focused on finding ways to provide manufacturing with a low number of parts to be able to increase utilization of expensive production equipment. However, reuse of parts does not benefit all businesses, especially those where customer requirements continuously change. To cut development lead-time, other types of reuse are necessary. The use of platforms based on core technologies and re-configurable systems as platform elements may provide the necessary support. They enable reuse on a more abstract level, reusing technologies, requirements and concepts rather than ready designed parts. This thesis elaborates on support for working with the type of platforms that are integrated across the lifecycle of a product. The studies in this thesis show that platform approaches in literature today do not cover the need to support holistic platform development across all stages of a lifecycle. As a solution, configurable system elements are used to model platforms and the links between the lifecycles. The development processes and models may be further infused with set-based concurrent engineering to provide a framework for efficient development. These principles are integrated into the models and the processes to enhance the ability to manage the complex relationships within and between parts of the platform throughout the lifecycle. Further, development platforms may be supported by a Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) architecture for engineering-to-order configuration, but it can also serve as a tool to learn about the knowledge gaps that need to be filled to get a product that meets requirements.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/203912}, isbn = {978-91-7597-084-4}, type = {Doctoral thesis}, pubtype = {Doctoral thesis}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true} } @inproceedings{landahl2014future, author = {Landahl, Jonas and Bergsjö, Dag and Johannesson, Hans}, title = {Future alternatives for automotive configuration management}, booktitle = {Procedia Computer Science}, year = {2014}, month = {1}, volume = {28}, pages = {103-110}, abstract = {This research investigates the phenomenon of increasing cost that results from growing product complexity. To explore this phenomenon, interviews with ten senior managers and engineers with long experience in the automotive business were conducted at a car manufacturer. The interviewees agreed that configuring cars becomes more time-consuming and costly with increasing product complexity. In this paper we reason that there are upcoming solutions suitable for complex configurations. As a basis for this, we propose a distinction between limiting and managing product complexity, and stress that these approaches affect internal cost over time differently. If companies choose to limit complexity we suggest optimizing configuration rules, reducing variants or both. Conversely, we propose and contrast two different configuration strategies for managing complexity, 1) the Modular approach, and 2) the Configurable Component (CC) approach. The Modular approach may limit the ability to change. However, only few changes in manufacturing systems are needed. The CC approach is a long-term fully flexible configuration approach prepared for changes. As a drawback, the CC approach may involve high fixed costs due to the need for suitable manufacturing systems. We conclude that both the Modular approach and the CC approach are feasible for managing complexity. In a long-term perspective, it might be necessary to be able to prepare for change and reduce internal cost over time. The choice of limiting or managing complexity might therefore be a demarcation of future competitiveness.}, doi = {10.1016/j.procs.2014.03.014}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {84898008460} } @article{wallin2014bridging, author = {WALLIN, JOHANNA and ISAKSSON, OLA and LARSSON, ANDREAS and ELFSTRÖM, BENGT-OLOF}, title = {Bridging the gap between university and industry: Three mechanisms for innovation efficiency}, journal = {International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management}, year = {2014}, month = {1}, volume = {11}, abstract = {A key challenge for competence networking is the difficulty of contextual understanding between people from different organizations. Despite close collaboration, full insight into a company is difficult, although desirable, for university partners to achieve and vice versa. The case study described in this paper is of a company with long experience of university–industry collaboration. The paper reports on a designerly approach to overcome barriers of university–industry collaboration. The approach is combined with strategic, tactic and operational dimensions. It builds on three corresponding mechanisms: a tool to facilitate strategic understanding, workshops to facilitate tactical co-creation, and prototyping to facilitate operational ideation.}, doi = {10.1142/s0219877014400057}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {84899485691} } @article{bergsjo2014flexible, author = {Bergsjö, Dag}, title = {Flexible PLM architecture as an enabler for multidisciplinary engineering}, journal = {International Journal of Product Lifecycle Management}, year = {2014}, month = {1}, volume = {7}, pages = {249-265}, abstract = {This paper presents three case studies conducted at three independent automotive OEMs in Sweden: their purpose was to investigate the need for multidisciplinary integration in the product development process as well as the resulting engineering requirements on the PLM architecture. It is concluded on the basis of the three cases analysed that a flexible PLM architecture has the potential to fulfil the engineering need for flexibility and specialised tool support while maintaining well–documented data integration across companies. It also has the best potential to offer support over time, as local systems can be upgraded and replaced independently.}, doi = {10.1504/ijplm.2014.066802}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, scopusid = {84921022947} } @inproceedings{kaya2014global, author = {Kaya, Onur and Stenholm, Daniel and Catic, Amer and Bergsjo, Dag}, title = {Towards global deviation management in product development using pulse methodology: A case study}, booktitle = {Procedia Computer Science}, year = {2014}, month = {1}, volume = {28}, pages = {265-274}, abstract = {Problem solving is an important part of product development. Efficient deviation management together with efficient synchronization can increase the problem solving capabilities of companies. In this paper, we present a deviation management methodology called pulse methodology, which is widely used for product development management in Sweden. It is based on identifying deviations with traffic-coded magnets on a whiteboard and synchronizing the company with frequent meetings. We describe both the baseline pulse methodology and a specific adaptation case of it in a Swedish product development company where this research was carried out. Results showed that pulse methodology manages deviations in local projects efficiently and brings further benefits to the company. The aim of this research is to make the case company more efficient at managing deviations in global projects; specifically help them use pulse methodology for also global projects. In order to do so, we proposed improvements on pulse methodology to make it feasible to be used for global projects. The results have implications to all companies that use or want to use pulse methodology for managing deviations in global projects.}, doi = {10.1016/j.procs.2014.03.034}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {84898001558} } @inproceedings{eckert2014design, author = {Eckert, Claudia M. and Isaksson, Ola and Earl, Chris F.}, title = {Design margins as a key to understanding design iteration}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference}, year = {2014}, month = {1}, volume = {7}, abstract = {Design processes are subject to many uncertainties. Changes resulting from the need to respond to external uncertainties are one of the main drivers of engineering change and therefore for iteration in design processes. Another important cause of iteration in design processes arises from the dependencies in design information which is being generated as part of the design process itself. At the beginning of the design process engineers need to make an informed guess about the values of parameters that they need and can achieve. These values are passed on to others, who base their decisions on them. Design decisions are distributed and iterative among design teams, customers and suppliers. Communicated parameter values are uncertain in two different but related ways. First, there is the confidence, precision and commitment that the designers have in the values they specify. Second there are uncertainties in the values that can be achieved with the technology the new design employs. These issues become particularly challenging when they span design teams, customers and suppliers as they iterate to converge on a mutually effective solution. This paper looks at this type of convergent iteration through an example from the aerospace industry, which illustrates how uncertainty in operating temperature at the beginning of the design process requires a thorough understanding of the temperature ranges that solution alternatives, at different degrees of maturity, can operate under. This paper argues that the key to managing convergent iterations lies in communicating the available ranges of parameter values and in understanding how design margins have arisen in existing technologies. These margins on product parameters provide potential performance which exceeds immediate functional requirements. The paper develops and formalizes the concept of design margins and argues that margins are included into products for a variety of reasons that are not always transparent to different team members. Analysis of margins enables design companies to reason in terms of ranges of values describing the scope for design change in meeting customer and supplier requirements without being forced into unplanned iteration loops.}, doi = {10.1115/detc201434275}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84961350853} } @inproceedings{kaya2014exploring, author = {Kaya, Onur and Catic, Amer and Bergsjo, Dag}, title = {Exploring the possibilities of using image recognition technology to create a hybrid lean system for pulse methodology}, booktitle = {Procedia Computer Science}, year = {2014}, month = {1}, volume = {28}, pages = {275-284}, abstract = {Processes in product development are becoming more and more complex. A multitude of engineering disciplines are involved in the development of new products. New lean and agile methods arise. Pulse methodology is a lean deviation management methodology introduced by Scania in 2003, and since then many Swedish companies adapted it. It is based on synchronizing the company by frequently having short meetings (aka. pulse meetings) and visualizing the deviations using traffic coded magnets on whiteboards (aka. pulse boards). Even though the whiteboards lack providing efficient communication between distributed teams, still the users appreciate the simplicity of them. In this research, we presented a new methodology called hybrid pulse methodology, which solves the communication issues exist in the baseline methodology. We tested the methodology at the workshops we held in the companies, in simulated global meeting settings, using the demonstrator we developed for the methodology. This research contributes to the lean literature with a new methodology that ensures the synchronization of global organizations by providing efficient communication between distributed teams without damaging the baseline methodology.}, doi = {10.1016/j.procs.2014.03.035}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {84897970668} } @incollection{bergsjo2014industrial, author = {Bergsjö, Dag Henrik and Andersson, Matts and Söderberg, Rikard and Carlson, Johan}, title = {Industrial-scale Production of Customized Ceramic Prostheses}, booktitle = {Advanced Ceramics for Dentistry}, year = {2014}, month = {1}, pages = {327-341}, abstract = {In the early 1980s the industrialization of products based on the osseointegration principle discovered by Professor Per-Ingvar Brånemark started. The industrialization system has since gone through digitalization and automation, where now computer-aided imprisoning, design, and milling are standard features of a highly flexible production process for customized products. Lab production and central production are two ways of producing dental products. The central production principle offers the potential for better economy of scale and turnover of products, and the local dental lab can offer a higher degree of customization and personal service. Quality of dental products has always been of central importance and continues to grow. New technology and a highly digital treatment process are open for even better quality by the use of production simulations and tolerance analysis in all parts of the manufacturing process.}, doi = {10.1016/b978-0-12-394619-5.00015-8}, pubtype = {Book chapter}, scopusid = {84902232051} } @book{crawley2014rethinking, author = {Crawley, Edward F. and Malmqvist, Johan and Östlund, Sören and Brodeur, Doris R. and Edström, Kristina}, title = {Rethinking engineering education: The CDIO approach, second edition}, publisher = {Rethinking Engineering Education the Cdio Approach Second Edition}, year = {2014}, month = {1}, pages = {1-311}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-05561-9}, pubtype = {Book}, scopusid = {84955397230} } @inproceedings{stenholm2014knowledge, author = {Stenholm, D. and Landahl, J. and Bergsjö, D.}, title = {Knowledge management life cycle: An Individual's perspective}, booktitle = {Proceedings of International Design Conference Design}, year = {2014}, month = {1}, volume = {2014-January}, pages = {1905-1914}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/35332/knowledge_management_life_cycle_an_individual%E2%80%99s_perspective}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {84958043150} } @inproceedings{isaksson2014optimisation, author = {Isaksson, O. and Lindroth, P. and Eckert, C.M.}, title = {Optimisation of products versus optimisation of product platforms: An engineering change margin perspective}, booktitle = {Proceedings of International Design Conference Design}, year = {2014}, month = {1}, volume = {2014-January}, pages = {1947-1956}, abstract = {A truck manufacturer having a platform strategy typically balance between platform complience and product specific optimisation. This paper argues that the key to balancing product optimisation and platform optimisation, or platform efficiency, lies in understanding the margins that components have with regards to different sets of requirements. This paper draws on eight interviews with ten engineers in a Swedish truck company and examples from the authors’ industrial practise.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/35336/optimisation_of_products_versus_optimisation_of_product_platforms_an_engineering_change_margin_perspective}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Design automation}, scopusid = {84958078397} } @article{levandowski2014set, author = {Levandowski, Christoffer and Michaelis, Marcel T and Johannesson, Hans}, title = {Set-based development using an integrated product and manufacturing system platform}, journal = {Concurrent Engineering Research and Applications}, year = {2014}, month = {1}, volume = {22}, pages = {234-252}, abstract = {A platform is commonly used as a basis for generating a number of derivative products, after which it is replaced by a new platform. For some companies, a more viable approach is to adopt a continuous platform that is sustained and expanded over time. This applies to companies that have to provide highly customized products while not in control of interfaces, suppliers in the aerospace industry, for example. For them, the traditional part-based generation of platforms is not sufficient, and more flexibility must be built into the platform. This article proposes an approach for continuous platform development, based on an integrated artifact model and connected development processes. The processes apply set-based concurrent engineering to develop derivative products and to extend the bandwidth of the platform. The artifact model serves as a basis for development and connects products and manufacturing systems to enable informed design decisions that span across the lifecycle. The proposed approach incorporates two modes of platform use. Mode I is applied for configuring products to order within the bandwidth of the platform. This includes automatic concept evaluation using a pallet of computer-aided engineering tools and supporting tools. Mode II is applied when the bandwidth does not suffice to cover the required functionality and therefore needs to be expanded. This article exemplifies the approach through a case from a supplier in the aerospace industry.}, doi = {10.1177/1063293x14537654}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {84907381772} } @inproceedings{levandowski2014seta, author = {Levandowski Christoffer and Raudberget Dag and Johannesson Hans}, title = {Set-Based Concurrent Engineering for early phases in platform development}, booktitle = {Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering}, year = {2014}, month = {1}, pages = {564-576}, abstract = {Set-Based Concurrent Engineering (SBCE) is a comprehensive approach to achieve efficiency in product development by providing guidelines to align the development activities. Given a certain range in a design problem, a set of design solutions is defined. Eliminating infeasible regions gradually narrows the set down to a working solution. Similar to platform-based development, SBCE further aims to reuse design knowledge from past development efforts. Although they share the goal of design reuse, there is a fundamental difference between SBCE and platform-based design. The SBCE design process produces one solution while the creation and use of a platform produces a product family. This paper elaborates an approach for platform concept development. It uses set-based concurrent engineering and its principles to develop a platform based on functions and design solutions while preserving the bandwidth. It shows how function-means trees and trade-off curves can represent solution spaces. Further, these spaces are narrowed down to manageable and desirable size to represent a product platform in line with current technology and available manufacturing capabilities. The approach is illustrated with a case from the aerospace industry showing how a manufacturer of parts for a jet engine can develop comprehensive concepts for a platform. The design space is narrowed down using desired bandwidth and compatibility between design solutions. While the approach has proven feasible in the test case, it requires manufacturing and technology development to produce trade-off curves. This implicitly requires technology development and manufacturing development to precede product development. Alternatively, product development, production development and technology development need to be perfectly coordinated in a concurrent manner.}, doi = {10.3233/978-1-61499-440-4-564}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {84946013818} } @inproceedings{michaelis2014set, author = {Michaelis, Marcel T. and Levandowski, Christoffer and Johannesson, Hans}, title = {Set-based concurrent engineering for preserving design bandwidth in product and manufacturing system platforms}, booktitle = {ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition Proceedings Imece}, year = {2014}, month = {1}, volume = {12}, abstract = {Assembling products to order or applying straightforward configuration, such as scaling, allow the reuse of ready-designed physical components in high volumes. However, not all companies can exploit economies of scale in this way. They are burdened with additional design work, as requirements on functionality and performance differ among product variants or change over time. Such companies need artifact models and engineering processes that help them manage and develop for variety. Set-based concurrent engineering has been proposed for dealing with a variety of concepts during development that lead to a single product while storing knowledge gained. This paper adapts this thinking to the preparation and use of product and manufacturing system platforms. Here, the output is not a single product. Rather, a set of design solutions for products and manufacturing systems is designed that delivers flexibility in functionality and performance. In this paper, we call this built-in flexibility design bandwidth. The paper builds on an integrated artifact model for products and manufacturing systems. The model captures the rationale behind existing designs with their functionality. Here it is combined with principles of set-based concurrent engineering to outline a process for its preparation and use in cases of insufficient bandwidth that require additional designing. The preparation and use are illustrated by applying the model to an example where bandwidth is expanded and preserved.}, doi = {10.1115/imece2013-63624}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {84903462537} } @incollection{johannesson2014emphasizing, author = {Johannesson, Hans}, title = {Emphasizing reuse of generic assets through integrated product and production system development platforms}, booktitle = {Advances in Product Family and Product Platform Design Methods and Applications}, year = {2014}, month = {1}, pages = {119-146}, doi = {10.1007/978-1-4614-7937-6_5}, pubtype = {Book chapter}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {84929168482} } @inproceedings{rexfelt2013characterizing, author = {Rexfelt, Oskar and Almefelt, Lars and Malmqvist, Johan Lars}, title = {Characterizing and comparing service innovation in manufacturing firms and service organizations}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2013}, month = {12}, volume = {4 DS75-04}, pages = {437-446}, abstract = {One of the major trends within manufacturing industries is initiatives to expand service and aftermarket businesses. Goods and services are integrated in total solutions, and the customers pay for delivered functions rather than hardware. However, many traditional manufacturing firms have found it difficult to make decisions about what service to develop and launch. Challenges include assessing the quality of the service, customer value, and personnel and equipment requirements. Service organizations have more experience in assessing such qualities and it may be possible to transfer their approaches to manufacturing firms. This study compares processes and methods for service innovation at a manufacturing firm with those at three service organizations. Similarities and differences are identified. A framework is then constructed that proposes a basic typology of service innovations. The framework enables a firm to analyze its service innovation situation and proposes suitable methods dependent on the characteristics. The framework is applied to the situation of the studied manufacturing firm and strategic pathways for this firm are discussed.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/34974/characterizing_and_comparing_service_innovation_in_manufacturing_firms_and_service_organizations}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84897590686} } @inproceedings{wallin2013enabling, author = {Wallin, Johanna and Chirumalla, Koteshwar and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Enabling organizational changes for development of product-service system offers}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2013}, month = {12}, volume = {3 DS75-03}, pages = {11-20}, abstract = {The manufacturing industry is going through a transition from developing of products to the provision of product-service systems (PSS). Earlier research has identified different types of PSS offers, from product offers that include services as “add-on”, to the sale of services that include tangible goods as “add-on”. This paper addresses what consequences this has on manufacturing organizations undergoing PSS transition. The purpose of the paper is to clarify key success factors for organizational changes needed in the transition process of developing different types of PSS offers. The results are based on a case study of a manufacturer in the aerospace domain; the analysis approached organizational changes from organizational theory perspective. The study identified four key areas that need to be considered in the organizational transformation to PSS development: Business strategy and decision-making, Internal organizational structure, Team composition, and External networks and customer relationship. Based on the analysis of empirical data from these four areas, the paper discusses the successful organizational changes that are required in the transition towards PSS development.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/34896/enabling_organizational_changes_for_development_of_product-service_system_offers}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84897592976} } @inproceedings{hallstedt2013clarification, author = {Hallstedt, Sophie and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Clarification of sustainability consequences of manufacturing processes in conceptual design}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2013}, month = {12}, volume = {9 DS75-09}, pages = {145-154}, abstract = {In the conceptual design of aircraft jet engine components, not only the product architecture and dimensions are set but the associate manufacturing processes are also defined. From a design decision point of view it is critical to identify and characterize the consequences of alternative solutions. This paper reports on a case, where a milling process needed to be selected in an early design phase of a jet engine component. An Electro-Chemical Milling process was considered but its impact on sustainability needed clarification. An approach that combined a simplified Environmental Impact Assessment with a Strategic Sustainability Assessment was used. The main finding and contribution from the work is a method that helps to clarify consequences of sustainability-related issues by combining the two analysis tools with a risk analysis implementation. The results reveal that once the consequences can be clarified, increased attention and understanding are gained.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/34652/clarification_of_sustainability_consequences_of_manufacturing_processes_in_conceptual_design}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {84897602820} } @inproceedings{tidstam2013obstacles, author = {Tidstam, Anna and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Obstacles and development of support for translation of configuration rules}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2013}, month = {12}, volume = {4 DS75-04}, pages = {119-128}, abstract = {Collaborative product development is a method for reducing costs, but there is a risk of severe obstacles during the product documentation exchange. Product documentation for configurable products describes how parts can be combined with so-called ‘configuration rules’. This paper is based on a case study of the configuration rule exchange in a collaboration project between two automotive firms. The research approach was to create information and process models for the configuration rule exchange, and then to discuss obstacles and improvements. The results showed that the main obstacles were the difference in authoring methods, causing difficulties in detecting changes as well as a time-consuming reformulation of configuration rules. An implemented algorithm addressing the change detection serves its purpose to demonstrate the effort required to overcome this obstacle during a configuration rule exchange. The identified obstacles, and the effort to overcome them, are crucial to understand in order to motivate and direct further research of improved configuration rule exchange support.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/34942/obstacles_and_development_of_support_for_translation_of_configuration_rules}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84897646069} } @inproceedings{otto2013uncertainty, author = {Otto, Kevin and Levandowski, Christoffer and Forslund, Anders and Johannesson, Hans and Söderberg, Rikard}, title = {Uncertainty modeling to enable software development platforms that can automate complex mechanical systems design}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2013}, month = {12}, volume = {9 DS75-09}, pages = {247-256}, abstract = {Development platforms are automated software tools used to synthesize new designs. They are prevalent in the embedded system design domain, with applications ranging from integrated circuits, circuit boards, electro-mechanical controls, and entire networked systems. Historically, this has enabled rapid and error-free design of very complex embedded software and electronics hardware, even those that control mechanical systems such as aerospace and automotive controls through automation of the design process. The state of mechanical design automation has far less commercial adoption or industrial demonstration of development platforms in mechanical design. This paper elaborates on what challenges mechanical design automation faces to reach the level of design automation in the embedded systems domain. Given a design library approach, it is concluded that uncertainty management is a key issue for future research, including model uncertainty for mechanical design modeling. These issues are then contextualized using a case from the aerospace industry.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/34662/uncertainty_modeling_to_enable_software_development_platforms_that_can_automate_complex_mechanical_systems_design}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Design automation}, scopusid = {84897656502} } @inproceedings{levandowski2013plm, author = {Levandowski, Christoffer and Forslund, Anders and Johannesson, Hans}, title = {Using PLM and trade-off curves to support set-based convergence of product platforms}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2013}, month = {12}, volume = {4 DS75-04}, pages = {199-208}, abstract = {Platforms may be used as an enabler for offering a variety of products to the market, while keeping the development cost down. Reusing design knowledge is a key concept of platforms, whether concerning reusing parts, ideas, concepts or technologies. In set-based design, trade-off and limit curves are an enabler to store knowledge about technologies developed earlier, and to highlight knowledge-and technology gaps. This paper describes how trade-off curves derived from technology development might be used to incorporate technology knowledge in the product platform of an aerospace company. The product used as an example is a Turbine Rear Structure of a jet engine.Trade-off and limit curves, representing the technology platform, and a product platform based on the Configurable Component concept is implemented in a PLM architecture, integrating a Product Data Management system, a Computer Aided Design tool, two Computer Aided Engineering tools and a configurator. The analysis combines the trade-off and limit curves with CAE tools to create a comprehensive analysis of the set of possible solutions. The results are presented to the engineer as a means to aid in the convergence process through elimination of bad solutions from the set.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/34950/using_plm_and_trade-off_curves_to_support_set-based_convergence_of_product_platforms}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {84897632353} } @article{bertoni2013value, author = {Bertoni, Alessandro and Bertoni, Marco and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Value visualization in Product Service Systems preliminary design}, journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production}, year = {2013}, month = {8}, volume = {53}, pages = {103-117}, abstract = {Emerging from a study in the European aerospace industry, this paper identifies a gap in the way value-related information is communicated to designers of hardware in the preliminary stages of Product Service System (PSS) design. To fit this gap a Lifecycle Value Representation Approach, named LiVReA, that uses color-coded 3D CAD models to enable value information to be translated into visual features, is presented. Such approach aims at enhancing designers' awareness of the value contribution of an early design concept on the overall PSS offer by complementing requirements-based information with criteria reflecting the fulfillment of customers and system value. The paper details the development of the approach, its underlying rationale, the results of preliminary validation activities and the potential for industrial application in the light of the currently available PSS representation tools.}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.04.012}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {84878952242} } @article{hallstedt2013key, author = {Hallstedt, Sophie I. and Thompson, Anthony W. and Lindahl, Pia}, title = {Key elements for implementing a strategic sustainability perspective in the product innovation process}, journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production}, year = {2013}, month = {7}, volume = {51}, pages = {277-288}, abstract = {This article aims to present identified key elements for successful implementation of a strategic sustainability perspective in the early phases of the product innovation process. In-depth interview studies were conducted in six companies within the same corporate group. These, together with a review of literature, previous research and company documents, were a foundation for evaluating if and how a strategic sustainability perspective has been successfully implemented on a day-to-day basis in the product innovation processes of the studied companies. The results are divided into strengths and challenges of the companies with regard to implementing a strategic sustainability perspective in the product innovation process. From this research, eight key elements for successful implementation of a strategic sustainability perspective have been identified. These elements are divided into four categories: organization, internal processes, roles, and tools. It is posited that incorporating these key elements into product innovation processes will encourage a company to have a strategic sustainability perspective, which will support the company's long-term success.}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.01.043}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {84879922784} } @phdthesis{michaelis2013co, author = {Michaelis, Marcel}, title = {Co-Development of Products and Manufacturing Systems Using Integrated Platform Models}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Product first, manufacturing system second. While manufacturing companies in fact make their profits by selling products, the successful development and proper functioning of both the product and the manufacturing system need to be ensured. This consideration poses a challenge that must be met in a joint effort because the product and the manufacturing system are two technical systems that mutually affect each other. They do so not only inside the factory building, but also on the drawing board, before their final design is determined. With an emphasis on the mutual effect between the manufacturing system and the product, this thesis addresses the co-development of the two technical systems. It follows the idea of conducting development based on a strategy for managing change and variety, called platform. Rather than just regarding the reuse of physical parts, the thesis considers a platform approach that involves the definition of generic resources, such as systems, interfaces, and functions. The approach allows for the description of products and manufacturing systems with information about how they may change to produce variety and enable flexibility. Based on several industrial studies, the thesis explores how platforms can be devised for products, manufacturing systems, or both. It elaborates on how technical systems can be described for defining such platforms. Specifically, it proposes an integrated model that combines function-means trees, component structures, manufacturing operations, and their interactions. The model allows defining platforms that can be expanded over time and used continually to derive product and manufacturing system variants. Thus, it helps manage change and variety in products and manufacturing systems.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/186824}, isbn = {978-91-7385-938-7}, type = {Doctoral thesis}, pubtype = {Doctoral thesis}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{corinstig2013platform, author = {Corin Stig, Daniel}, title = {Platform Thinking for Technology Management}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2013}, abstract = {'Platform thinking' is a product development strategy for taking advantage of the opportunities for synergy among a set of products that share certain features. A specific development methodology is needed to efficiently synchronize the design and production of a set of products and both research and industry have been contributing substantially to the development of such methodology. However, a company may develop a wide range of products that for various reasons cannot share components, while still offering opportunities for synergy since they build upon the same technologies and know-how for their development and production. These shared assets cannot be leveraged among products using the same platform development methodology as for physical components and instead of leaving this opportunity for asset reuse to chance, this thesis explores how to systematically support platform thinking for technology development. As part of this research, two case studies were conducted at a company that operates in the aerospace engine industry. The studies revealed barriers to the reuse of technologies, including (1) the difficulties of locating, transferring and deploying knowledge generated by previous development projects, (2) the uncertainty of forecasting which technologies to develop for future reuse and (3) the need for adapting technologies before introducing new applications. Besides the empirical case studies, two additional contributions to the study of platform-based technology development are provided. The first contribution is a review of relevant literature existing in various research fields that approached technology reuse from a range of perspectives, including technology planning, engineering reuse and knowledge management. The second contribution is a proposed methodology for development using multiple levels of platform thinking, ranging from physical components to design concepts and technological knowledge. In the product- level of the platform, a range of possible configurations of parts, as well as a spectrum of acceptable design parameters for the parts included, have been prepared to make sure that multiple ways exist to derive products from the platform. For the technology- level, the methodology is supported by an internal software-based catalogue containing information on the technologies used within a corporation. A catalogue prototype was developed using Wiki software, which included basic information about technologies and links to existing reports and contact information to relevant experts within the company. While small-scale tests elicited positive reactions from intended users at the case company, further studies are necessary to validate the usefulness of the catalogue and address concerns raised during the tests regarding the security and validity of information held in highly accessible repositories, such as Wikis.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/173020}, type = {Licentiate thesis}, pubtype = {Licentiate thesis}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true} } @article{hogman2013applying, author = {Högman, Ulf and Johannesson, Hans}, title = {Applying stage-gate processes to technology development - Experience from six hardware-oriented companies}, journal = {Journal of Engineering and Technology Management Jet M}, year = {2013}, month = {6}, volume = {30}, pages = {264-287}, abstract = {The stage gate model has been proposed for application to uncertain technology development. Reports on industrial experience from such implementations are quite limited, however. This led us to explore in six companies what adaptations have been made to facilitate the model's usefulness for technology development and the companies' experiences from their practical application of the model. Our results indicate that aspects proven important for the operational success, or failure, of the model include the level of adaptation to the characteristics of technology development and a more flexible use than that normally found in product development.}, doi = {10.1016/j.jengtecman.2013.05.002}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {84878553722} } @article{catic2013effective, author = {Ćatić, Amer and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Effective method for creating engineering checklists}, journal = {Journal of Engineering Design}, year = {2013}, month = {6}, volume = {24}, pages = {453-475}, abstract = {This paper presents the results of an empirical study of a project whose aim was to develop a driveline for commercial vehicle applications containing a totally new mechatronic sub-system with a significant amount of new functions and interfaces. The purpose of the empirical study was to identify areas where explicit knowledge management efforts are needed in the development process of a mechatronic systems integrator. The results show that the management of knowledge related to component/system interfaces is not addressed neither in the state of practice nor the state of the art. Based on these findings, the method of engineering checklists to manage interface related knowledge was found suitable. Methods on how to implement engineering checklists however are largely lacking and the main contribution of this paper is a method dedicated to creating engineering checklists from a knowledge management perspective. The evaluation of the developed method indicates a high level of both usefulness and usability of the method in the processes of the studied company along with potential improvement mainly regarding the instructions for the application of the method.}, doi = {10.1080/09544828.2013.766824}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {84875215854} } @article{bratt2013assessment, author = {Bratt, Cecilia and Hallstedt, Sophie and Robèrt, K.-H. and Broman, Göran and Oldmark, Jonas}, title = {Assessment of criteria development for public procurement from a strategic sustainability perspective}, journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production}, year = {2013}, month = {3}, volume = {52}, pages = {309-316}, abstract = {Green public procurement has emerged as a policy instrument with a significant potential to steer procurers' and producers' decisions in a sustainable direction. The purpose of this study is to assess the process for development of green public procurement criteria at a Swedish governmental expert body from a strategic sustainability perspective, i.e. to identify strengths and weaknesses from such a perspective as a basis for making this process more supportive of sustainable product and service innovation. A previously published framework for strategic sustainable development is used for the assessment. The assessment shows that the criteria development process is transparent, well-documented and that it encourages a high level of participation by the members of the working groups. However, the assessment also points to several weaknesses of the process. These include, e.g., a limited impact perspective and lack of a clear definition of sustainability objectives. The development process therefore results in criteria which mainly concern a selection of current environmental impacts outside the context of long-term objectives and consequently there are no strategies to prepare for future processes. The conclusion is that the current process may result in improvements as regards some known environmental problems, but to allow for a strategic approach that could more significantly promote innovative product-service system solutions in support of sustainable development, process changes are needed. Essential process changes are proposed in this paper.}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.02.007}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {84878420519} } @article{levandowski2013integrated, author = {Levandowski, Christoffer E and Corin-Stig, Daniel and Bergsjö, Dag and Forslund, Anders and Högman, Ulf and Söderberg, Rikard and Johannesson, Hans}, title = {An integrated approach to technology platform and product platform development}, journal = {Concurrent Engineering Research and Applications}, year = {2013}, month = {3}, volume = {21}, pages = {65-83}, abstract = {Platforms may enable offering a variety of products to the market while keeping the development cost down. Reusing design knowledge is a key concept, whether manifested as reusing parts, ideas, concepts, or technologies. This article describes processes and information technology solutions for holistically working with both technology platforms and product platforms. A platform framework was developed for managing information and to support the processes. The use of the framework is illustrated through a case study performed at a subsupplier in the aerospace industry focusing on technology development, platform-based product development, and platform configuration. A wiki system supports the technology platform, containing electronic guidelines, methods, and information about the technologies. To support the product platform, a product lifecycle management architecture is created. A turbine rear structure from a turbofan engine is used as an example, requiring several different analysis technologies to be used and coordinated when creating a variant. The solution is a product lifecycle management architecture created based on the technology platform. It integrates a product data management system, a computer-aided design tool, two computer-aided engineering tools, and a configurator.}, doi = {10.1177/1063293x12467808}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {84875275258} } @article{gedell2013design, author = {Gedell, Stellan and Johannesson, Hans}, title = {Design rationale and system description aspects in product platform design: Focusing reuse in the design lifecycle phase}, journal = {Concurrent Engineering Research and Applications}, year = {2013}, month = {3}, volume = {21}, pages = {39-53}, abstract = {One key to efficient and effective reuse in product-developing companies is platform-based design. Future platforms need to more efficiently deal with: concurrency, information-rich designs and fast realization of design derivates. This calls for new ways to describe platform-based designs. The configurable component framework is intended to support concurrent, complex, and variant-rich system design considering the complete product life cycle. This article presents case studies where an extended function-means model, acting as a design rationale, is incorporated into the configurable component concept. This includes an adaptation to handle design bandwidth, a more transparent and explicit constraint handling, and the composition of a system design rationale based on multiple function-means models. This approach enables the description of complex, encapsulated configurable systems composed using multiple (sub) systems and supports concurrent engineering in a supply chain.}, doi = {10.1177/1063293x12469216}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {84875276108} } @inproceedings{hallstedt2013decision, author = {Hallstedt, Sophie and Thompson, Anthony W. and Isaksson, Ola and Larsson, Tobias C. and Ny, Henrik}, title = {A decision support approach for modeling sustainability consequences in an aerospace value chain}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference}, year = {2013}, month = {1}, volume = {4}, abstract = {Next generation jet engine technologies are typically driven by performance, value and environmental challenges, and appropriate technologies are developed in international research programs. One on-going engine component technology project at an aerospace component manufacturer aims to develop an engine with less fuel consumption. A likely consequence is higher pressure in the core engine, which leads to higher temperature. One way to handle the higher temperature is using a more advanced Ti-alloy for the product component, which will render a different sustainability profile. One weakness in current decision situations is the inability to clarify and understand the “value” and “sustainability” implications compared to e.g. performance features of concepts. Both “value” and “sustainability” include a rich set of features important for successful introduction of new products and product-service solutions to the market. The purpose with this research is to provide decision support for companies in early development phases for assessment of value and sustainability consequences over product-service system lifecycles. A workshop was held with the aerospace component manufacturer and a value chain partner focusing on material handling, to: i) get a better understanding of activities, flows and ownership related to the studied materials at the two companies, ii) to understand the companies’ perspective at new suggested scenarios with regard to these materials, and iii) define relevant scenarios to look into more in depth from a sustainability and value perspective. Three different scenarios were developed with differences in ownership, responsibilities and value streams. It is therefore essential to be able to quickly assess and optimize consequences of such alternative scenarios. Based on the workshop experiences and scenarios, a modeling and simulation approach to assess sustainability and value consequences for the scenarios is proposed. The sustainability consequences are based on a sustainability life cycle assessment and a risk assessment. Key features of the proposed tool include: consideration of the time dimension, societal sustainability consequences, risk assessment, company value assessment, and cost/revenue perspectives.}, doi = {10.1115/detc2013-12975}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {84899071973} } @article{enelund2013integration, author = {Enelund, M and Knutson Wedel, M and Lundqvist, U and Malmqvist, J}, title = {Integration of education for sustainable development in the mechanical engineering curriculum}, journal = {Australasian Journal of Engineering Education}, year = {2013}, month = {1}, volume = {19}, pages = {51-62}, abstract = {This paper presents and analyses the integration with progression of educationfor sustainable development in Chalmers University of Technology’s MScEng programme inMechanical Engineering. The program has an aim and structure that emphasises employability,integration of general engineering skills, authentic engineering experiences with a focus on holisticview of the complete lifecycle of products and systems. The realisation of these aims stress the needof an integrated and adaptable sustainable development education for mechanical engineering. Toreach this goal, we applied a combined top-down and bottom-up education development processthat started with the formulation of program vision and program level learning outcomes. Facultymeetings and workshop were used to formulate the course learning outcomes and to map the programlevel outcomes to courses in which the outcomes are satisfi ed followed this. The strategy integratedspecifi c sustainability topics in courses where it is appropriate and to have a separate course insustainable development to ensure that general aspects of sustainable development are included andthat a team of faculty takes full responsibility for this. Design-build-test project courses are shownto be suitable arenas for integrating teaching and learning of sustainable development. Resultsfrom a student survey on perceptions of the relevance and quality of sustainability education arediscussed. Finally, continuing challenges in the area are identified}, doi = {10.7158/d12-018.2013.19.1}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {84892454310} } @inproceedings{catic2013development, author = {Ćatić, Amer and Sobek II, Durward K.}, title = {Development of key performance indicators for knowledge management}, booktitle = {IIE Annual Conference and Expo 2013}, year = {2013}, month = {1}, pages = {961-970}, abstract = {A global heavy truck development organization is engaged in an aggressive campaign to improve its efficiency, speed, and effectiveness in developing new products. One of the cornerstones of this initiative is knowledge management, which is recognized as a significant challenge in part because so few practical tools exist to help manage knowledge growth. This paper presents the results of a collaborative project to develop key performance indicators (KPIs) for knowledge management in a lean product development context. We present a framework that outlines three key touch points where product development organizations should focus attention in order to encourage rapid knowledge growth and effective knowledge reuse in a project-oriented matrix organization. We then outline the collaborative approach used to develop KPI's for these touch points, along with preliminary results and future work.}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Knowledge management}, scopusid = {84900303639} } @inproceedings{vallhagen2013framework, author = {Vallhagen, Johan and Isaksson, Ola and Söderberg, Rikard and Wärmefjord, Kristina}, title = {A framework for producibility and design for manufacturing requirements in a system engineering context}, booktitle = {Procedia CIRP}, year = {2013}, month = {1}, volume = {11}, pages = {145-150}, abstract = {Aircraft engine technology has evolved and matured over a 70 year period under a continous pressure to become more sustainable, fuel efficient, noise efficient, etc. while ensuring robustness and cost efficiency in production and product operation through life. This paper addresses how current challenges, trends and practices enable the introduction of competitive production and through life operation support into new aircraft engine products. Specifically, the area of structural jet engine sub-structures and components is addressed, where product optimization is dominated by weigth optimization, but also characterised by increased expectations of functionality. As a means, novel manufacturing processes are introduced, and one means is to adopt a so called fabrication approach, where the component is build based on assemlying sub-components with better controlled properties into a component using various joining technologies such as welding. The paper presents a framework based on tigther refining a systems engineering and requirements engineering approach that, combined with a set-based engineering approach, allow for building of re-useable and adaptable engineering methods. Through systematically building this framework, and making use of state of the art modeling and simulation technologies, the introduction of the novel technologies necessarily to increase the engine sub-system performance can be realized without compromizing risk and cost. The paper displays by example some of the challenges that successfully have been addressed, and also some remaining that currently drive development of new practises, methods and tools. In conclusion, a more integrated framework to tie a systems engineering approach with the use of advanced modeling and simulation technologies in a reuseable manner, is a way to balance between product performance and producibility. Still the area is undergoing intence development and challenges for research, development and practice still remain.}, doi = {10.1016/j.procir.2013.07.041}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {84885812774} } @inproceedings{eckert2013components, author = {Eckert, Claudia and Earl, Chris and Lebjioui, Safaa and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Components margins through the product lifecycle}, booktitle = {IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology}, year = {2013}, month = {1}, volume = {409}, pages = {39-47}, abstract = {Engineering change is ubiquitous throughout the product lifecycle to meet new requirements or deal with emerging problems in the product. Components have a certain capacity to buffer the impact of changes before they pass changes on to other components. These buffers are margins on the components which exceed the current requirements. Typically these margins are designed into a product at the beginning and eroded in the course of the design process or during future upgrades. Fundamental design decisions are being taken based on an understanding of the margins available when considering design alternatives. This paper argues that the knowledge and understanding of these margins is the key to managing engineering changes through the product lifecycle. By tracking key product margins a company can assess when an engineering change could lead to costly knock-on effects.}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-41501-2_5}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {84925175137} } @inproceedings{bergsjo2013assessing, author = {Bergsjö, Dag and Stig, Daniel Corin and Johansson, Per}, title = {Assessing product development efficiency at Volvo Powertrain: Focus on systems engineering and lean principles at two global sites}, booktitle = {23rd Annual International Symposium of the International Council on Systems Engineering Incose 2013}, year = {2013}, month = {1}, volume = {2}, pages = {1481-1492}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, scopusid = {84896290355} } @inproceedings{bertoni2013valuea, author = {Bertoni, Marco and Bertoni, Alessandro and Isaksson, Ola and Amnell, Henrik and Johansson, Christian}, title = {Value-oriented concept selection in aero-engine sub-systems design: The EVOKE approach}, booktitle = {23rd Annual International Symposium of the International Council on Systems Engineering Incose 2013}, year = {2013}, month = {1}, volume = {2}, pages = {977-991}, abstract = {Value Driven Design methodologies extend the Requirements Management and Systems Engineering processes to reduce time and costs needed to identify the right solution direction to be pursued in detailed design. Emerging from the findings of an EU FP7 research project, the paper describes an approach, named EVOKE, that uses value as a basis for preliminary concept selection in the design of system components. EVOKE takes as input a list of value dimensions and drivers communicated by the system integrators, together with information about the high‐level engineering characteristics of a candidate design, to enable early stage value analysis to be executed the by sub‐system manufacturers. The approach and its technological enablers are described in detail through the use of a case study related to the design of new intermediate compressor case for turbofan engines.}, doi = {10.1002/j.2334-5837.2013.tb03053.x}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84896260905} } @inproceedings{tidstam2013comparison, author = {Tidstam, Anna and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Comparison of configuration rule visualizations methods}, booktitle = {IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology}, year = {2013}, month = {1}, volume = {409}, pages = {550-559}, abstract = {The aim of this paper is to compare matrix-and list-based configuration rule visualization methods in order to find the effects of using a certain visualization method. Especially, the visualizations' impact on readability and how the configuration rules are authored are studied. A case study was conducted at two automotive manufacturing companies. The research method included to observe users as they were authoring configuration rules, to study the visualization methods, and to interviews users of the PDM system visualizing the configuration rules. It was found that common aim for the users is to author easy to read configuration rules, which this paper shows is highly dependent on the visualization method. The conclusion is thereby that the choice of visualization method influence how the configuration rules are authored.}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-41501-2_55}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84925073409} } @inproceedings{ny2013strategic, author = {Ny, Henrik and Hallstedt, Sophie and Ericson, Åsa}, title = {A strategic approach for sustainable product service system development}, booktitle = {CIRP Design 2012 Sustainable Product Development}, year = {2013}, month = {1}, pages = {427-436}, abstract = {Product-Service Systems (PSS) have been justified by a desire to find sustainable solutions that go beyond contemporary approaches. The characteristics of PSS offerings are to link goods and services in development and to provide systemic performance-based solutions to the customers. This paper investigates how established strategic product development tools for socio-ecological sustainability could be adapted for PSS development. An approach is suggested for how to apply these tools in early PSS development phases.}, doi = {10.1007/978-1-4471-4507-3_41}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {84903954825} } @inproceedings{isaksson2013value, author = {Isaksson, Ola and Kossmann, Mario and Bertoni, Marco and Eres, Hakki and Monceaux, Anne and Bertoni, Alessandro and Wiseall, Steve and Zhang, Xinwei}, title = {Value-Driven Design - A methodology to Link Expectations to Technical Requirements in the Extended Enterprise}, booktitle = {23rd Annual International Symposium of the International Council on Systems Engineering Incose 2013}, year = {2013}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {171-187}, abstract = {Current systems engineering (SE) standards do not address ‘Value’ in much detail. Yet, understanding what drives the generation of stakeholder value in a given business context, is fundamental to promoting a common and clear vision throughout the extended enterprise, of what should be the focus of their early, conceptual work at all levels of development. This paper presents a Value‐Driven Design (VDD) methodology designed to strengthen the value and requirements maturation process within an extended enterprise setting. The work presented is the result of a three and a half year European program (CRESCENDO) within the aerospace sector. The VDD methodology is introduced and explained in an industrial aircraft development context and a selection of enabling methods and tools associated to the VDD methodology is presented.}, doi = {10.1002/j.2334-5837.2013.tb03055.x}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, scopusid = {84896093130} } @inproceedings{stig2013proposed, author = {Stig, Daniel Corin}, title = {A proposed technology platform framework to support technology reuse}, booktitle = {Procedia Computer Science}, year = {2013}, month = {1}, volume = {16}, pages = {918-926}, abstract = {Managing a technology portfolio is one of the great challenges for sustained success, especially in high-technology industries where technologies can be a major selling point. For engineers, this portfolio is more of a toolbox for solving design problems, but in large organizations there can be so many technologies used in different business areas that even the engineers may not be aware of all of them. When the same technologies are used in different types of products, knowledge about them can also be generated by various groups within an organization. To improve the usefulness of a company's technology base, this paper proposes the use of a technology platform approach based on a framework featuring three different types of activities. The first approach is about adapting the technology base to future needs with the help of portfolio management techniques. The second approach serves to create awareness and shared understanding through an interactive technology catalogue!}, doi = {10.1016/j.procs.2013.01.096}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {84898713725} } @inproceedings{bokinge2012method, author = {Bokinge, Mattias and Levandowski, Christoffer and Malmqvist, Johan and Johannesson, Hans}, title = {A method to identify risks associated with a PLM solution}, booktitle = {IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology}, year = {2012}, month = {12}, volume = {388 AICT}, pages = {512-524}, abstract = {Not all investments in PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) are successful. Measuring the business effects of a PLM is essential, but can only be applied subsequent to solution deployment. It could be more powerful to make an early evaluation of the PLM solution, resulting in the business benefits, making corrections possible prior to deployment. In this paper, a method to identify risks associated with a PLM solution is proposed based on an architecture model of a PLM solution and available PLM solution guidelines. Its use is demonstrated in an industry case and evaluated as compared to its intended use. The intention is that identified risks can help identify change proposals to the PLM solution or to obtain a better understanding of the consequences for solution deployment. The findings indicate that the method is a useful support for identifying risks associated with a PLM solution. However, additional testing of the method in real settings is necessary to strengthen that indication.}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-35758-9_46}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {84872691862} } @inproceedings{voronov2012verification, author = {Voronov, Alexey and Tidstam, Anna and Åkesson, Knut and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Verification of item usage rules in product configuration}, booktitle = {IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology}, year = {2012}, month = {12}, volume = {388 AICT}, pages = {182-191}, abstract = {In the development of complex products product configuration systems are often used to support the development process. Item Usage Rules (IURs) are conditions for including specific items in products bills of materials based on a high-level product description. Large number of items and significant complexity of IURs make it difficult to maintain and analyze IURs manually. In this paper we present an automated approach for verifying IURs, which guarantees the presence of exactly one item from a predefined set in each product, as well as that an IUR can be reformulated without changing the set of products for which the item was included.}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-35758-9_16}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {84872729115} } @inproceedings{thompson2012introductory, author = {Thompson, A.W. and Hallstedt, S. and Isaksson, O.}, title = {Introductory approach for sustainability integration in conceptual design}, booktitle = {Proceedings of International Design Conference Design}, year = {2012}, month = {12}, volume = {DS 70}, pages = {1151-1160}, abstract = {This work introduces an approach for how to develop and put into use sustainability criteria in conceptual design by utilizing a set of sustainability principles as design boundaries and aligning sustainability criteria throughout each of the steps of a g}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/32083/introductory_approach_for_sustainability_integration_in_conceptual_design}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {84879698058} } @inproceedings{rissanen2012evaluating, author = {Rissanen, N.E. and Malmqvist, J. and Pulkkinen, A.J.}, title = {Evaluating the structural complexity of a product family}, booktitle = {Proceedings of International Design Conference Design}, year = {2012}, month = {12}, volume = {DS 70}, pages = {1597-1604}, abstract = {Introducing improved products is essential for many companies in order to stay competitive. Often, improvements are triggered by customer feedback but also engineers may develop solutions which improve the reliability, usability or safety of the product. However, implementing a new solution in a product or in a whole product family is not an easy task. In many cases, the consequences of the}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/32129/evaluating_the_structural_complexity_of_a_product_family}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {84879706784} } @inproceedings{forslund2012robust, author = {Forslund, A. and Levandowski, C. and Lööf, J. and Söderberg, R.}, title = {Robust lifecycle optimization of turbine components using simulation platforms}, booktitle = {28th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences 2012 Icas 2012}, year = {2012}, month = {12}, volume = {4}, pages = {2593-2604}, abstract = {n early phases of turbofan engine component design, simulation is favored since it reduces the need for expensive physical testing. However, deterministic simulations for model validation do not consider uncertainty at all. Uncertainties can be classified into three types: aleatory uncertainties, epistemic uncertainties, and error. In this paper, we investigate the potential of a multidisciplinary simulation platform to address these uncertainties and errors for a given test case. We place specific focus on the geometry assurance of a given turbofan component - the Turbine Rear Structure (TRS). Simulations are generally performed based on nominal geometries, materials and loads. However, when a product is mass-produced, each realization of the product design will deviate from the nominal geometry. By generating CAD models from scanned 3D-data of manufactured parts and running them through the simulation platform, the effect that geometric variation has on aerodynamic and structural performance can be investigated. Further, by moving the reference points in a virtual assembly process, we can, to some extent, suppress the effects that this variation has on aerodynamic and structural performance. From a technical point of view, the suggested approach means a significantly improved ability to numerically simulate and optimize robustness of component designs with functionality criteria from principally different disciplines. From an industrial application point of view, the suggested approach provides a tool for including part variation in the early design face, rather than being treated downstream in the development process.}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {84881521795} } @inproceedings{levandowski2012platform, author = {Levandowski, Christoffer and Forslund, Anders and Söderberg, Rikard and Johannesson, Hans}, title = {Platform strategies from a PLM perspective - Theory and practice for the aerospace industry}, booktitle = {53rd AIAA ASME ASCE AHS ASC Structures Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference 2012}, year = {2012}, month = {12}, abstract = {The fierce competition of today pushes companies to be more effective in developing, producing and delivering their products. Reusing knowledge, often through adopting platform based development, is recognized as a necessity to be able to compete. This paper analyzes platform approaches from a Product Lifecycle Management perspective and how well they cover the aerospace industry’s needs. A literature study gathers several different platform strategies and maps them to what is needed to be able to cover the product from cradle to grave. As a first step towards bridge the gaps, a case study at an aerospace supplier is performed, resulting in a PLM architecture for developing, configuring and verifying a Turbine Rear Structure.}, doi = {10.2514/6.2012-1810}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {84881378441} } @inproceedings{strom2012transformation, author = {Ström, M. and Alemyr, M. and Bükk, S. and Gustafsson, G. and Johannesson, H.}, title = {Transformation to lean product development - Approaches at two automotive suppliers}, booktitle = {Proceedings of International Design Conference Design}, year = {2012}, month = {12}, volume = {DS 70}, pages = {113-122}, abstract = {The transformation to a lean product development system was studied at two automotive suppliers. The study covers the transformation approach, the problems along the way, some early results of the transformation and a comparison between the two firms in this respect. Both strive to change their operations to add more value in their delivery to the OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer). The results show that the transformations are experienced as positive in both firms. It is demonstrated that this success is due to methods and principles included in the lean product development framework.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/31978/transformation_to_lean_product_development_%E2%80%93_approaches_at_two_automotive_suppliers}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84879702957} } @phdthesis{bokinge2012evaluating, author = {Bokinge, Mattias}, title = {Evaluating PLM Implementations Using a Guidelines-based Approach}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) is an information technology-based concept bringing several benefits to product development organizations. However, it has been reported that PLM implementations in industry render unsatisfactory results. Hence, the overall aim of the work presented in this thesis is to develop new tools and methods that can lead to improved outcomes from future PLM implementations. In-depth understanding of the operational aspects of PLM implementations is needed in order to develop methods and tools that can support practitioners. However, most of the existing discussions of characteristics and challenges in PLM implementations are provided without thorough case studies of the implementations from which they are drawn. In particular, the role of requirements management in PLM implementation is argued to be in need of clarification. The problem is approached by presenting an in-depth case study of a recent PLM implementation, focusing on operational requirements management issues. In order to achieve improved outcomes from PLM implementations, being able to evaluate the outcomes is argued as being necessary. Furthermore, it is argued that it would be beneficial to be able to evaluate tentative PLM solutions during development and PLM implementations leading to the development and deployment of PLM solutions, rather than evaluating the effects resulting from having used a PLM solution. It is found that such methods and tools are currently lacking and need to be proposed, developed and evaluated. The problem is approached by utilizing published experiences, in terms of guidelines, from previous PLM implementations. A guideline can be defined as a directional recommendation for what to do (or what not to do) in a specific context. Available guidelines are first summarized in a tool, followed by a discussion of their relevance and application in relation to the in-depth case study. It is found that most of the guidelines, though highly relevant to the case, were not fully applied, and that a better application of more of the guidelines would lead to better outcomes. It is furthermore demonstrated that PLM implementation guidelines can be used to identify weak spots associated with conducted PLM implementations. A subset of the summarized guidelines (those regarding the PLM solution) is then utilized in a proposed method to identify risks associated with a PLM solution. As such, the methods and tool serve as discussion-facilitating support and direct focus on areas in need of improvement. Future work includes developing a guidelines structure and seeking to expand the guidelines set to cover more areas.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/164150}, type = {Licentiate thesis}, pubtype = {Licentiate thesis}, theme = {Knowledge management}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{elevandowski2012development, author = {E Levandowski, Christoffer}, title = {Towards Development Platforms - Models, Processes and IT-Tools for Platform-Based Development across the Lifecycle}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Product developing companies strive to provide their customers with high quality products, more quickly than their competitors, using as few resources as possible. One way of managing all three aspects at the same time is to reuse old, quality assured designs and knowledge in new products. A common way to do that is to create a platform with designs that are reusable in many different products. Traditionally, research on platforms has focused on finding ways to provide manufacturing with a low number of parts to be able to increase utilization of expensive production equipment. However, a designer needs more information than just the physical form of a design in order to reuse the design to cut development lead-time. The use of platforms based on core technologies and re-configurable systems as platform elements may on the other hand give the needed support. These types of platforms are here referred to as development platforms. This thesis elaborates on support for working with development platforms that are integrated across the lifecycle of a product. The studies in this thesis show that platform approaches in literature today do not cover the need to support holistic platform development across all stages of a lifecycle. As a solution, configurable system elements may be used as a bridge between abstract descriptions of platforms (e.g. technology platforms) and concrete descriptions (e.g. part-based and module-based platforms). Further, development platforms may be supported by a Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) architecture for engineering-to-order configuration, but it can also serve as a tool to learn about the knowledge gaps that need to be filled to get a product to meet requirements. However, there is a great risk in trying to support design reuse with IT-applications alone. In order to fully support platform-based development, an organization needs to consider business objectives, processes, information architecture and application architecture.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/164375}, type = {Licentiate thesis}, pubtype = {Licentiate thesis}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{tidstam2012developing, author = {Tidstam, Anna}, title = {Developing Vehicle Configuration Rules}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Vehicles are sold in many variants with different engine horsepower, wheel dimensions, type of headlights etc. Vehicle customers specify individual vehicles by the selection of such features during the so-called “sales configuration” process. Logic expressions called vehicle configuration rules are often utilized for automating the sales-to-delivery process. The development of vehicle configuration rules includes authoring and evaluation of the configuration rules. The goal is the make sure that the configuration rules specify so-called “valid” configurations. Valid in this context is a user-defined state based on perception of domain specialists, e.g. design engineers of brakes. The aim of this thesis is to develop methods for configuration rules development that efficiently ensure that configurations are buildable by making the configuration rules development process more time-efficient and less error-prone. The problem is that the industrial visualization tools for developing configuration rules, henceforth CR visualization tools, are argued to be difficult to use. Consequently, the users find it difficult to validate configuration rules. The problem is in this thesis approached from scratch by first suggesting a generalized information model for vehicle configuration rules. The information model was derived from industrial studies and literature reviews. Then, user studies at three vehicle manufacturing companies were conducted in order to formalize the authoring methods and for study existing CR visualization tools. Limitations of current CR visualization tools were identified, which were addressed in a new CR visualization tool. This new tool uses one single user interface, which eliminates the swapping between windows. Also, the alternative authoring methods and potentially missing items are visualized. Some activities when evaluating the configuration rules are thereby facilitated. The new CR visualization tool has been iteratively developed and evaluated through formative usability tests. The test results were positive in terms of real users correctly conducting test tasks, appreciating the new CR visualization method as well predicting a more time-efficient CR development process. The planned future work includes more usability tests to study if there are any unforeseen usability threats.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/154850}, isbn = {1652-9243-61}, type = {Licentiate thesis}, pubtype = {Licentiate thesis}, openaccess = {true} } @article{bokinge2012plm, author = {Bokinge, Mattias and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {PLM implementation guidelines - Relevance and application in practice: A discussion of findings from a retrospective case study}, journal = {International Journal of Product Lifecycle Management}, year = {2012}, month = {4}, volume = {6}, pages = {79-98}, abstract = {In this paper, a recently conducted product lifecycle management (PLM) implementation project is analysed. The aims are to investigate whether published product lifecycle management (PLM) implementation guidelines are relevant to and used in practice, and, if so, to assess how useful they are for guiding project execution. This paper presents an examination of how a real PLM implementation project was conducted, mapping out the rationale for different courses of action and the effects they had. This paper evaluates the degree of relevance and application of existing PLM implementation guidelines. It is found that while most of the guidelines were highly relevant to the project, they were not applied in full. Potential reasons for why the guidelines are not followed are discussed. It is suggested that projects review their plans with the guidelines in mind, evaluating their degree of relevance and including a plan for how to apply the guidelines.}, doi = {10.1504/ijplm.2012.046442}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Knowledge management}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {84859562766} } @article{bertoni2012rise, author = {Bertoni, Marco and Larsson, Andreas and Ericson, Åsa and Chirumalla, Koteshwar and Larsson, Tobias and Isaksson, Ola and Randall, Dave}, title = {The rise of social product development}, journal = {International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations}, year = {2012}, month = {1}, volume = {11}, pages = {188-207}, abstract = {The aim of the paper is to discuss the rising potential of social software to increase the knowledge management capabilities of virtual product development teams. It presents six fundamental transitions, elaborated from the empirical findings, which justify the rise of a more bottom-up, social creation and sharing of engineering knowledge in the virtual organisation. The study suggests that traditional engineering knowledge management approaches alone are not sufficient to support development activities in the virtual organisation, and that such teams display an increasing demand for social, comparatively lightweight and remixable platforms for bottom-up, social creation and sharing of knowledge.}, doi = {10.1504/ijnvo.2012.048346}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {84864696654} } @inproceedings{levandowski2012plm, author = {Levandowski, Christoffer and Bokinge, Mattias and Malmqvist, Johan and Johannesson, Hans}, title = {PLM as support for global design reuse - Long term benefits and immediate drawbacks}, booktitle = {IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology}, year = {2012}, month = {1}, volume = {388 AICT}, pages = {488-500}, abstract = {To stay competitive, a large company must make use of its size and gain economy of scale, one way being through reusing designed parts and technology knowledge globally throughout the organization. This paper describes a case study performed at a company that is implementing a new Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) system, globally across several different divisions, to be able to reuse design across the organization. The study shows that though global design reuse is the final goal, the way there is long. The true benefits are still in the future, but there are issues with the PLM solution on the designer level. To prevent such a situation in the future, the authors suggest that benefits shall be defined for all phases in the PLM implementation, not just as high business goals for the final stage. That way, you keep momentum in the change effort and keep all parties motivated.}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-35758-9_44}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Knowledge management}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {84872744664} } @inproceedings{ericson2012revisiting, author = {Ericson, Åsa and Larsson, Tobias C. and Isaksson, Ola and Larsson, Andreas}, title = {Revisiting the research field of product-service systems development}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference}, year = {2012}, month = {1}, volume = {3}, pages = {1043-1049}, abstract = {The research within the Product-Service Systems (PSS) field aims to support manufacturing industries’ ability to provide value in terms of a service offer to its customers, simultaneously taking a more holistic approach to eco-sustainability. The industrial idea of providing customer benefits in parallel with robust products is not new, yet equipping engineers to conduct innovation and applying a service perspective in the early design stages is noticed as fairly radical. The purpose in this paper is two-fold. First, to describe research efforts within the PSS field seen through our engineering design lenses, second, to explore and discuss plausible directions and by that identify “white spots” on the map, which may be seen as relevant directions for future research.}, doi = {10.1115/detc2012-70779}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {84884619750} } @inproceedings{tyapin2012jet, author = {Tyapin, Ilya and Sandberg, Marcus and Kokkolaras, Michael and Lundbladh, Anders and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Jet engine design optimization using a knowledge-based master model}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo}, year = {2012}, month = {1}, volume = {7}, pages = {41-47}, abstract = {This paper presents a preliminary design optimization study of a jet engine structure using a knowledge-based master modeling approach. The objective function is derived based on input-output relationships of a cost-performance model, where specific fuel consumption, pressure loss and direct cost are considered. The advantage of this problem formulation is that it entails a single composite objective function that takes into account mass, structural characteristics, dynamic response and translates them to a direct operational cost function to be minimized. A fan-blade-off scenario is considered as the loading case in this paper. The loss of one fan blade during nominal operation causes a rotor imbalance and structural deformation.}, doi = {10.1115/gt2012-69309}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Design automation}, scopusid = {84881136775} } @inproceedings{chirumalla2012capturing, author = {Chirumalla, Koteshwar and Johansson, Christian and Bertoni, Marco and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Capturing and sharing lessons learned across boundaries: A video-based approach}, booktitle = {Ecis 2012 Proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Information Systems}, year = {2012}, month = {1}, abstract = {Red Monascus pigments (MPs) are a large group of polyketides from the fungus Monascus which have been widely used as food colorants. In this study, a variety of red MPs congeners were prepared to explore promising water-soluble candidates for application in liquid food formulations. The results showed that by combining the two-stage, low-pH fermentation strategy with a downstream purification step of fractional crystallization, precursors of red MPs, namely monascorubrin and rubropunctatin, were obtained with a purity of 91.9\%. Then, via the azaphilic addition reaction, 18 types of red MPs congeners carrying different amino acid moieties (MPs-aa) were semi-synthesized. Compared to rubropunctamine and monascorubramine, the water solubility, pH and thermal stability of MPs-aa were improved greatly. MPs-His, MPs-Phe, MPs-Tyr and MPs-Trp were identified to be the most resistant to pasteurization. These findings provide water-soluble red MPs candidates with high thermal stability and an attractive approach for their large scale production.}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Knowledge management}, scopusid = {84905728055} } @inproceedings{raudberget2012implementing, author = {Raudberget, Dag and Edholm, Peter and Andersson, Magnus}, title = {Implementing the principles of set-based concurrent engineering in configurable component platforms}, booktitle = {Norddesign 2012 Proceedings of the 9th Norddesign Conference}, year = {2012}, month = {1}, abstract = {This paper describes a new design approach that implements the three principles of Set-based Concurrent Engineering by using the concept of Configurable Component modelling. Several case studies has proven the efficiency of Configurable Component modelling as well as the Set-based philosophy, and by combining these two research areas, a computer based modelling of Configurable Component objects is used to support the Set-based philosophy. The approach is demonstrated by a case study that indicates a promising future of combining Set-based Concurrent Engineering with Configurable Component modelling for re-design problems.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/38580/implementing_the_principles_of_set-based_concurrent_engineering_in_configurable_product_platforms}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {85097915518} } @inproceedings{stig2011means, author = {Stig, Daniel Corin and Bergsjö, Dag}, title = {Means for internal knowledge reuse in pre-development-the technology platform approach}, booktitle = {Iced 11 18th International Conference on Engineering Design Impacting Society Through Engineering Design}, year = {2011}, month = {12}, volume = {6}, pages = {249-261}, abstract = {Effective knowledge sharing within the R\&D department is important to build and benefit from a company's portfolio of technologies. This paper presents challenges with accessing and sharing knowledge during pre-development, and elaborates on the potential of using a wiki and checklists as supporting tools. A wiki demonstrator for collecting knowledge about technologies was developed and received very positive response from the interviewees at a case company. The study was conducted as part of a research project about how a technology platform framework can increase the leverage of technology development efforts through increased reuse and strategic investments. The framework is intended to be used as a basis for technology development and when designing and configuring new products. New challenges arise for technology platforms compared to traditional product platforms as they support reuse on a higher abstraction level.}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {84858802313} } @inproceedings{catic2011lean, author = {Ćatić, Amer and Vielhaber, Michael}, title = {Lean product development: Hype or sustainable new paradigm?}, booktitle = {Iced 11 18th International Conference on Engineering Design Impacting Society Through Engineering Design}, year = {2011}, month = {12}, volume = {1}, pages = {157-168}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {84858812111} } @inproceedings{sandberg2011knowledge, author = {Sandberg, Marcus and Tyapin, Ilya and Kokkolaras, Michael and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {A knowledge-based master modeling approach to system analysis and design}, booktitle = {Iced 11 18th International Conference on Engineering Design Impacting Society Through Engineering Design}, year = {2011}, month = {12}, volume = {4}, pages = {347-356}, abstract = {The jet engine industry relies on product models for early design predictions of attributes such as structural behavior, mass and cost. When the required analysis models are not linked to the governing product model, effective coordination of design changes is a challenge, making design space exploration time-consuming. Master modeling (MM) approaches can help alleviate such analysis overhead; the MM concept has its origins in the computer-aided design (CAD) community, and mandates that manual changes in one model automatically propagate to assembly, computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) and computer-aided engineering (CAE) models within the CAD platform. Knowledge-based master models can also be used to communicate changes in the product definition to models that are external to the CAD platform. This paper presents details of the knowledge-based master modeling approach as applied to mechanical jet engine analysis and design, where different fidelity models and analysis tools are supported in the early design stages.}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Knowledge management}, scopusid = {84858801854} } @inproceedings{stig2011assessment, author = {Stig, Daniel Corin and Högman, Ulf and Bergsjö, Dag}, title = {Assessment of readiness for internal technology transfer-a case study}, booktitle = {21st Annual International Symposium of the International Council on Systems Engineering Incose 2011}, year = {2011}, month = {12}, volume = {1}, pages = {893-907}, abstract = {Premature introduction of new technologies in product development is likely to lead to both budget and schedule overruns. The assessment of when a technology is ready to be transferred from technology development to product development and production is critical for striking the right balance of short time‐to‐market and low risk. Previous research on internal technology transfer has mainly focused on the development of methods and tools for assessing technology readiness for major development programs in governmental agencies, revealing few cases of such implementations in technology driven industrial companies. This paper aims to provide description of experiences from using such tools at a case company and prescription on how to manage the identified challenges. The study is based on 22 semi‐structured interviews, primarily with personnel from the technology and product development departments. The results indicate that the readiness assessments suggested in literature can support decisions also in industrial companies. However, adapting the tools to the internal differences between technologies is important for minimizing administrative workload and ensuring implementation readiness as opposed to just technology readiness. The strategy for their adaptation could benefit from more research on the practices of companies dealing with internal technology transfer and from the development of a framework for how to adapt the assessment process to different contexts.}, doi = {10.1002/j.2334-5837.2011.tb01249.x}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84879290062} } @inproceedings{levandowski2011plm, author = {Levandowski, Christoffer and Edholm, Peter and Ekstedt, Fredrik and Carlson, Johan and So¨derberg, Rikard and Johannesson, Hans}, title = {PLM architecture for optimization of geometrical interfaces in a product platform}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference}, year = {2011}, month = {12}, volume = {2}, pages = {1237-1244}, abstract = {Product platforms can be used as an enabler for offering a wide variety of products to the market, while keeping the development cost down. Reusing knowledge in new designs is a key concept of product platforms, whether it is about reusing entire parts, or reusing ideas and concepts. The Configurable Component (CC) concept is one way of describing a product platform, and is based on autonomous subsystems that are not fixed, but have a bandwidth within which they can vary. These systems are configured to fit the set of requirements resulting in product variants. Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) as a complementing business strategy deals with integrating processes, information, systems and people across the product lifecycle to support the development of complex products. This paper describes a case study where the CC concept is successfully implemented in a PLM environment to allow configuration of the systems in relation to each other. The focal point of this paper is configuration of the geometrical interfaces between sub systems. A car door from a Swedish car manufacturer, known for the tight fit in assembly, is used as an example. In this case, there are two requirements on the assembly. First, the assembly cannot be far from nominal, thus requiring robust interfaces between the ingoing parts. Second, the window must be mountable. The result is a PLM architecture with a Product Data Management (PDM) system, a Computer Aided Design (CAD) tool, two Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) tools and a configurator, all integrated.}, doi = {10.1115/detc2011-47801}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Design automation}, scopusid = {84863590956} } @inproceedings{michaelis2011platform, author = {Michaelis, Marcel T. and Johannesson, Hans}, title = {Platform approaches in manufacturing - Considering integration with product platforms}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference}, year = {2011}, month = {12}, volume = {9}, pages = {1115-1124}, abstract = {Given the latest progress in research and technology, achieving the seamless co-development of products and manufacturing systems seems rather undemanding. While a straightforward solution to this challenge is not in fact in sight, numerous ideas exist and are being pursued, both in industry and academia. One of these is to base the development of products and manufacturing systems on strategically specified and pre-defined platforms that limit the solution space in a well-defined manner while allocating desired flexibility. This paper identifies different paradigms for the joint development of products and manufacturing systems. Specifically, it looks at a platform concept originating from manufacturing rather than product design. A real-life industrial example of a robotized manufacturing station from the automotive industry illustrates a transition towards the closer integration of design and manufacturing. In this example, the existing dedicated welding station is contrasted with a modular, configurable station that can accommodate new products and different manufacturing technologies. Differences in flexibility and complexity between these two manufacturing stations are brought to light by modeling the rationale of their designs. From this process, conclusions are drawn regarding the different conditions for co-development with the two manufacturing stations. The modular concept imposes new restrictions. However, with its high degree of configurability, it can be a standard solution for the robotized manufacture of body-in-white sub-assemblies.}, doi = {10.1115/detc2011-48275}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {84863568989} } @inproceedings{gedell2011integrated, author = {Gedell, Stellan and Claesson, Anders and Johannesson, Hans}, title = {Integrated product and production model-issues on completeness, consistency and compatibility}, booktitle = {Iced 11 18th International Conference on Engineering Design Impacting Society Through Engineering Design}, year = {2011}, month = {12}, volume = {4}, pages = {55-66}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/30532/integrated_product_production_model_%E2%80%93_issues_on_completeness_consistency_and_compatibility}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84858807082} } @inproceedings{hogman2011technology, author = {Högman, Ulf and Johannesson, Hans}, title = {Technology development practices in industry}, booktitle = {Iced 11 18th International Conference on Engineering Design Impacting Society Through Engineering Design}, year = {2011}, month = {12}, volume = {3}, pages = {62-73}, abstract = {This article concerns technology development practices in industry. Its primary foci are on describing the technology development process, its management through normative models, and how technology is integrated and exploited through different platform approaches. The aim of the study has been to explore the external validity of previously acquired empirical results that have been obtained through a series of studies at Volvo AB, and in particular in the company context of Volvo Aero Corporation. In order to meet our aim, we have chosen a multiple case study approach, involving four different companies. Results obtained in the different cases have been compared, and reflections have been made relative to what has been reported from earlier studies at Volvo Aero Corporation (VAC), and thereby indirectly to what can be found in literature.What we can conclude is that most of the results previously obtained in VAC have also been found in the four companies included in this study. Apart from providing this answer to our research question, this article contributes empirical results from five different contextual settings concerning some aspects of technology development.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/30495/technology_development_practices_in_industry}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84858839819} } @inproceedings{politze2011integrated, author = {Politze, D. P. and Bathelt, J. P. and Wegener, K. and Bergsjö, D. H.}, title = {Integrated modeling of functions and requirements in product design and factory planning}, booktitle = {Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering}, year = {2011}, month = {9}, volume = {103 LNEE}, pages = {217-229}, abstract = {A mature management of requirements is seen as a crucial activity within the development of high quality mechatronic products (Heumesser and Houdek 2003; Houdek 2003). Market demands and customer needs have to be captured (Akao 1992). In addition, the company strategy should be considered while designing new products. Moreover, further stakeholders are providing additional constraints, such as legal aspects and production limitations. A holistic approach is desired covering the requirements from every stakeholder spanning from high level strategic goals to low level elementary product functions.}, doi = {10.1007/978-1-4614-0373-9_17}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, scopusid = {80052376123} } @article{bratt2011assessment, author = {Bratt, Cecilia and Hallstedt, Sophie and Robèrt, K.-H. and Broman, Göran and Oldmark, Jonas}, title = {Assessment of eco-labelling criteria development from a strategic sustainability perspective}, journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production}, year = {2011}, month = {9}, volume = {19}, pages = {1631-1638}, abstract = {To turn current patterns of consumption and production in a sustainable direction, solid and understandable market information on the socio-ecological performance of products is needed. Eco-labelling programmes have an important role in this communication. The aim of this study is to investigate what gaps there may be in the current criteria development processes in relation to a strategic sustainability perspective and develop recommendations on how such presumptive gaps could be bridged. First a previously published generic framework for strategic sustainable development is described and applied for the assessment of two eco-labelling programmes. Data for the assessment is collected from literature and in semi-structured interviews and discussions with eco-labelling experts. The assessment revealed that the programmes lack both an operational definition of sustainability, and a statement of objectives to direct and drive the criteria development processes. Consequently they also lack guidelines for how product category criteria might gradually develop in any direction. The selected criteria mainly reflect the current reality based on a selection of negative impacts in ecosystems, but how this selection, or prioritization, is made is not clearly presented. Finally, there are no guidelines to ensure that the criteria developers represent a broad enough competence to embrace all essential sustainability aspects. In conclusion the results point at deficiencies in theory, process and practice of eco-labelling, which hampers cohesiveness, transparency and comprehension. And it hampers predictability, as producers get no support in foreseeing how coming revisions of criteria will develop. This represents a lost opportunity for strategic sustainable development. It is suggested that these problems could be avoided by informing the criteria development process by a framework for strategic sustainable development, based on backcasting from basic sustainability principles.}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.05.012}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {79960023059} } @article{rexfelt2011proposal, author = {Rexfelt, Oskar and Almefelt, Lars and Zackrisson, Daniel and Hallman, Teres and Malmqvist, Johan and Karlsson, MariAnne}, title = {A proposal for a structured approach for cross-company teamwork: A case study of involving the customer in service innovation}, journal = {Research in Engineering Design}, year = {2011}, month = {7}, volume = {22}, pages = {153-171}, abstract = {This paper outlines the results of a project aiming to develop and apply methods for service co-creation with customers, focusing on the early phases of service development. The project is collaboration between a manufacturing firm in the automotive industry, one of their B2Bcustomers (a transportation firm), as well as a university, all in Sweden. The research team selected and developed methods and work practices for problem analysis, idea generation, development and evaluation of services. Thus doing, methodological influence was taken from the area of engineering design. The proposed approaches were applied in a service development experiment mainly based on workshops. The experiment was followed up by an analysis of the resulting output, an interview series, and an evaluation by peers in focus groups. The goal of this article is to answer the following research questions: (1) What is the industrial applicability of co-creating services using a structured approach, e.g. what are the benefits and challenges? (2) What do the different actors contribute with using this approach, and what possible factors influence the nature and quality of the actors' contributions? (3) Based on the answers to the questions above, what aspects should be considered to support situated planning and execution of future service co-creation projects? A central conclusion is that a structured approach is industrially applicable, but it is also evident that there is no completely universal recipe for service innovation. Addressing these insights, the paper also contributes with guidelines to support the situation-adapted set-up of future service co-creation projects.}, doi = {10.1007/s00163-011-0104-y}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {80054950173} } @phdthesis{catic2011knowledge, author = {Catic, Amer}, title = {Knowledge-based Engineering in Product Development Processes - Process, IT and Knowledge Management perspectives}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Product development as a field of practice and research has significantly changed due to the general trends of globalization changing the enterprise landscapes in which products are realized. The access to partners and suppliers with high technological specialization has also led to an increased specialization of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). Furthermore, the products are becoming increasingly complex with a high functional and technological content and many variants. Combined with shorter lifecycles which require reuse of technologies and solutions, this has resulted in an overall increased knowledge intensity which necessitates a more explicit approach towards knowledge and knowledge management in product development. In parallel, methods and IT tools for managing knowledge have been developed and are more accessible and usable today. One such approach is knowledge-based engineering (KBE), a term that was coined in the mid-1980s as a label for applications which automate the design of rule-driven geometries. In this thesis the term KBE embraces the capture and application of engineering knowledge to automate engineering tasks, regardless of domain of application, and the thesis aims at contributing to a wider utilization of KBE in product development (PD). The thesis focuses on two perspectives of KBE; as a process improvement IT method and as a knowledge management (KM) method. In the first perspective, the lack of explicit regard for the constraints of the product lifecycle management (PLM) architecture, which governs the interaction of processes and IT in PD, has been identified to negatively affect the utilization of KBE in PD processes. In the second perspective, KM theories and models can complement existing methods for identifying potential for KBE applications. Regarding the first perspective, it is concluded that explicit regard for the PLM architecture decreases the need to develop and maintain software code related to hard coded redundant data and functions in the KBE application. The concept of service oriented architecture (SOA) has been found to enable an the explicit regard for the PLM architecture.. Regarding the second perspective, it is concluded that potential for KBE applications is indicated by: 1.) application of certain types of knowledge in PD processes 2.) high maturity and formalization of the applied knowledge 3.) a codification strategy for KM and 4.) an agreement and transparency regarding how the knowledge is applied, captured and transferred. It is also concluded that the formulation of explicit KM strategies in PD should be guided by knowledge application and its relation to strategic objectives focusing on types of knowledge, their role in the PD process and the methods and tools for their application. These, in turn, affect the methods and tools deployed for knowledge capture in order for it to integrate with the processes of knowledge origin. Finally, roles and processes for knowledge transfer have to be transparent to assure the motivation of individuals to engage in the KM strategy.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/145858}, isbn = {978-91-7385-575-4}, type = {Doctoral thesis}, pubtype = {Doctoral thesis}, theme = {Design automation}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{gedell2011efficient, author = {Gedell, Stellan}, title = {Efficient Means for Platform-Based Development – Emphasizing Integrated, Information-Rich System Models}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Competition in the automotive industry is fierce, which in recent years has been demonstrated by some of the companies’ struggle to survive. A significant challenge is posed by the market’s ever-increasing expectations of new and impressive products, while maintaining profitability. Mass customization, with its high volumes and economy of scale, has been an approach to combine customers’ wishes for novel individualized products and low production prices. A key feature is to reuse design solutions across products, and basing the design on so-called platforms is one way to achieve this. But reuse is not limited to the design. Resources within, for example, production, service, and marketing are to be reused when applicable. This creates a need for information exchange that, especially when parts are subject to frequent changes, cannot be based only on personal meetings. Product descriptions support co-development, when they contain the information needed by the stakeholders. Some of the expectations on the product description are that it will support all lifecycles, be understandable, and reflect the dependences between the co-developing systems. The configurable component framework is intended to support concurrent designing of complex and variant-rich systems in all lifecycle phases. The research results presented in this thesis contribute to the enhancement of the framework in the following areas: - They improve the developers’ ability to create design variants. The part-based description is supplemented with a more abstract description. One of the framework’s key features is to represent multiple variants by one configurable model. The mechanisms that enable this are presented here. - Reuse can be facilitated in various ways by knowledge-rich design descriptions when information is explicitly given showing why the design is made as it is. With the introduced design rationale, implemented using a function-means model that describes the reasoning behind the design and which considerations resulted in the design, it is more likely that the design can be used and reused as intended. - Before a new product can reach the market, its design and the production facility used to materialize it have to be completed. As these design objects depend heavily on each other, both design tasks gain from information exchange between them. To support this, an integral model for the co-development of products and production systems is presented. - The inability of today’s product description systems to produce a complete list of parts, required to manufacture a specific product variant, reveals the need to discuss models’ completeness, consistency, and compatibility. Results are presented that extend the product description with expectations on the design, performance models, and ways to evaluate expectation against predicted behavior, beside the original design solutions. Together, these contributions improve the configurable component framework’s ability to support a holistic product development.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/148586}, isbn = {978-91-7385-609-6}, type = {Doctoral thesis}, pubtype = {Doctoral thesis}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{kero2011managing, author = {Kero, Timo}, title = {Managing Effects of Manufacturing Variation in Dental Medical Device Treatments - Increasing Geometrical Robustness}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Today, there are many solutions for dental rehabilitation. A damaged tooth can be replaced with a dental crown, and a toothless patient can be rehabilitated with implants and a corresponding bridge set-up. Traditionally, a dental crown is manufactured by veneering porcelain to a metal surface that is obtained through the use of casting principles. Further, implant rehabilitations are carried out based on x- ray pictures and free hand drilling into the jaw bone before implant insertion. However, crown and implant rehabilitations can be provided at a much higher degree of industrialization by means of mass customization. The most common dental rehabilitations are crown restorations for single teeth, while full arch implant rehabilitations are the most comprehensive treatments. It is also these treatment methods that have been used as the bases for the conducted research presented in this thesis. Within mechanical engineering, tolerance analysis and robust design for mass production have been studied closely and developed for decades now. Tolerance analysis studies accumulated variation in mechanical part assemblies, and robust design methods are used to secure the functionality of the product. Therefore, it is of scientific, as well as industrial, challenge to seek answers to how knowledge and methods for tolerance analysis and robust design can be applied for mass customization, especially for dental rehabilitations. The objective of this research is to gain knowledge about, and improve, the product realization processes for dental medical device manufacturing, in order to reduce the influence of geometrical variation in the final treatment. For drill- and implant guided surgery, the focus was initially set on introducing variation simulation principles to the area of dentistry. A methodological approach to finding the greatest contributor and the most sensitive phase to geometrical variation was presented. The simulation method introduced in the first study was also verified compared to actual surgeries conducted on human cadavers. For the crown rehabilitation, a method to increase the geometrical quality was suggested by changing the design, the method is also under industrial implementation process. A method for quantifying the successfulness of a probe scanning was presented. Knowledge of which parameters influence the final variation for the treatment method and an understanding of how parameters can be modeled to increase the robustness for the design has been gained. Finally, a geometry assurance method suitable for medical treatments using mass customized products was suggested. Ultimately, two international patents were also published based on the research.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/139709}, isbn = {978-91-7385-526-6}, type = {Doctoral thesis}, pubtype = {Doctoral thesis}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{hogman2011processes, author = {Högman, Ulf}, title = {Processes and Platforms Aligned with Technology Development - The Perspective of a Supplier in the Aerospace Industry}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Technology development often has an unclear goal of building knowledge or demonstrating feasibility, is characterized by a high degree of initial uncertainty, and is in need of extensive experimentation. The purpose of this research has been to build knowledge concerning means which support companies in the pursuit of innovation and technology development. Two different approaches to managing the inherent uncertainty in technology development have been explored: applying a platform formulation and applying a normative stage-gate model for managing the development process. A qualitative research approach has been used. The research has been conducted in eight different studies involving six different companies in total, but where most of the research has been conducted at Volvo Aero Corporation, a Swedish aero engine company. Given the context of the case companies, the following main conclusions have been drawn: - A platform formulation including product, process, and technology platforms has been proposed that appears both feasible and useful based on the empirical evidence. - Normative process models based on the stage-gate model can benefit technology development, given that they are adapted to the explorative nature of such uncertain development and used with a higher degree of flexibility. Strategies to achieve flexibility that have been found include, for example, soft gates, loop-backs, stopping projects and redefining the focus, using the model recursively, and defining technology development as a relay race of different projects where each individual project follows a stage-gate process. The possibility to generalize regarding these conclusions is limited, given that most of the research has been conducted in one company. However, external validity is strengthened by similar results found in literature and through comparison between the different companies included in this research. Finally, the transferability of the results is supported by a thorough description of the studied company and its industrial context.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/140463}, isbn = {978-91-7385-542-6}, type = {Doctoral thesis}, pubtype = {Doctoral thesis}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{michaelis2011co, author = {Michaelis, Marcel}, title = {Co-Development of Products and Manufacturing Systems - Applying a Configurable Platform Approach}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Product first, manufacturing system second. While manufacturing companies in fact make their profits by selling products, the successful development and proper functioning of both the product and the manufacturing system needs to be ensured. This consideration poses a challenge that must be met in a joint effort because the product and the manufacturing system are two technical systems that mutually affect each other. They do so not only inside the factory building, but also at the drawing board, before their final design is determined. With an emphasis on the mutual effect between the manufacturing system and the product, this thesis addresses the co-development of the two technical systems. It follows the idea of conducting development based on a strategy for managing change and variation, called platform. Rather than just regarding the reuse of physical parts, the thesis promotes a platform approach that involves the definition of abstract resources, such as systems, interfaces, and functions. This approach allows for the description of products and manufacturing systems in a way that includes information about how they may change to produce variety in a process called configuration. This thesis explores how configurable platforms can be devised for products, manufacturing systems, or both. It provides answers to how technical systems should be described in the presence of such platforms. Moreover, this work considers the implications for co-development. One of the conclusions of this thesis is that the available methods for describing the platforms of the two technical systems should be expanded further with respect to the processes performed by both of them.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/140953}, type = {Licentiate thesis}, pubtype = {Licentiate thesis}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true} } @article{gedell2011integrateda, author = {Gedell, Stellan and Michaelis, Marcel T. and Johannesson, Hans}, title = {Integrated model for co-development of products and production systems - A systems theory approach}, journal = {Concurrent Engineering Research and Applications}, year = {2011}, month = {6}, volume = {19}, pages = {139-156}, abstract = {The seamless co-development of products and production systems is still an unresolved challenge. Undoubtedly, progress has been made through the proposal and application of new methodologies in the collective of concurrent engineering. Still, there is a gap between modeling approaches in product development and in production system design. This gap is an obstacle, especially if many interdependencies exist among the constituents of products and production systems. This article aims at closing this gap by modeling these constituents in an integrated model. This model represents the product and the production plant as co-equal systems with subsystems, interactions, and behavior. It allows modeling every subsystem in all its lifecycle phases together with the rationale behind its design. A class model is refined for purpose of laying a structured basis for modeling that can be implemented in computer-based support. A real-life example from the automotive industry illustrates the application of an integrated model and highlights its benefits for co-development.}, doi = {10.1177/1063293x11406751}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {79959556538} } @inproceedings{bertoni2011assessing, author = {Bertoni, Alessandro and Isaksson, Ola and Bertoni, Marco and Larsson, Tobias}, title = {Assessing the value of sub-system technologies including life cycle alternatives}, booktitle = {Glocalized Solutions for Sustainability in Manufacturing Proceedings of the 18th CIRP International Conference on Life Cycle Engineering}, year = {2011}, month = {1}, pages = {669-674}, abstract = {Emerging from an industrial case study in the aerospace industry, the paper proposes an approach to evaluate subsystem technology concepts from a life cycle perspective. The approach is composed by 5 main phases that aims to drive product designers towards more value-oriented design decisions. It is shown how different life cycle alternatives, such as the selling of a Product-Service-System instead of a traditional product, deeply impact the value of design alternatives. The described approach has been developed in collaboration with industrial partners and represents a potential instrument to enhance value-driven product design.}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-19692-8_116}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {80052121101} } @inproceedings{larsson2010engineering, author = {Larsson, Andreas and Ericson, Åsa and Larsson, Tobias and Isaksson, Ola and Bertoni, Marco}, title = {Engineering 2.0: Exploring lightweight technologies for the virtual enterprise}, booktitle = {From CSCW to Web 2 0 European Developments in Collaborative Design Selected Papers from Coop 2008}, year = {2010}, month = {12}, pages = {173-191}, doi = {10.1007/978-1-84882-965-7_9}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {80052393038} } @inproceedings{tidstam2010information, author = {Tidstam, Anna and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Information modelling for automotive configuration}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Norddesign 2010 the 8th International Norddesign Conference}, year = {2010}, month = {12}, pages = {275-288}, abstract = {The topic of the paper is information models that are the basis for product configuration in the automotive industry. The subject is examined from both a theoretical and a practical perspective. In an empirical study, the product configuration information model of an automotive firm is mapped out and issues perceived as challenging by the firm identified. A comparison of the theoretical configuration models and practical models is presented. We identify areas in which the theoretical models offer more expressiveness that the automotive firm currently utilizes. However, we also observe that many of the firm’s issues with configuration have much do with the product’s design, and processes and methods for working with the information model, not just its information structure.}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84859887441} } @inproceedings{catic2010requirements, author = {Ćatić, A. and Malmqvist, J.}, title = {Requirements management when introducing new mechatronic sub-systems - Managing the knowledge gaps}, booktitle = {11th International Design Conference Design 2010}, year = {2010}, month = {12}, pages = {661-672}, abstract = {This paper describes an empirical study of a driveline development project, featuring a new mechatronic sub-system, aiming to investigate the effect of knowledge gaps regarding the new sub-system on the development process. Findings indicate that knowledge gaps regarding interfaces and suppliers of the new sub-system and a lack of appropriate processes, methods and IT-tools have negatively affected requirements management. A set of recommendations on likely knowledge gaps when introducing new mechatronic sub-systems and how to bridge them prior to development project initiation are presented.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/29411/requirements_management_when_introducing_new_mechatronic_sub-systems_-_managing_the_knowledge_gaps}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, scopusid = {84861510554} } @inproceedings{catic2010implementing, author = {Ćatić, Amer and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Implementing a wiki to capture and share engineering knowledge}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Norddesign 2010 the 8th International Norddesign Conference}, year = {2010}, month = {12}, pages = {171-184}, abstract = {This paper describes the implementation of a wiki system based on the wiki engine MediaWiki for the purpose of engineering knowledge capture and sharing in an internal R\&D unit that is part of a global group of companies in the commercial vehicle industry. Three different knowledge processes are studied; 1. Knowledge creation that is based on a socialization process that mainly creates tacit knowledge distributed across individuals; 2. Knowledge transfer that is based on reuse of tacit knowledge by physical transferral of knowledge holders; and 3. Knowledge application which entails a core team of individuals applying their collective knowledge base to solve a given problem. It is found that a wiki system’s features of collaborative and web based input make it possible to support all three of the processes by making the tacit knowledge base explicit. It is concluded however that the implementation of a wiki also needs: 1. A structure that reflects the business processes in the unit; 2. A clear definition of knowledge as a deliverable in the processes; 3. A model for how the time spent on contributing to the wiki is financed; and 4. A strategy for tackling corporate IT governance policies’ inability to manage interactive Web 2.0 technologies.}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Knowledge management}, scopusid = {84859913810} } @inproceedings{almefelt2010merging, author = {Almefelt, Lars and Michaelis, Marcel}, title = {Merging an upmarket car manufacturer into a global player: Effects on product properties and brand identity}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Norddesign 2010 the 8th International Norddesign Conference}, year = {2010}, month = {12}, pages = {117-128}, abstract = {While striving for profitable business, automotive companies adopt product platform strategies. Thus, many different car models are based on common technology, components and even architecture. As a result, benefits of scale are attained in several ways, but intrinsically, such strategies are prone to result in products that customers perceive as similar. In this paper, the issue of platform commonality versus model distinctiveness is explored by following up two cross-brand platform cases within one automotive group. Specifically, the aim is to investigate how an upmarket brand is influenced by a cross-brand collaboration following a merger into a global player. Findings were brought to light adopting a qualitative systems approach, including the use of in-depth interviews, internal and external written sources, and the physical product. A central recommendation that precipitates from the study is to consider a platform strategy that supports the use of common solutions across models of distinct brands, however, without imposing the use of a specific architecture.}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84859909694} } @inproceedings{bergsjo2010supporting, author = {Bergsjö, D. and Almefelt, L. and Malmqvist, J.}, title = {Supporting requirements management in embedded systems development in a lean-influenced organization}, booktitle = {11th International Design Conference Design 2010}, year = {2010}, month = {12}, pages = {1025-1034}, abstract = {Mechatronic products such as modern cars are rapidly moving into having more functions realized by electronics and software. There are unique problems with embedded systems development (mechatronic design) and the ability of IT tools and systems to support the specific needs (Bergsjö, Vielhaber et al. 2007). The increased amount of information available, and the need to manage this}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/29448/supporting_requriements_management_in_embedded_systems_development_in_a_lean-influenced_organization}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, scopusid = {84861522765} } @inproceedings{vielhaber2010mechatronic, author = {Vielhaber, M. and Bergsjö, D. and Ćatić, A.}, title = {Mechatronic systems engineering - Theory and automotive practice}, booktitle = {11th International Design Conference Design 2010}, year = {2010}, month = {12}, pages = {975-984}, abstract = {Recent research investigating embedded stem priming effects with the masked priming paradigm and pseudoword primes (e.g., quickify-quick) has shown that priming effects can be obtained even when the embedded target word is followed by a non-morphological ending (e.g., quickald-quick). Here we examine the specific nature of such priming effects by testing whether they are modulated by morphological family size. We reasoned that if the effects are driven by pre-lexical orthographic processing then they should not be influenced by the family size of the embedded target word. On the contrary, we found that embedded words having several morphologically related family members (e.g., serpentoche-SERPENT [English: snakerel-SNAKE]-serpents, serpentin, serpentine, serpenter, serpentant) generated greater priming than embedded words having only the plural form in the morphological family (e.g., dauphingri-DAUPHIN [English: dolphinald-DOLPHIN]). We therefore conclude that embedded stem priming is at least partly driven by processing at the level of lexical and morpho-semantic representations. (PsycINFO Database Record}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/29443/mechatronic_systems_engineering_-_theory_and_automotive_practice}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, scopusid = {84861482077} } @inproceedings{wahl2010managing, author = {Wahl, Andreas and Johannesson, Hans}, title = {Managing design change in configurable component based product platforms}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Norddesign 2010 the 8th International Norddesign Conference}, year = {2010}, month = {12}, pages = {413-423}, abstract = {Many companies use product platforms to achieve economy of scale benefits while they simultaneously offer customized product variants. The strategy to realise this is often to share ready designed parts and sub-systems with fixed interfaces between product variants. This strategy provides flexibility, but it is limited by the bandwidth defined by the fixed parts and sub-systems comprised in the platform. To fulfil new demands on increased variability, redefinition of the platform and/or addition of new platform elements are required. To address this issue Claesson [1] has presented a new way of describing platforms which are built of generic, autonomous and configurable sub-systems called configurable components, CCs. Such systems carry knowledge not only about the finally used part instances, but also about how and why an instance came into being. This makes the product knowledge carried by a CC possible to be reused to configure platform-based variants as well as to develop future designs. Until now the work done on the CC concept has focused on the internal building blocks, i.e. what it needs to consist of in order to work as intended. In short, the focus so far has been on how the product platform can be represented, not the process and methods to create it. This paper addresses this latter issue. An “engineer-to-order” scenario is considered and the design process as well as supporting design methods are emphasised. The results show that well-known concept design methods such as the concept combination table (the morphological matrix) and evaluation matrices can be adopted for redesign of configurable platform system elements representing a whole system family.}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {84859915596} } @inproceedings{hogman2010technology, author = {Högman, U. and Johannesson, H.}, title = {Technology development and normative process models}, booktitle = {11th International Design Conference Design 2010}, year = {2010}, month = {12}, pages = {265-274}, abstract = {The aim of this article is to contribute experience gained from developing, implementing and using a normative model for technology development based on the stage-gate model. A modified stage-gate model is proposed where the iterative and explorative nature of uncertain technology development is considered. An empirical contribution is made regarding the dialogue that took place in the study company in question when trying to balance the management need for rationality, structure and control vs. the need of the developers for exploration and experimentation.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/29372/technology_development_and_normative_process_models}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84861495289} } @inproceedings{wahl2010supply, author = {Wahl, A. and Gedell, S. and Johannesson, H.}, title = {Supply-chain product development collaboration using configurable product platform models}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference}, year = {2010}, month = {12}, volume = {3}, pages = {423-433}, abstract = {Collaborative product platform development in the supply chain faces problems not only with inefficient knowledge management and information exchange between collaborating partners, but also with configuration and carryover strategies — both of which result in large amounts of system variants to maintain, and restrained reuse. To address these problems, this article proposes a new, more system-oriented and abstract, knowledge-based approach to define and describe configurable product platforms. A new platform model concept with a new modeling procedure, consisting of linked, fully configurable generic and autonomous sub-systems, has been devised. The model has been implemented as a separate platform configuration (PFC) system within an envisioned product lifecycle management (PLM) system architecture. The PFC system is the common base for system configuration as well as for information and knowledge exchange between collaborating partners. The proposed platform model and collaborative modeling procedure have been partly verified and validated, in cooperation with the industrial partners participating in a joint research project.}, doi = {10.1115/detc2010-28014}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {80055003735} } @inproceedings{hogman2010requirements, author = {Högman, Ulf and Bengtsson, Daniel and Stetz, Stefan and Trygg, Lars and Johannesson, Hans}, title = {Requirements on new technology and the technology implementation process}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Norddesign 2010 the 8th International Norddesign Conference}, year = {2010}, month = {12}, pages = {289-300}, abstract = {In literature, many authors have pointed to the importance of technology and technology development for company competitiveness. In this study we aim to study the technology in more detail and attempt to develop an understanding on the requirements and needs on “technology” from the perspective of product development. The research question which we aim to answer in this study is:“What are the requirements on maturity of technology when this technology is about to enter into the product development process?“A qualitative research strategy, based on three study cases involving 17 interviewees, has been chosen. All three cases come from one single company, Volvo Aero Corporation (VAC) in Sweden, in the context of the aero engine industry. The study contributes with a broad mapping of requirements and how they relate to different categories of technologies, showing big differences both regarding content and timing. It is concluded that attention should be payed both to how the organization builds new capabilities and to the capabilities of the technology itself. A surprisingly complicated picture on the requirements relating to the implementation of new technologies has emerged in the study. This contributes to the understanding regarding the difficulties of developing new technology and integrating it into an application.}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, scopusid = {84858836177} } @inproceedings{michaelis2010integrating, author = {Michaelis, M. and Wahl, A. and Johannesson, H.}, title = {Integrating product and manufacturing system platforms - Exploring a configurable system approach}, booktitle = {11th International Design Conference Design 2010}, year = {2010}, month = {12}, pages = {1605-1614}, abstract = {While platform strategies are not the silver bullet to the development of products and manufacturing systems, they might at least yield some benefits. This paper explores a specific platform approach looking at products and manufacturing units as configurable systems. It reports an explorative empirical study identifying issues in integrated development. These issues are matched with the capability of the chosen approach to help solving them. Expressing information on appropriate levels of abstraction and illustrating interconnections of the systems are concluded to be two of the benefits.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/29506/integrating_product_and_manufacturing_system_platforms_%E2%80%93_exploring_a_configurable_system_approach}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {84861491081} } @inproceedings{bengtsson2010sequence, author = {Bengtsson, Kristofer and Michaelis, Marcel and Levandowski, Christoffer and Johannesson, Hans and Lennartson, Bengt}, title = {Towards sequence planning based on configurable product and manufacturing system platforms}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Norddesign 2010 the 8th International Norddesign Conference}, year = {2010}, month = {12}, pages = {467-476}, abstract = {Operation sequences are central in the interaction between product and manufacturing development. This is because the sequences create an understanding of how a product is manufactured. The high degree of complexity in managing and planning manufacturing operations during the development of a configurable product and manufacturing platform requires a new and more flexible sequence planning approach. By integrating configurable product and manufacturing system platform descriptions, product variance, manufacturing system flexibility, and product and manufacturing system complexity can all be efficiently adapted to each other by considering interrelated constraints. Such an integrated platform system also provides the information required to describe the operations needed to manufacture an instantiated product variant. This paper proposes an approach in which sequences are viewed based on the relations among self-contained operations, thus saving engineers from manually constructing sequences for each product variant. The sequences of operations related to, for example, the part flow for a specific platform configuration, robot operations or operator tasks can be automatically visualized through the use of different perspectives.}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {84859904442} } @inproceedings{edholm2010geometry, author = {Edholm, P. and others}, title = {Geometry interactions in configurable platform models}, booktitle = {11th International Design Conference Design 2010}, year = {2010}, month = {12}, pages = {195-204}, abstract = {Geometry interactions between geometry interfaces (locating schemes and mating geometries) of parts in a platform environment composed by Conifgurable Components, CCs, are defined and tested in this paper. The interactions are defined as sub-objects within the already defined CC-object. A case study is performed where these CC-objects, with their geometry interfaces and geometry interactions, are defined in a PDM and CAD environment where the functionality has been defined using separate objects exposed in the PDM-structure.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/29365/geometry_interactions_in_configurable_platform_model}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {84861499251} } @article{pettersson2010accuracy, author = {Pettersson, Andreas and Kero, Timo and Gillot, Luc and Cannas, Bernard and Fäldt, Jenny and Söderberg, Rikard and Näsström, Karin}, title = {Accuracy of CAD/CAM-guided surgical template implant surgery on human cadavers: Part i}, journal = {Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry}, year = {2010}, month = {8}, volume = {103}, pages = {334-342}, abstract = {An optimal method for approaching the clinical surgical situation, when using preoperatively, virtually planned implant positioning, is to transfer data to a CAD/CAM-guided surgical template with the definitive position of the implant placed after surgery. The accuracy of CAD/CAM-guided surgeries must be determined to provide safe treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare the deviation between the position of virtually planned implants and the position of implants placed with a CAD/CAM-guided surgical template in the mandible and the maxilla in human cadavers. Ten maxillae and 7 mandibles, from completely edentulous cadavers, were scanned with CT, and 145 implants (Brånemark RP Groovy) were planned with software and placed with the aid of a CAD/CAM-guided surgical template. The preoperative CT scan was matched with the postoperative CT scan using voxel-based registration. The positions of the virtually planned implants were compared with the actual positions of the implants. Data were analyzed with a t test (α=.05). The mean measurement differences between the computer-planned implants and implants placed after surgery for all implants placed were 1.25 mm (95\% CI: 1.13-1.36) for the apex, 1.06 mm (95\% CI: 0.97-1.16) for the hex, 0.28 mm (95\% CI: 0.18-0.38) for the depth deviation, 2.64 degrees (95\% CI: 2.41-2.87) for the angular deviation, and 0.71 mm (95\% CI: 0.61-0.81 mm) for the translation deviation. The results demonstrated a statistically significant difference between mandibles and maxillae for the hex, apex, and depth measurements in the variation between the virtually planned implant positions and the positions of the implants placed after surgery with a CAD/CAM-guided surgical template.}, doi = {10.1016/s0022-3913(10)60072-8}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Design automation}, scopusid = {77957258644} } @article{kero2010virtual, author = {Kero, Timo and Pettersson, Andreas and Fäldt, Jenny and Andersson, Matts and Gillot, Luc and Cannas, Bernard and Näsström, Karin and Söderberg, Rikard}, title = {Virtual variation simulation of CAD/CAM template-guided surgeries performed on human cadavers: Part II}, journal = {Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry}, year = {2010}, month = {7}, volume = {104}, pages = {48-55}, abstract = {Statement of problem: CAD/CAM template-guided surgery has gained attention as a method of improving the predictability of dental implant placement. However, due to possible variations during the manufacturing process and in the robustness of the template design, a virtual prediction of the potential positioning of the implants is needed. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to perform virtual variation simulations on virtually planned implant placements and to compare them with corresponding results from actual surgeries performed on human cadavers in a previous study. Material and methods: Seventeen computer-aided plans were used for virtual variation simulation of surgeries conducted on 17 human cadavers and 145 implants placed in the cadavers. For each surgery, 10,000 virtual surgeries were performed, resulting in 1,450,000 implant placements. The results from the virtual variation simulations were statistically compared with the results from the actual surgeries. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the implant distributions (α=.05). Results: In the maxillae, the difference between the simulated average mean of the mean and the compared surgical average of the median was 0.22 mm (apex) and -0.35 mm (hex), and for the mandible, the corresponding values were -0.19 mm (apex) and -0.69 mm (hex). The simulated average mean of the range compared to the mean range of the maximum deviation results from the surgeries of the maxillae was 2.96 mm (apex) and 0.44 mm (hex), and 2.3 mm (apex) and 0.26 mm (hex) for the mandible. The implant distributions between the simulations and the surgeries were significantly different at both the hex (P<.001) and apex (P<.001). Conclusions: The implant distributions were neither static nor normally distributed. Thus, within the limitations of this study, the definitive geometrical variations of the implants were not static, as they depend on the individual anatomy of the jaws and the ability to place the CAD/CAM-guided surgical template in the proper position.}, doi = {10.1016/s0022-3913(10)60089-3}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Design automation}, scopusid = {77953951236} } @inproceedings{malvius2010increasing, author = {Malvius, Diana and Ivarsson, Martin and Bergsjo¨, Dag}, title = {Increasing performance in complex product development through structured information and cross-functional collaboration}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference 2009 Detc2009}, year = {2010}, month = {6}, volume = {2}, pages = {1043-1050}, abstract = {A joint comparison between two separate case studies is presented in this paper. The studies targeted an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and a selected software supplier to the OEM. Two different measuring methods based on a quantitative and a qualitative approach were used in the compared studies. These two different perspectives are integrated by cross analysis and triangulation into a synthetic understanding of what problems are in common for the two companies and how these interrelate. The studies, with focus on information management issues aimed at identifying improvement areas for performance in product development. It is concluded that factors like cross-functional collaboration and information structure were targeted as areas for critical improvement in both case studies.}, doi = {10.1115/detc2009-87044}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {77953779255} } @inproceedings{forslund2010appearance, author = {Forslund, Karin and Kero, Timo and So¨derberg, Rikard}, title = {Appearance FMEA - A method for appearance quality evaluation of early design concepts}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference 2009 Detc2009}, year = {2010}, month = {6}, volume = {8}, pages = {217-225}, abstract = {For consumer products, early design stages are often concerned with the product’s industrial design, with primary focus on the consumer’s product experience. At this stage, aspects such as manufacturability and robustness are often not thoroughly taken into account. Industrial design concepts not properly suited for manufacture, assembly and process variability can result in final products in which the appearance intent is not satisfactorily realized. This can have a negative impact on the customer’s product quality perception. If such problems are discovered late in the product development process, late design changes and increased project costs may follow. The main difficulty in evaluating perceived quality aspects during industrial design is that the product is still under development. It is not mature enough to enable prediction of the prerequisites for achieving high manufacturing quality. In this paper, we suggest that concepts instead could be evaluated as far as the intrinsic tendency of the product appearance to support manufacturing variation and other noise factors. This is addressed through the concept of visual robustness: the ability of a product’s visual appearance to stimulate the same product experience despite variety in its visual design properties. Here, a method is suggested based on the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA). The method follows a structured procedure for addressing appearance issues.}, doi = {10.1115/detc2009-87161}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {77953746716} } @phdthesis{lindquistwahl2010collaborative, author = {Lindquist Wahl, Andreas}, title = {Collaborative Product Realization - Supply Chain and Integrated Platform Development Issues}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2010}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Platforms have been found to be an efficient means to share development costs and manufacturing assets between many products. By using platforms, companies are able to offer high product variety with very limited resources. Companies that use platforms benefit from economy of scale, as larger series are possible for common parts and components shared by a number of products. Over time, customer demands for specialized products have grown, putting pressure on companies to develop platforms that enable high customization at very limited cost. In the automotive industry, platforms are usually represented by a collection of parts or components. While this approach has traditionally been found to be a successful way of representing platforms, it has shortcomings. Many companies today do not work as single units but are involved in networks of companies consisting of OEMs and several suppliers. In such collaboration networks, the part-based platform often only supports the design engineers at the OEM. It is very difficult for suppliers to use the same approach if their products are to be offered to different OEMs. Furthermore, the part-based description is sometimes not even suitable for collaborations within a company. Departments consider different things to be of interest for reuse. Is it possible to capture different collaborating partners’ needs in a single description of platforms? This thesis focuses on these questions. Six studies have been performed at five companies. The studies address several problems that are considered difficult to manage in collaborative development projects as well as the way platforms can be described to solve these issues. The support for collaboration is investigated from a supply chain perspective as well as a product development and manufacturing perspective. The results of explorative studies have been used to evaluate and refine a platform model consisting of autonomous and knowledge-based configurable system descriptions. The studies show that suppliers often have difficulties adopting a part-based platform approach in the same way as OEMs do, as the suppliers’ components have to be offered to several customers in order to obtain economies of scale. Although platforms are often described as interfaces between modules, current tools to describe platforms in this way have deficiencies. Collaborating partners have also found it difficult to exchange information and data. The configurable component approach, i.e., describing a platform as a set of autonomous configurable generic systems that can be interlinked, is tested and refined in this thesis. Problems found in traditional part-based platform development have been successfully addressed with the configurable component approach.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/125807}, isbn = {978-91-7385-433-7}, type = {Doctoral thesis}, pubtype = {Doctoral thesis}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true} } @article{bergsjo2010customizing, author = {BERGSJÖ, DAG and ALMEFELT, LARS and DINAR, MAHMOUD and MALMQVIST, JOHAN}, title = {Customizing product data management for systems engineering in an informal lean-influenced organization}, journal = {Systems Research Forum}, year = {2010}, month = {6}, volume = {4}, pages = {101-120}, abstract = {The aim of this research work has been to investigate the need to formalize the systems engineering processes for embedded systems at a large automotive company. Further, formalization could be developed by using a commercial Product Data Management (PDM) system as a hub for systems engineering data is investigated.It was found that the case company employs an informal work process where responsibility is delegated to the individual design engineer. The enforcement of formal reports and deliverables is hence quite low. The company rather employs a series of meetings in order to balance the product properties and to follow up on work progress. The rigid test process employed is however more formalized which facilitates use of IT tools.The PDM system was customized to work for two demonstrator cases focusing on integration and workflow. An application solution was written using Visual C\# to automate the design task in conjunction with the PDM system and simulation software.It is concluded that the case company has unique and specific needs that are not completely covered in today's PDM systems. This study further showed that PDM systems are flexible and can be customized to meet many of the needs. Nonetheless, it is questionable if the PDM solution fully supports the informal and lean influenced organization.}, doi = {10.1142/s1793966610000193}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, scopusid = {80052059886} } @article{hallstedt2010approach, author = {Hallstedt, Sophie and Ny, Henrik and Robèrt, Karl-Henrik and Broman, Göran}, title = {An approach to assessing sustainability integration in strategic decision systems for product development}, journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production}, year = {2010}, month = {5}, volume = {18}, pages = {703-712}, abstract = {This article aims to explore a new approach to assess company decision systems regarding sustainability-related communication and decision support between senior management and product development levels. The assessment approach was developed in theory and its applicability was directly tested in action research in two small and medium-sized companies and two large companies. The results were validated against experiences made by two management consultancies. Our study indicates that successful companies should: (i) integrate sustainability into business goals and plans, backed up by suitable (ii) internal incentives and disincentives and (iii) decision support tools. Our study also indicates that the new assessment approach can be used as a template to assess the current state of sustainability integration in company decision systems.}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.12.017}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {77950342108} } @article{kero2010method, author = {Kero, T. and Söderberg, R. and Andersson, M. and Lindkvist, L.}, title = {A method for improving dental crown fit-increasing the robustness}, journal = {World Academy of Science Engineering and Technology}, year = {2010}, month = {3}, volume = {63}, pages = {37-44}, abstract = {The introduction of mass-customization has enabled new ways to treat patients within medicine. However, the introduction of industrialized treatments has also meant new obstacles. The purpose of this study was to introduce and theoretically test a method for improving dental crown fit. The optimization method allocates support points in order to check the final variation for dental crowns. Three different types of geometries were tested and compared. The three geometries were also divided into three sub-geometries: Current method, Optimized method and Feasible method. The Optimized method, using the whole surface for support points, provided the best results. The results support the objective of the study. It also seems that the support optimization method can dramatically improve the robustness of dental crown treatments.}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {78651564417} } @inproceedings{hogman2009exploring, author = {Högman, Ulf and Bergsjö, Dag and Anemo, Marcus and Persson, Henric}, title = {Exploring the potential of applying a platform formulation at supplier level - The case of Volvo Aero Corporation}, booktitle = {Ds 58 4 Proceedings of Iced 09 the 17th International Conference on Engineering Design}, year = {2009}, month = {12}, pages = {227-238}, abstract = {The utilization of a platform strategy has become a competitive priority in many industries, enhancing ‘economies of scale’. However, few studies have investigated the applicability of platform strategies at supplier level characterized by small batch production.The aim of this study is to investigate the potential for implementing a platform formulation in a company characterized by low volume products designed for functional optimization, usually leading to tailored products. The study is descriptive and exploratory, and has studied the reuse of elements between six different product developments at Volvo Aero Corporation. Four different reuse dimensions were investigated: reuse between different product families, reuse over product generations, reuse between customer products and reuse over product size. The study has shown that reusability exists mostly over generations within the product family. However, it also exists between products in different sizes and between similar components offered to different customers. Some reuse exists between products with different applications, primarily regarding methods and technologies, but only to a limited extent.Implementing a modularized product platform is not seen as feasible, since most reuse is found at higher abstraction levels. Instead, a technology or knowledge platform is seen as more interesting for leveraging corporate assets, both internally and on the market.}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {84859230102} } @incollection{malmqvist2009quality, author = {Malmqvist, Johan and Sadurskis, Aija}, title = {Quality Assurance of engineering education in Sweden}, booktitle = {Engineering Education Quality Assurance A Global Perspective}, year = {2009}, month = {12}, pages = {133-143}, abstract = {The chapter describes the past and future for Quality Assurance programs in Sweden. The Swedish National Agency for Higher Education is the government agency responsible for the evaluation of the quality of university education in Sweden. One of the purposes of the most recent national evaluation of Swedish engineering degree programs in 2005 was to compare the programs and find examples of good practice. In the evaluation, the conceive-design-implement-operate (CDIO) self-evaluation model was introduced to the universities as a model for engineering education development and as an instrument for continuous self-improvement. The next generation of Quality Assurance in Sweden, to be applied in the 2011, is described, focusing on new and changed aims of the Quality Assurance program.}, doi = {10.1007/978-1-4419-0555-0_10}, pubtype = {Book chapter}, scopusid = {77954925851} } @inproceedings{almefelt2009methodology, author = {Almefelt, Lars and Rexfelt, Oskar and Zackrisson, Daniel and Hallman, Teres}, title = {Methodology for service innovation in a multi-disciplinary context}, booktitle = {Ds 58 5 Proceedings of Iced 09 the 17th International Conference on Engineering Design}, year = {2009}, month = {12}, volume = {5}, pages = {405-416}, abstract = {Services’ importance for the economy is increasing. However, services and their development remain under-researched in academia. This paper outlines the results of a project aiming to develop and apply methods for the early phases of service innovation. The project is a collaboration between an automotive manufacturer, a transportation firm, and a university. A research team selected and developed methods for problem analysis, development, and evaluation of services. In a series of workshops, actors from both firms set out on developing new services using the proposed methods. This paper describes these methods as well as demonstrates their application.}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84859256570} } @inproceedings{andersson2009process, author = {Andersson, Petter and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {A process improvement approach to capitalize on manufacturing experience in engineering design}, booktitle = {Ds 58 8 Proceedings of Iced 09 the 17th International Conference on Engineering Design}, year = {2009}, month = {12}, pages = {287-298}, abstract = {The ability to capitalize on company knowledge and experience earned in various projects is recognized as key assets in the competition on the growing global market. Methods and tools are constantly evolving, still there is a frustration over repeated design flaws and design engineers has a difficult task to find and use manufacturing experience from earlier projects. This paper outlines a process improvement approach where the engineering process is described and analysed to find bottlenecks. Examples from other engineering processes are presented along with a prototype of a knowledge application to resolve identified issues with the manufacturing feedback process. Experience and knowledge are closely related, hence a knowledge life cycle explain the different steps with a capturing and deploying side. The manufacturing feedback processes is analysed where search \& find together with contextualisation of experience data are recognised as key mechanisms. A knowledge application is presented that presents experience data from different repositories in a way that is logic for the receiver. This reduces the lead-time and increase the quality of the feedback process.}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84859224596} } @inproceedings{edholm2009knowledge, author = {Edholm, P. and Wahl, A. and Johannesson, H. and So¨derberg, R.}, title = {Knowledge-based configuration of integrated product and process platforms}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference}, year = {2009}, month = {12}, volume = {2}, pages = {495-504}, abstract = {The definition of the content of a product platform highly affects the possibility to engineer and produce unique and optimized products to suit customer needs. In this paper, generic configurable autonomous subsystems, Configurable Components (CCs), are used to define platforms that can be used to configure and instantiate product as well as process structures and to optimize instantiated part solutions. To simulate a realistic industrial environment, a configuration demonstrator has been developed and used to perform case studies in order to test the CC concept. The test cases are focused on geometrical interfaces between components. Communication functionality between the demonstrator and a CAT (Computer Aided Tolerancing) tool has been developed to enable automatic optimization of interface concepts during configuration. In summary, the paper shows that, given variant-specific input data, a knowledge-based platform definition with high design bandwidth can be used to configure, engineer and manufacture an instanced product variant.}, doi = {10.1115/detc2009-86540}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {82155188832} } @inproceedings{hatami2009optimised, author = {Hatami, Sepehr and Stolt, Roland and Nyborg, Lars}, title = {Optimised selection of processing routes for sintered parts manufacture: A component-oriented approach}, booktitle = {Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials 2009 Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials Powdermet 2009}, year = {2009}, month = {12}, pages = {139-1323}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84883332530} } @inproceedings{malvius2009use, author = {Malvius, Diana and Bergsjo¨, Dag and Norell, Margareta}, title = {Use of measurements for information system introductions}, booktitle = {2008 Proceedings of the ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference Detc 2008}, year = {2009}, month = {11}, volume = {3}, pages = {1319-1326}, abstract = {Methods, or more correctly a lack of methods, for measuring information systems (IS) introductions are discussed in this paper. Industry practice when it comes to IS investment evaluation methods is reported on based on findings from nine in-depth interviews with IS/IT experts from automotive companies, IS suppliers and IS consultancy firms. It is suggested that identified and existing methods can be divided into three groups, namely: subjective estimations, economic measurements, and convenient measurements. It is concluded that no complete or reliable method for measuring the success of IS introductions are recognized within studied companies or reviewed literature. It is argued that IS introductions, being a costly investment to most companies, should be evaluated in order to obtain improved company and IS user value and to better justify the investment.}, doi = {10.1115/detc2008-50127}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {70349234299} } @inproceedings{berglund2009platform, author = {Berglund, Fredrik and Bergsjo¨, Dag and Ho¨gman, Ulf and Khadke, Kiran}, title = {Platform strategies for a supplier in the aircraft engine industry}, booktitle = {2008 Proceedings of the ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference Detc 2008}, year = {2009}, month = {11}, volume = {4}, pages = {55-66}, abstract = {The utilization of a platform strategy has become a competitive priority in many industries, most notably in the automotive industry. Naturally, many firms in other industries are adopting this strategy with different modifications and degrees of implementation. However, little research covers the application of platform development in a supplier and/or small batch production environment. The adaptation of a platform strategy in these settings, by a supplier in the aircraft engine industry, is the focal point of this paper. Based on platform development literature and the characteristics of the aircraft engine industry and the company studied advantages and hindrances for platform strategies have been ruled out. Interviews with involved people within the company studied have further clarified different perspectives on platforms and their possible utilization. Based on the analysis of collected information it is proposed that a possible platform strategy would include: a technology platform, incorporating general knowledge on core technology assets embodied in either humans, organizations, processes, information or methods; and a product platform, incorporating product specific elements that could be re-used when developing new components for a particular product line.}, doi = {10.1115/detc2008-49526}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {69949115513} } @inproceedings{catic2009manufacturing, author = {C´atic´, Amer and Andersson, Petter}, title = {Manufacturing experience in a design context enabled by a service oriented PLM architecture}, booktitle = {2008 Proceedings of the ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference Detc 2008}, year = {2009}, month = {11}, volume = {5}, pages = {257-265}, abstract = {An increased competition on the product development market pushes the industry to continually improve product quality and reduce product cost. There is also a trend towards considering a products life cycle aspects including environmental sustainability. The manufacturing process is a major cost driver in the product life cycle; hence, there are many initiatives to improve manufacturability and reduce production cost. Learning from earlier projects is essential to avoid recurrence of problems and is generally realized through use of concurrent engineering and design for manufacturing (DFM). Other research provides general DFM principles which state detailed guidelines for how different geometries combined with different manufacturing processes affect component quality and cost. The real competitive edge lies however in the development and application of company specific DFM principles that are based on manufacturing experiences. To do so requires an overview of and access to the collected manufacturing experiences. The aim of this paper is to point out key enablers for efficient reuse of manufacturing experience, which is considered to contribute to lower product cost and higher product quality. A study performed at an automotive and at an aerospace engine manufacturer pointed out the apparent need and lack of reuse of manufacturing experiences in product development. Applications supporting reuse of manufacturing experience through embedded DFM knowledge in designer’s CAD system were found in the literature. The issue of integrating these applications with the enterprise environment, in order to capitalize on existing sources of manufacturing experience, is addressed with a proposed solution applying a service oriented PLM architecture. In addition, a graphical user interface visualizing the manufacturing experience in a combined product and process context was developed. The validation of these proposed and developed solutions was done through interviews and workshops. The conclusions are that visualization of manufacturing experiences in a combined product and process context provides improved understanding of how the experiences relate to each process history and that a key enabler for integration of information in heterogeneous environments is the use of standard service oriented architectures and neutral formats.}, doi = {10.1115/detc2008-49858}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, scopusid = {69949178317} } @article{isaksson2009development, author = {Isaksson, Ola and Larsson, Tobias C. and Rönnbäck, Anna Öhrwall}, title = {Development of product-service systems: Challenges and opportunities for the manufacturing firm}, journal = {Journal of Engineering Design}, year = {2009}, month = {8}, volume = {20}, pages = {329-348}, abstract = {Product-Service Systems (PSS) raise interesting opportunities for the manufacturing firm as the function is provided to meet customer needs rather than the physical hardware itself. PSS offerings based on the manufacturer's knowledge about the product and the technology can increase its status as problem-solver and solution-provider, reduce life cycle cost and produce high revenue. However, PSS including, e.g. hardware, services, software and electronics are efficient and competitive only if developed for the specific purpose with features such as easy to maintain, upgradeable, with built-in sensors for collecting in-use and service data, and easy to use. This changes the requirements on the manufacturing firm's development process. Looking back historically, the last century gives an interesting changing landscape of the rationale for the product-development methods used in manufacturing firms. This article, based on the previous research in the product- and service-development fields, and on empirical results from studies at several manufacturing firms, looks into how the engineering work is affected by PSS and how it can be enhanced for PSS, especially in terms of required competencies and other capabilities. It results in recommendations for a new, functional product-development process.}, doi = {10.1080/09544820903152663}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {85009863315} } @phdthesis{bergsjo2009product, author = {Bergsjö, Dag}, title = {Product Lifecycle Management – Architectural and Organisational Perspectives}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2009}, abstract = {This thesis investigates Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) with focus on architectural and organisational perspectives. The increased complexity in industry regarding processes, IT systems and organisation makes it difficult to manage product information from several and traditionally different engineering fields. It is evident that it is no longer possible to design a product without sharing information across the company. This is where PLM will play a large and important role in streamlining the information flow in the industry of tomorrow. The two themes for the research, architectural and organisational perspectives, are connected with the identified research opportunity regarding introduction and improvement of PLM. From one perspective, the planning of the roll-out calls for structured and well-thought-through maps of the PLM landscape including processes and information, that is, the PLM architecture. On the other hand, the organisation needs to prepare for the large organisational change that constitutes PLM work. In combination, the PLM architecture and organisation studies complement each other and contribute to building purposeful PLM systems that will suit an ever-changing organisation. The architectural perspective includes technical aspects of PLM and different integration concepts to integrate product development at product-developing firms. The focus of this part of the research has been mechatronic product development where mechanical, electrical and electronics, and software engineers need to collaborate efficiently. In this research several different PLM integration architectures have been evaluated, and specifically a service-oriented architecture (SOA) with relevance to PLM processes has been tested in demonstrators. The research concludes that flexible PLM architecture as offered by the SOA is beneficial for most companies since it allows flexible IT environments that can evolve over time, and can be enabled by a stepwise introduction. The organisational perspective targets the great organisational impact that PLM and in particular PLM introductions have. Of specific interest is the PLM user, the engineer working in the product development process. This part of the research has led to development of methods and tools to manage the management and user perspectives, as well as statistical tools to identify problems with PLM and to cluster PLM users according to their specific needs. This part of the research concludes that it is important to involve the PLM user in the PLM deployment, and that goals and visions can be shared between both management and PLM users. Further, the statistical tools show promising results in order to identify target areas for improvement and to be used for better planning of a PLM introduction. The research is essentially based on a qualitative approach employing interviews, combined with quantitative data collection, workshops, document studies, and demonstrator development.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/92570}, isbn = {978-91-7385-257-9}, type = {Doctoral thesis}, pubtype = {Doctoral thesis}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{catic2009integrating, author = {Catic, Amer}, title = {Integrating KBE and PLM Through a Service Oriented Architecture}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Globalization has made a large impact on product development, especially in mature businesses such as the automotive and aerospace industries. As product and manufacturing technologies become more common and widespread, the competitive advantage for many companies shifts to knowledge about using those technologies. This knowledge is based on many years of experience and relates both to the product design and to the process for designing and manufacturing the product. Engineering knowledge thus is an asset that needs to be captured, stored and managed, which provides strategic long-term benefits. In parallel, IT tools for storing and executing different kinds of knowledge, such as expert systems for diagnosis or rule-based systems for mechanical design, have been developed and are more usable and accessible today. In the field of engineering, rule-based applications are available in many IT tools for computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided engineering (CAE) and so on. The term knowledge-based engineering (KBE) was coined in the mid-1980s as a label for the CAD-integrated applications for designing rule-based geometries. There is no widely accepted definition of the term. In this thesis KBE embraces the capture and reuse of engineering knowledge in general, regardless of domain of application. The focus of this thesis is on how KBE, both as an IT application and as a method, is integrated with the product development process. The focus has been on integration of KBE with product lifecycle management (PLM) which embraces methods and IT tools for managing product and process information throughout a product’s lifecycle. KBE should be an integral part of PLM in the same way as CAD, CAE, PDM and so on. The thesis considers architectural issues in order to investigate which conceptual solutions for the PLM architecture are the most suitable for integrating KBE and PLM. It is concluded that a service-oriented PLM architecture is the most promising integration concept, not only from an IT perspective to integrate KBE with CAD, CAE, PDM and so on, but also from a process perspective to ensure optimal support for the way engineering knowledge can be captured and reused in the product development process. The service-oriented architecture is based on standardized interfaces which support the exchange of data across applications, and modularization which supports increased reuse of solutions. From an implementation point of view, it makes it possible to create KBE applications of any size, without the need to duplicate information that already exists somewhere else – thus decreasing the implementation costs. The ability to create KBE applications at a low cost raises the potential to integrate KBE with the product development process, since engineers can create their own small applications without having to organize large IT projects. Two other PLM architectures, single-source architecture and a peer-to-peer architecture, have been studied and both entail disadvantages, not only for the integration of KBE but also for management of IT. The main drawback of the single-source architecture is related to its implementation, as a “one application fits all engineers” mindset is impossible to implement in practice. In the peer-to-peer architecture every new IT implementation brings about large costs and requires many resources, which affects the possibility to support the idea of each engineer making a small KBE application that adds to a bigger whole.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/89625}, type = {Licentiate thesis}, pubtype = {Licentiate thesis}, theme = {Design automation}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{hogman2009technology, author = {Högman, Ulf}, title = {Technology development process and platform for efficient innovation - The perspective of a supplier in the aerospace industry}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Technology and innovation has received substantial research attention from a multitude of perspectives during the last 40 years. Typically, technology development often has a fuzzy goal of building knowledge or demonstrating feasibility, is characterized by a high degree of initial uncertainty, and is in need of extensive experimentation. Adopting structure and normative models in this type of development is a balancing act between the rational needs of the corporation and the need for exploration and innovation. The purpose of this research project is to develop operational support for companies pursuing innovation and technology development. In this work, two different approaches to managing the inherent uncertainty in technology development have been explored: applying a platform formulation and describing the technology development process in the form of a normative model. A qualitative research approach has been chosen focusing primarily on one particular company, Volvo Aero Corporation (VAC). VAC is characterized by low production volume, complex products, and business-to-business relationships with a limited customer base. The research has been conducted in three different studies where focus groups, semi-structured interviews and participatory action research have been the primary data collection methods. Given the context of the case company VAC, the following conclusions can be drawn from this work: A platform formulation in different dimensions, primarily regarding technology, can support both internal and market efficiency. A hypothetical platform prescription has been proposed where the corporate context has been considered. Normative process models based on the stage-gate model can benefit technology development, given that they are adapted to the explorative nature of such uncertain development. The possibility to generalize regarding these conclusions at this stage is limited, given that most of the research has been conducted in one company. However, external validity is strengthened by similar results found in literature. Finally, the transferability of the results is supported by a thorough description of the studied company and its industrial context.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/90406}, type = {Licentiate thesis}, pubtype = {Licentiate thesis}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true} } @incollection{johannesson2009knowledge, author = {Johannesson, Hans and Gedell, Stellan}, title = {Knowledge based configurable product platform models}, booktitle = {Handbook of Research in Mass Customization and Personalization}, year = {2009}, month = {1}, pages = {357-375}, abstract = {Product platform development faces problems with inefficient knowledge management and reuse, as well as configuration strategies leading to intolerable part number growth. In order to address these problems a system oriented and abstract knowledge based approach is proposed to define and to describe configurable product platforms. A modeling procedure and a new fully configurable platform model concept, consisting of linked fully configurable generic and autonomous sub-systems, have been developed. The model has been implemented as a separate platform configuration (PFC) system being the base for system configuration. The proposed platform model has been partly verified and validated in cooperation with the industrial partners participating in the referred research project.}, doi = {10.1142/9789814280280_0019}, pubtype = {Book chapter}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {84988603454} } @inproceedings{bergsjo2008implementing, author = {Bergsjö, D. and Ćatić, A. and Malmqvist, J.}, title = {Implementing a service oriented PLM architecture using PLM Services 2.0}, booktitle = {Proceedings Design 2008 the 10th International Design Conference}, year = {2008}, month = {12}, pages = {271-280}, abstract = {This paper regards the implementation of a service oriented PLM architecture in the automotive industry. To test this, a demonstrator that implements the standard PLM services 2.0 has been developed. The demonstrator supports the change management process of a diesel engine and accesses information from distributed databases across organizations and technology domains. Findings regard issues related to the benefits and limitations of the standard as well as implications of a service oriented PLM architecture experienced from business and user perspectives. In order to manage a shift towards SOA it is also needed to invest in PLM management and support capabilities. SOA contributes to take better control of the business logic, than competing PLM architectures as well as it offers good engineering support.}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, scopusid = {84861485333} } @inproceedings{bergsjo2008integrated, author = {Bergsjö, Dag and Catic, Amer and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Towards integrated modelling of product lifecycle management information and processes}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Norddesign 2008 Conference}, year = {2008}, month = {12}, pages = {253-264}, abstract = {This paper makes a review of the current standards and practices regarding, PLM architecture and modelling languages for information and system modelling. As well as it makes a short review of the trends in automotive and aerospace PLM applications in industry. It is concluded that enterprise and PLM modelling can be and is being performed in industry at different abstraction levels. A more uniform and integrated approach towards modelling of both IT and processes is believed to be beneficial from several viewpoints, not least in order to better govern and manage the IT and process integration and architecture over time, in an ever changing business context.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/27374/towards_integrated_modelling_of_product_lifecycle_management_information_and_processes}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {84859919287} } @inproceedings{andersson2008current, author = {Andersson, P. and Wolgast, A. and Isaksson, O.}, title = {Current industrial practices for re-use of manufacturing experience in a multidisciplinary design perspective}, booktitle = {Proceedings Design 2008 the 10th International Design Conference}, year = {2008}, month = {12}, pages = {885-892}, abstract = {The impact on manufacturability due to decisions made during Product Development is well known and approaches such as Concurrent Engineering (CE) and Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) [Boothroyd 2002], [Egan 1997], have been used for some time. Despite the significant efforts made in academia and within industry- experiences gained during production tend to remain within}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84861486202} } @phdthesis{stolt2008cad, author = {Stolt, Roland}, title = {CAD-model parsing for automated design and design evaluation}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2008}, abstract = {Product development has both innovative and analytic sides. Starting from the requirements, a design suggestion is generated. In order to assess how well the envisioned design fulfils the requirements, it is sometimes necessary to build a computer model of it for the analysis. The overall motivation of the work presented is to reduce the time spent on creating the model by reusing knowledge gained from developing similar products by suggesting, building and evaluating IT-systems. To verify the systems real design examples, obtained from companies that have participated in the research projects have been used. The work is based on two major application examples. The first, involving the automated geometrical idealisation of die-cast parts (Paper I-III), and the second involving manufacturability of powder metallurgy pressed and sintered parts (Paper IV-VI). The work starts from the point in the product development process where it exists a design suggestion represented as an arbitrary format CAD-model. In the powder metallurgy case the object is to secure that the geometry is suitable for the production process. In the die-casting case the object is to automatically create an idealised version of the model for shell elements meshing. These two tasks have previously been treated as two separate cases, addressed by completely different software. This thesis suggests a common method for addressing the two cases. The method is based on converting the CAD-models, using the geometrical restrictions of the production processes, into a format with a specialised feature structure, parameterisation and construction history using a feature recognition approach. The features are then automatically reconstructed in a target CAD-system. The resulting, specialised CAD-model can be used for automated design and design evaluation purposes, demonstrated in the thesis. The models are therefore called DAR (Design Automation Ready)-models. The DAR-models are useful in that they separate the conversion from the subsequent treatment of the models providing modularisation, flexibility and user insight in the model structure. In that a construction history and parameterisation have be constructed in the target CAD-system, the advanced geometry manipulation and means for knowledge management often provided in modern CAD-systems can be accessed in a transparent and user manageable way. This extends the usefulness of the CAD-systems from involving only interactive work to managing all components sharing the same production process.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/76844}, isbn = {978-91-7385-175-6}, type = {Doctoral thesis}, pubtype = {Doctoral thesis}, theme = {Design automation}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{kero2008managing, author = {Kero, Timo}, title = {Managing the Effect of Manufacturing Variation in Medical Treatments}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2008}, abstract = {To stay competitive in the market today, biomedical manufacturing companies must shorten their product realization time. These companies also deal with an increased demand for medical applications of high quality, from both the perspectives of user, government and internal requirements. This implies that many product aspects must be optimised in order to meet the higher demands. One important aspect that must be considered to meet the higher demands and stay competitive, and to optimize the mission-statement-to-product launch time, is how decisions made at the beginning of the process will have a great effect on the final product. This mean that complications should be found early and that methods that avoid complications ought to be implemented and used. One factor to consider early in the design phase is manufacturing variation, which affects the final geometrical quality to a high degree. Therefore, by designing robust solutions for the product, the manufacturing variation can be suppressed, consequently enabling possibilities for delivering high quality products. Moreover, one of the great challenges in biomedical applications is to offer possibilities to treat a wide range of patients. This means that individually manufactured components with individual geometries are often used according to mass-customization principles. That fact puts even greater demands on the whole product realisation process. Therefore, enabling methods for managing the effect of manufacturing variation, by means of variations simulation, to support the whole product realization process is of great value within biomedical device manufacturing. The objective of this research is to gain knowledge about how the product realization process, within medical device manufacturing, influences the final product from a geometrical perspective. Besides introducing the robust engineering field to medicine, new aspects in robust engineering have been explored by introducing individual geometries, by means of mass-customization, from medical treatments to the field of robust engineering To meet the objective, a variation simulation of the medical treatment method was carried out, and the model was verified against real data taken from actual surgeries. The treatment method was also studied with a focus on how to increase the robustness of the treatment method by re-engineering the existing treatment method. Knowledge of what parameters influence the final variation in the treatment method and an understanding of how parameters can be modeled to increase the robustness for the design have been gained. In addition, a geometry assurance method suitable for medical treatments using mass-customized products is suggested.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/74417}, isbn = {1652-9243}, type = {Licentiate thesis}, pubtype = {Licentiate thesis}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{johansson2008design, author = {Johansson, Joel}, title = {Design Automation Systems for Production Preparation}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2008}, abstract = {Intensive competition on the global market puts great pressure on manufacturing companies to develop and produce products that meet requirements from customers and investors. One key factor in meeting these requirements is the efficiency of the product development and the production preparation process. Design automation is a powerful tool to increase efficiency in these two processes. The benefits of automating the production preparation process are shortened led-time, improved product performance, and ultimately decreased cost. Further, utomation is beneficial as it increases the ability to adapt products to new product specifications with production preparations done in few or in a single step. During the automation process, knowledge about the production preparation process is collected and stored in central systems, thus allowing full control over the design of production equipments. Three main topics are addressed in this thesis: the flexibility of design automation systems, knowledge bases containing conflicting rules, and the automation of the finite element analysis process. These three topics are discussed in connection with the production preparation process of rotary draw bending. One conclusion drawn from the research is that it is possible to apply the concept of design automation to the production preparation process at different levels of automation depending on characteristics of the implemented knowledge. In order to make design automation systems as flexible as possible, the concept of object orientation should be adapted when building the knowledge base and when building the products geometrical representations. It is possible to automate the process of setting up, running, and interpreting finite element analyses to a great extent and making the automated finite element analysis process a part of the global design automation system. Keywords: Design automation, Rotary draw bending, Knowledge Based Engineering (KBE), and Finite Element Analysis (FEA).}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/70603}, type = {Licentiate thesis}, pubtype = {Licentiate thesis}, theme = {Design automation}, openaccess = {true} } @inproceedings{malvius2008balancing, author = {Malvius, Diana and Bergsjo¨, Dag and Molneryd, Sara}, title = {Balancing operational and strategic impacts on information management}, booktitle = {2007 Proceedings of the ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference Detc2007}, year = {2008}, month = {6}, volume = {2 PART B}, pages = {985-994}, abstract = {Strategies for successful information management that supports multidisciplinary systems engineering are reported on. Inter-disciplinary and inter-lifecycle integration are considered as prerequisites to establish efficient information management. Top and middle management, and designer perspectives on integrated information management have been studied in an interview study within electrical and electronics, and software R\&D departments in the automotive industry. Identified misalignments in needs, expected benefits and goals for information management between different perspectives are described. Ways to achieve synergies and conflicts with operational and strategic impacts on information management are discussed in the paper.}, doi = {10.1115/detc2007-35438}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Knowledge management}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {44849091157} } @article{lindquist2008supplier, author = {Lindquist, Andreas and Berglund, Fredrik and Johannesson, Hans}, title = {Supplier integration and communication strategies in collaborative platform development}, journal = {Concurrent Engineering Research and Applications}, year = {2008}, month = {3}, volume = {16}, pages = {23-35}, abstract = {Following the introduction of platform-based products, especially considering that platforms are used for multiple brands, there is certainly a growing need for system engineering processes and techniques. This is further emphasized by the fact that companies faced with collaborative platform development frequently need to harmonize often opposing claims from stakeholders with different backgrounds, beliefs, desires and intentions. A core strategy for using resources (e.g., work-hours, knowledge, and production systems) better and more flexibly is to involve suppliers earlier in the development cycle. From this perspective, well-designed and efficiently managed supplier integration is a huge competitive advantage. Supplier integration may range from component design and manufacture to full responsibility for the design of complex distributed systems. The starting point for this work is the results from a previous study, made by the authors, in which a Swedish automotive company and one of its sub-suppliers were examined in order to identify communication barriers. This revealed several problems regarding supplier interaction and information management in projects where both suppliers and product owners contribute their unique knowledge. Following the previous study, the questions to answer include: How can platforms be represented to suit suppliers as well as orginal equipment manufacturers? How does one guarantee efficient, accurate and secure information exchange between the parties involved? Consequently, this article pinpoints some of the problems that companies involved with collaborative product platform development, together with their suppliers, must face today. To answer these questions, interviews, and document studies were conducted for a Swedish truck manufacturer. The results are oriented to the interfaces between product owners and their suppliers.}, doi = {10.1177/1063293x07084639}, url = {https://hal.science/hal-00571216/document}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {40549105766} } @article{ny2008introducing, author = {Ny, Henrik and Hallstedt, Sophie and Robèrt, Karl‐Henrik and Broman, Göran}, title = {Introducing templates for sustainable product development: A case study of televisions at the Matsushita Electric Group}, journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, year = {2008}, month = {1}, volume = {12}, pages = {600-623}, abstract = {We have previously developed a method for sustainable product development (MSPD) based on backcasting from basic sustainability principles. The MSPD informs investigations of product-related social and ecological sustainability aspects throughout a concurrent engineering product development process. We here introduce "templates" for sustainable product development (TSPDs) as a complement. The idea is to help product development teams to arrive faster and more easily at an overview of the major sustainability challenges and opportunities of a product category in the early development phases. The idea is also to inform creative communication between top management, stakeholders, and product developers. We present this approach through an evaluation case study, in which the TSPDs were used for a sustainability assessment of televisions (TVs) at the Matsushita Electric Group. We study whether the TSPD approach has the ability to (1) help shift focus from gradual improvements of a selection of aspects in relation to past environmental performance of a product category to a focus on the remaining gap to a sustainable situation, (2) facilitate consensus among organizational levels about major sustainability challenges and potential solutions for a product category, and (3) facilitate continued dialogue with external sustainability experts, identifying improvements that are relevant for strategic sustainable development. Our findings indicate that the TSPD approach captures overall sustainability aspects of the life cycle of product categories and that it has the above abilities.}, doi = {10.1111/j.1530-9290.2008.00061.x}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, openaccess = {true}, scopusid = {56749178843} } @incollection{larsson2008rethinking, author = {Larsson, Andreas and Larsson, Tobias and Bylund, Nicklas and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Rethinking Virtual Teams for Streamlined Development}, booktitle = {Virtual Technologies Concepts Methodologies Tools and Applications Volume 1 3}, year = {2008}, month = {1}, volume = {3}, pages = {1646-1664}, abstract = {Much of the research on creative teams tends to focus mainly on relatively small teams working in the fuzzy front-end of product development. In this chapter, we bring a complementary perspective from an industry context where creativity is often perceived as risky business—yet a precondition for success. Here, we focus closely on people and teams that might not usually describe their own work to be of a primarily ‘creative’ nature, and that currently work under circumstances where traditional approaches for enhancing creativity might no longer be applicable. Drawing from experiences in automotive and aerospace development, we argue that it is time to radically progress our current understanding of how creativity could be introduced in organizations where factors like legal demands and contractual agreements severely restrict ‘outside-the-box’ thinking, and where well-known creativity enablers such as trust, shared goals, and shared culture are becoming increasingly difficult to accomplish.}, doi = {10.4018/978-1-59904-955-7.ch107}, pubtype = {Book chapter}, scopusid = {105012690492} } @article{bergsjo2008implementinga, author = {Bergsjo, Dag and Catic, Amer and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Implementing a service-oriented PLM architecture focusing on support for engineering change management}, journal = {International Journal of Product Lifecycle Management}, year = {2008}, month = {1}, volume = {3}, pages = {335-355}, abstract = {The aim of the study is to implement a service-oriented architecture(SOA) and evaluate its applicability to an industrial case, using PLM services2.0. This paper focuses on IT support for engineering change management(ECM). ECM is a cross-functional process including several technology fieldsand life cycle stages. The product information is accessible from a servicelayer where it is either used directly by the user or provided as input toknowledge-based engineering (KBE) applications which simulate and analysethe impact of an engineering change. It is concluded that SOA is an efficientarchitecture that enables integration of KBE applications. PLM services 2.0 is acompetent new standard that needs improvements regarding documentation andmore detail. In general, it can be concluded that it is necessary to invest more indata management and support capabilities, and that SOA contributes to takingbetter control of the business logic in comparison with other PLM architectures.}, doi = {10.1504/ijplm.2008.027010}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, scopusid = {67651176419} } @inproceedings{bergsjo2007product, author = {Bergsjö, Dag and Vielhaber, Michael and Malvius, Diana and Burr, Holger and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Product lifecycle management for cross-x engineering design}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Iced 2007 the 16th International Conference on Engineering Design}, year = {2007}, month = {12}, volume = {DS 42}, abstract = {This paper deal with the urgent problem to create integrated PLM solutions in today's European automotive industry. Two European automotive companies have been used as case companies in order to carry out these studies. Configuration management and engineering change management are two information management processes that span throughout the extended company, through engineering domains and through the product lifecycle. This makes them ideal as study objects to create new methods, and to enable PLM for cross-x engineering design. Several guidelines regarding IT system architectures for cross-x PLM are presented, e.g.: modularity, central coordination, standard communication, minimum process redundancy, and general modelling constructs.}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {84862634804} } @inproceedings{byggeth2007introductory, author = {Byggeth, Sophie H. and Ny, Henrik and Wall, Johan and Broman, Göran and Robèrt, Karl-Henrik}, title = {Introductory procedure for sustainability-driven design optimization}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Iced 2007 the 16th International Conference on Engineering Design}, year = {2007}, month = {12}, volume = {DS 42}, abstract = {In response to the increasingly competitive global market, there is a growing interest in design optimization. Being able to include aspects of socio-ecological sustainability in product design should aid companies to both improve current competitiveness and to identify viable long-term investment paths and new business opportunities in the evolving sustainability-driven market. A case study of a water jet cutting machine is used to illustrate a new iterative optimization procedure that combines a technical assessment with a sustainability assessment. Sustainability assessment methods/tools are first used to identify prominent sustainability problems from present-day flows and practices (“societal indicators”) and to generate ideas of long-term solutions and visions. Based on this, preliminary ideas about likely desirable changes in machine properties are obtained. Technical investigations are then performed to assess if/how these particularly desirable changes in machine properties could in principle be realized through changes in design variables. After that, obtainable changes are fed back to a new and more refined sustainability assessment to find out the societal implications of these changes. This may in turn result in other desirable design changes, which may call for a new and more refined technical assessment, etcetera. The experience from the case study indicates that the suggested integrated and iterative working procedure should be able to add information about socio-ecological impacts of product properties and influence design criteria used in prioritisation situations during product development.}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {84862627412} } @book{crawley2007rethinking, author = {Crawley, Edward F. and Malmqvist, Johan and Östlund, Sören and Brodeur, Doris R.}, title = {Rethinking engineering education: The CDIO approach}, publisher = {Rethinking Engineering Education the Cdio Approach}, year = {2007}, month = {12}, pages = {1-286}, doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-38290-6}, pubtype = {Book}, scopusid = {84890004810} } @inproceedings{zimmerman2007facilitating, author = {Zimmerman, Trond and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Facilitating interdisciplinary PLM through usage of Hub methodology and 3D lightweight visualisation data}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Iced 2007 the 16th International Conference on Engineering Design}, year = {2007}, month = {12}, volume = {DS 42}, abstract = {Demands on shortened development leadtimes in many branches of the manufacturing industry has implied earlier and more intense efforts of sales, manufacturing and aftermarket preparations than before. Thus, the need of sharing emerging pieces of the product definition from product development to downstream processes such as manufacturing and aftermarket has received more attention in later times. An important view of the product definition is its geometrical representation. Distribution and use of 3D visualisation data is a critical ability for an effective downstream development. This work relates to a study in the commercial vehicle industry and concern issues on how to efficiently distribute configured visualisation data to the aftermarket preparation process throughout the product development process, including the conceptual design phases. This includes utilisation of visualisation data for production of service and repair methods, service information, parts assortment and spare parts information. The results unfold information needs from, and requirements on the Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) system, from an aftermarket perspective. These prerequisites are set in relation to available information technology and utilised or evolved architectural concepts. The analysis comprise an exploitation of 3D lightweight formats as a mean for carrying geometrical definitions between processes and organisations, as well as different standards and techniques for establishing a working application and infrastructure architecture in support. The principal element is an architectural design for an Engineering Portal (Hub) and adherent feasibility analysis.}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Knowledge management}, scopusid = {84862607222} } @inproceedings{catic2007integration, author = {Ćatić, Amer and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Towards integration of KBE and PLM}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Iced 2007 the 16th International Conference on Engineering Design}, year = {2007}, month = {12}, volume = {DS 42}, abstract = {In this paper the issue of integrating knowledge based engineering (KBE) and product lifecycle management (PLM) is addressed at an architectural level. State of the practice and state of the art KBE applications in the literature and in industrial use constituted the empirical base for a categorization of such applications. Two categorizations are presented; one where applications are viewed from the perspective of desired result and one which relates the KBE application to the task it performs and the tool it performs it with. A service oriented PLM architecture has been found to be promising for integrating KBE and PLM. PLM services, whose main role is to retrieve and store data needed or generated by the KBE application, constitute the integration pattern. The KBE applications, which apply PLM services, are in their turn offered as services provided through the PLM environment. Based on these KBE services, a concept called knowledge modules is introduced. The aim of knowledge modules is to map and integrate KBE applications to support or automate engineering activities which today are performed as services between engineering departments such as e.g. complete design verifications or complete configurations.}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Design automation}, scopusid = {84862596424} } @inproceedings{osterberg2007improving, author = {Österberg, Anders and Ivansen, Lars and Beyerl, Angela and Newman, Tom and Bowhill, Amanda and Sahouria, Emile and Schulze, Steffen}, title = {Improving the CD linearity and proximity performance of photomasks written on the Sigma7500-II DUV laser writer through embedded OPC}, booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE the International Society for Optical Engineering}, year = {2007}, month = {12}, volume = {6730}, abstract = {Optical proximity correction (OPC) is widely used in wafer lithography to produce a printed image that best matches the design intent while optimizing CD control. OPC software applies corrections to the mask pattern data, but in general it does not compensate for the mask writer and mask process characteristics. The Sigma7500-II deep-UV laser mask writer projects the image of a programmable spatial light modulator (SLM) using partially coherent optics similar to wafer steppers, and the optical proximity effects of the mask writer are in principle correctable with established OPC methods. To enhance mask patterning, an embedded OPC function, LinearityEqualizeTM, has been developed for the Sigma7500- II that is transparent to the user and which does not degrade mask throughput. It employs a CalibreTM rule-based OPC engine from Mentor Graphics, selected for the computational speed necessary for mask run-time execution. A multinode cluster computer applies optimized table-based CD corrections to polygonized pattern data that is then fractured into an internal writer format for subsequent data processing. This embedded proximity correction flattens the linearity behavior for all linewidths and pitches, which targets to improve the CD uniformity on production photomasks. Printing results show that the CD linearity is reduced to below 5 nm for linewidths down to 200 nm, both for clear and dark and for isolated and dense features, and that sub-resolution assist features (SRAF) are reliably printed down to 120 nm. This reduction of proximity effects for main mask features and the extension of the practical resolution for SRAFs expands the application space of DUV laser mask writing.}, doi = {10.1117/12.747074}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {42149102805} } @incollection{crawley2007introduction, author = {Crawley, Edward F. and Malmqvist, Johan and Östlund, Sören and Brodeur, Doris R.}, title = {Introduction}, booktitle = {Rethinking Engineering Education the Cdio Approach}, year = {2007}, month = {12}, pages = {1-5}, doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-38290-6_1}, pubtype = {Book chapter}, scopusid = {84890010135} } @incollection{crawley2007overview, author = {Crawley, Edward F. and Malmqvist, Johan and Östlund, Sören and Brodeur, Doris R.}, title = {Overview}, booktitle = {Rethinking Engineering Education the Cdio Approach}, year = {2007}, month = {12}, pages = {6-44}, doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-38290-6_2}, pubtype = {Book chapter}, scopusid = {84890002868} } @inproceedings{osterberg2007embedded, author = {Österberg, Anders and Ivansen, Lars and Åhlfeldt, Henrik and Fosshaug, Hans and Newman, Tom and Bowhill, Amanda and Sahouria, Emile and Schulze, Steffen}, title = {Embedded optical proximity correction for the Sigma7500 DUV mask writer}, booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE the International Society for Optical Engineering}, year = {2007}, month = {11}, volume = {6607}, abstract = {Optical proximity correction (OPC) is widely used in wafer lithography to produce a printed image that best matches the design intent while optimizing CD control. OPC software applies corrections to the mask pattern data, but in general it does not directly compensate for the mask writer and mask process characteristics. The Sigma7500 deep-ultraviolet (DUV) mask writer projects the image of a programmable spatial light modulator (SLM) onto the mask using partially coherent optics similar to wafer steppers, and the residual optical proximity effects of the mask writer are in principle correctable with established OPC methods. To enhance mask patterning, an embedded OPC function called LinearityEqualizerTM has been developed for the Sigma7500 that is transparent to the user and which does not degrade mask throughput. It employs the Mentor Graphics Calibre OPC engine, selected for the computational speed necessary for mask run-time execution. A multi-node cluster computer applies optimized table-based CD corrections to polygonized pattern data, which is then refractured into a standard writer format for subsequent data processing. This short-range proximity correction works in conjunction with ProcessEqualizerTM, a previously developed print-time function that reduces long-range process-related CD errors. OPC flattens the linearity behavior for all linewidths and pitches, which should improve the total CD uniformity on production photomasks. Along with better resolution of assist features, this further extends the application space of DUV mask writing. Testing shows up to a 4x reduction in the range of systematic CD deviations for a broad array of feature sizes and pitches, and dark assist features are reliably printed down to 120 nm at mask scale.}, doi = {10.1117/12.728918}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {36248947172} } @phdthesis{bergsjo2007management, author = {Bergsjö, Dag}, title = {Management of Mechatronic Product Data in PLM Systems}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2007}, abstract = {There are unique problems with mechatronic design. The increased amount of information available, and the need to manage this information from several and traditionally different engineering fields, have made it evident that it is no longer possible to design without solid knowledge about what is going on in related fields. With a different set of development tools, vocabulary and process traditions, the mechatronic field now has to be integrated. PLM systems and their PDM predecessors show promising signs of being able to do this. However, it is not (only) a matter of collecting and presenting information for designers. There must be found suitable means to categorise and identify the information that is needed. Not only CAD drawings, but also requirements, systems and functionalities, have to be managed. Performing these changes is not an easy task, and the end-user, that is, the designer, may or may not understand the underlying reasons for implementing PLM systems. It is important that designers can be motivated by the PLM approach, which makes it possible to increase efficiency by e.g. reducing the current information-management complexity of, for example, different application and system interfaces that confront the designer in the mechatronic field. The focus of this work has been on finding an applicable framework for how to manage mechatronic product data in PLM systems. The approach is based on interviews and workshops. Two demonstrators are presented (Paper A) that show the applicability of PLM for mechatronics. It is concluded that commercial PLM systems can be modified to support mechatronic product development. Architectural issues in PLM for mechatronics are also presented. Papers B and C discusses different architectures and a loose integration concept based on services is presented in Paper C. Three separate studies resulting in four published articles are reported on in this licentiate thesis. Business needs are seen as the predominant factor in order to achieve successful mechatronic integration in PLM systems. The major benefits of an integrated model from a business viewpoint are found in the information integration and data integrity. This would lead to better quality assurance and better products delivered to the customer. From the users’ perspective (Paper D), mechatronic integration could lead to that their work procedures dramatically has to be changed, however access to better management functionality would reduce the time}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/27093}, type = {Licentiate thesis}, pubtype = {Licentiate thesis}, theme = {Knowledge management}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{elgh2007computer, author = {Elgh, Fredrik}, title = {Computer-Supported Design for Producibility : Principles and Models for System Realisation and Utilisation}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2007}, abstract = {For many products, the adaptation to customer specifications is essential and requires flexible product design and manufacture while maintaining competitive pricing. Engineering design is often concerned with striking a good balance between product properties, e.g. performance, and the resources required to manufacture and assemble the product. When different courses of action are to be evaluated, even seemingly small changes in customer requirements, product design, and manufacturing properties have to be handled with caution. Small changes can entail products with: low level of conformability with the manufacturing system, highly increased cost, and extended manufacturing lead-time. For most companies, the manufacturing system is a valuable asset that is more or less fixed and only minor adaptations are allowed. This implies that the product design has to be adapted to the manufacturing system to a large extent. Design for producibility (DFP) is the process in which a systematic method is used to reach the required functional properties of the product at the same time as good compliance with the manufacturing system is ensured. The DFP process usually needs to involve several persons simultaneously for the purpose of sharing information and knowledge. For many manufacturing companies, the collaboration between engineering design and production engineering is a critical issue and they have to improve their methods and tools for ensuring and enhancing producibility. This can be achieved by introducing computer-supported design for producibility. The present research is intended to contribute to the development and utilisation of different application systems that can be used as such computer support. The aim is to provide companies with support in application system development and to show how different application systems can be used in a systematic way as means to ensure and enhance producibility. The competitive advantages to gain from introducing computer-supported design for producibility are: product designs with high level of conformability with the production system, shortened manufacturing lead-time, and decreased manufacturing cost. This work contributes to the achievement of these advantages by introducing a framework with principles and models supporting application systems development. Three types of application systems are presented and their practical usefulness is examined, showing practitioners how producibility aspects can be assessed systematically. The main scientific and theoretical contribution of the work comprises: the descriptions concerning how to structure and describe the product and product-related information (manufacturing requirements, costs, process plans and production resources), the foundation of different information models, and the clarification of the models’ interrelationships. This is perceived as a contribution to a better understanding of the domains and how they relate to each other.Design for producibility (DFP) is the process in which a systematic method is used to reach the required functional properties of the product at the same time as good compliance with the manufacturing system is ensured. The DFP process usually needs to involve several persons simultaneously for the purpose of sharing information and knowledge. For many manufacturing companies, the collaboration between engineering design and production engineering is a critical issue and they have to improve their methods and tools for ensuring and enhancing producibility. This can be achieved by introducing computer-supported design for producibility. The present research is intended to contribute to the development and utilisation of different application systems that can be used as such computer support. The aim is to provide companies with support in application system development and to show how different application systems can be used in a systematic way as means to ensure and enhance producibility.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/44790}, isbn = {978-91-7291-975-4}, type = {Doctoral thesis}, pubtype = {Doctoral thesis}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{cederfeldt2007planning, author = {Cederfeldt, Mikael}, title = {Planning Design Automation : A Structured Method and Supporting Tools}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2007}, abstract = {The demand for customised products that meet different markets and different customers is steadily increasing. Also, the demand for shorter lead times for the delivery of these customised products puts strains on design departments whose work tends to become increasingly repetitive. At the same time, designing variants takes time from innovative, original design, and/or problem-solving tasks. A powerful tool in the endeavour to cut lead times, workloads, and ultimately costs in order to become more competitive in an increasingly globalised market is Design Automation. Automating tedious and repetitive design tasks will free the designers to focus on the tasks that require skill, creativity, intuition, and cooperation to be solved. Consequently, seeing a need for design automation systems is not difficult. What becomes a lot more difficult is identifying the type, scope, and format of the system implementation, as well as the actual design tasks and activities to support or automate. Therefore, there is a need for structured and systematic approaches for the realisation and implementation of design automation systems. This research work is aimed at presenting such approaches, methods, and aids. It also addresses the importance of identifying the exact tasks to be automated. This has to be done in order to find the method and implementations best suited for solving the tasks, something that is especially important for companies whose human and financial resources might not allow them to invest in a system with functionality that vastly exceeds their actual needs. The contribution of this work is a structured method for planning for design automation implementation. First, the design process is discussed from an automation perspective. Following this is a presentation of a framework of design automation. This framework has the purpose of serving as a common base for consensual discussions about design automation. In addition, it supports the setting-up of system specifications. The framework is followed by the introduction of a set of identifiers of system needs and potentials, focusing on the existing processes that need to be broken down and identified in order to specify the tasks to be automated. Following this is a set of criteria of system characteristics, focusing on properties of the intended system implementation. Finally, some realisation and implementation issues are addressed and exemplified through a number of pilot system implementations. The presented method for planning design automation, together with the presented framework of design automation, provides implementers with issues to address regarding potential, need, scope, and format of system implementations. Further, it supports the weighing of desired system characteristics in order to find the right balance between system complexity and functionality.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/40200}, isbn = {978-91-7291-912-9}, type = {Doctoral thesis}, pubtype = {Doctoral thesis}, theme = {Design automation}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{lindquistwahl2007supply, author = {Lindquist Wahl, Andreas}, title = {Supply Chain Collaboration in Platform Development}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2007}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/48684}, type = {Licentiate thesis}, pubtype = {Licentiate thesis}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true} } @article{byggeth2007method, author = {Byggeth, Sophie and Broman, Göran and Robèrt, Karl-Henrik}, title = {A method for sustainable product development based on a modular system of guiding questions}, journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production}, year = {2007}, month = {1}, volume = {15}, pages = {1-11}, abstract = {In this paper, we present a method for sustainable product development (MSPD) with the aim of integrating social and ecological aspects of sustainability with a strategic business perspective in product development. The method applies backcasting from basic principles for sustainability, which allows a strategic approach, and it includes a modular system of guiding questions that are derived by considering these principles and the product life cycle. Initial testing in Swedish companies indicates that the suggested MSPD promotes a 'bird's eye' perspective and encourages and aids development of products that support society's transformation towards sustainability. Furthermore, it is concluded that the modular system provides flexibility and user-friendliness.}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2006.02.007}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {33748755435} } @article{almefelt2006requirements, author = {Almefelt, Lars and Berglund, Fredrik and Nilsson, Patrik and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Requirements management in practice: Findings from an empirical study in the automotive industry}, journal = {Research in Engineering Design}, year = {2006}, month = {12}, volume = {17}, pages = {113-134}, abstract = {This paper presents an empirical study carried out in the automotive industry, with the aim to bring forward new experiences and knowledge on management of requirements in practice. Adopting a qualitative systems approach, and using multiple information sources, the requirements management process during the development of a passenger car cockpit has been mapped out. More specifically, the intention has been to identify and describe progress, changes, deviations, and compromises regarding the requirements and their fulfilment linked to the different phases of the product development. The logical reconstruction of the requirements management process is complemented with broad descriptions of associated phenomena, such as important events, organisational structures, competences, and attitudes. Findings are presented, analysed and discussed considering also factors underlying observed phenomena. Accompanying the empirical findings, the paper concludes with recommendations for constructive and efficient requirements management in practice.}, doi = {10.1007/s00163-006-0023-5}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, scopusid = {33750969990} } @inproceedings{bergsjo2006architectures, author = {Bergsjö, D. and Malmqvist, J. and Ström, M.}, title = {Architectures for mechatronic product data integration in PLM systems}, booktitle = {9th International Design Conference Design 2006}, year = {2006}, month = {12}, pages = {1065-1076}, abstract = {In this paper four generic architectures for PLM implementations in complex product development settings are presented and analysed. The focus has been on the information integration problems relating to mechanical, electrical, and software product data. The purpose of the study has been to identify basic needs and challenges and to propose principal solutions for data integration. The conclusions involve strengths and weaknesses regarding each PLM integration approach. The results are based on a case study performed in an automotive company.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/19110/architectures_for_mechatronic_product_data_integration_in_plm_systems}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, scopusid = {84861497821} } @inproceedings{bergsjo2006use, author = {Bergsjö, Dag and Malvius, Diana}, title = {Use of information management systems from designers' perspective}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Norddesign 2006 Conference}, year = {2006}, month = {12}, pages = {179-190}, abstract = {In product development research, studies that aim at identifying best practice methods and processes are often conducted. However, it is also essential to learn about causes for bad practice and ...}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Knowledge management}, scopusid = {84859961763} } @inproceedings{persson2006new, author = {Persson, J. and others}, title = {A new Swedish textbook on Product Development and Design}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Norddesign 2006 Conference}, year = {2006}, month = {12}, pages = {317-332}, abstract = {Several textbooks on systematic product development and design methodology have been published during the nineties. This literature, in English, is to a large extent based on recent international d ...}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/24290/a_new_swedish_textbook_on_product_development_and_design}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84859940772} } @inproceedings{hellgren2006reducing, author = {Hellgren, Jonas and Fosshaug, Hans and Österberg, Anders and Ivansen, Lars}, title = {Reducing process contributions to CD error range using the Sigma7500 pattern generator and ProcessEqualizer™}, booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE the International Society for Optical Engineering}, year = {2006}, month = {9}, volume = {6283 I}, abstract = {Photomask CD control requirements continue to tighten due to inevitable device scaling, in addition to the increasing mask error enhancement factor (MEEF). Managing the total CD error on production masks requires not only that the error contributions from the pattern generator should be minimized, but also that there is a way to handle errors due to the mask process. This paper addresses process-related contributions such as the CD signatures from mask developing and etching, and how their impact on the total CD error range can be reduced. This is accomplished using the on-line ProcessEquilizerTM function in the Sigma7500 DUV laser pattern generator. Long range and medium range process CD errors are major contributors to the total CD error range. These errors can be classified as being either pattern-independent or pattern-dependent. Pattern-independent errors may occur in the bake, develop and etch process steps. These errors are by definition static from mask to mask, and can therefore be mapped and compensated by local sizing of the mask pattern data. Pattern-dependent errors typically originate from loading effects, for example, in plasma etching. If such errors can be predicted from the pattern density variation across the mask, then they can also be corrected for with local sizing. The on-line ProcessEqualizerTM function performs local sizing, and offers a significant advantage over off-line solutions that have the drawback of requiring flattening and refracturing of the pattern data. Local sizing is performed in parallel with writing in the Sigma7500, and has no effect on throughput. In this paper the ProcessEqualizerTM function is described, including how it is operated in the maskshop. Results are presented demonstrating the performance of the ProcessEqualizerTM for handling global CD error signatures.}, doi = {10.1117/12.681743}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {33748056470} } @article{byggeth2006handling, author = {Byggeth, Sophie and Hochschorner, Elisabeth}, title = {Handling trade-offs in Ecodesign tools for sustainable product development and procurement}, journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production}, year = {2006}, month = {7}, volume = {14}, pages = {1420-1430}, abstract = {Trade-off situations often occur in the product development and procurement processes when alternative solutions emphasize different aspects that have to be balanced against each other. Ecodesign tools can be used in both product development and purchasing, for example to prescribe design alternatives, assess environmental impacts or to compare environmental improvement alternatives. However, it is not always clear what should be chosen in trade-off situations. In this study, 15 different Ecodesign tools were analyzed to ascertain whether a valuation is included in the tools, in what way the tools give support in different types of trade-off situations and whether the tools provide support from a sustainability perspective. Nine of the 15 tools analyzed included a valuation and were able to provide support in a trade-off situation, but the support was not sufficient. The valuation should include a life cycle perspective and a framework for sustainability. Otherwise, it can lead to strategically incorrect decisions from a sustainability perspective with concomitant risks of sub-optimized investment paths and blind alleys. However, all the analyzed tools can be complemented with other tools and methods based on strategic planning towards sustainability in order to include a framework for sustainability.}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2005.03.024}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {33745672767} } @phdthesis{claesson2006configurable, author = {Claesson, Anders}, title = {A Configurable Component Framework Supporting Platform-Based Product Development}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Product development in the automotive industry is a challenging task for many reasons. There is an ongoing globalization and a constant evolution in the relationships between the OEMs and their suppliers driving an almost constant stream of changes and new challenges to well-established organizations and companies. During a long period of time the automotive industry has established more and more of a mass-customized approach to its business operations. Customers require products to be almost individually tailored to their needs, expectations, and personalized statements. On the other hand, the automotive industry strives minimize costs to be competitive and profitable. Economy of scale from high volumes of common parts is a common approach to minimize product costs. A complementary approach is reuse of existing parts whenever possible. The combination of these factors drives a platform-based approach to product development. The challenge is to maintain a capability to deliver customized products while reducing the number of unique components and design solutions needed for the customization. Modularization and design for variety are approaches to create design solutions that can be used in such an environment to create the appropriate variety using a limited set of component. This thesis argues for the need to introduce more capable product descriptions that can be used by all engineering disciplines and in a cross-functional teamwork during all lifecycle phases of the product. Given the need for product variety the core product definition must include mechanisms to define and manage this variety and enable representation of all relevant product configurations. The main contributions of the research lie in: • definition of the concept of configurable components that are presented as the elements and building blocks capable of providing the foundation for a next generation product description systems, • extension and linkage of existing design theories and methods (e.g. function-means modeling) with the proposed concept of configurable components that extends the current knowledge with mechanisms and methods to deal with variety, and • extension of the concept of configurable components to be used also for manufacturing system modeling with linkage between the product and the manufacturing system models. The research presents an integrated framework for utilizing configurable product and manufacturing system models. The concept of configurable components, the focus on appropriate design bandwidth, and the integrated framework will improve the capability develop high variety and platform-based products with a co-optimization of variety and commonality.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/20165}, isbn = {91-7291-791-1}, type = {Doctoral thesis}, pubtype = {Doctoral thesis}, theme = {Platform-based development}, openaccess = {true} } @phdthesis{stolt2006cad, author = {Stolt, Roland}, title = {From CAD to FEA : A Design Automation Perspective}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2006}, abstract = {CAD-models of parts produced by injection moulding or die casting are often complex making the task of automated geometrical idealisation for finite element analysis difficult. Conventional tools for geometric idealisation are not ideal for the task as will be shown in the thesis. To address the idealisation problem this thesis proposes a novel method of creating geometric idealisations of CAD-models for finite element analysis. Knowledge about the production and design processes is used to support the idealisations. The key idea is simplify the idealisation problem by using the fact that die-cast and injection-moulded parts have a clearly defined tooling draft direction. It is primarily the mid-surfaces of the thin-walled geometry that are extracted for shell element meshing. The ideas have been tested by the creation of a CAD-integrated system which reads the construction history tree of the CAD-model and creates an idealised geometry in the same CAD-model automatically. It is also shown how the system can be used for idealising neutral format files by creating a virtual construction history tree in interaction with the user. The system is named CASTING (CAd Supported Tool for Idealisation of Geometry). The overall objective is to save time in the idealisation step freeing time for more creative work in the design process.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/publication/23021}, type = {Licentiate thesis}, pubtype = {Licentiate thesis}, theme = {Design automation}, openaccess = {true} } @inproceedings{boart2006enabling, author = {Boart, Patrik and Isaksson, Ola}, title = {Enabling variation of manufacturing process parameters in early stages of product development}, booktitle = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers Computers and Information in Engineering Division Ced}, year = {2006}, month = {1}, abstract = {Currently, mechanical design of aero engine structural components is defined by dimensioning of Design Parameters (DP's) to meet Functional Requirements (FR's). FR's are typically loads, geometrical interfaces and other boundary conditions. Parameters from downstream processes are seldom actually seen as DP's. This paper proposes that downstream process parameters are treated as DP's which calls for engineering methods that can define and evaluate these extended set of DP's. Using the proposed approach manufacturing process alternatives can be used as DP's in early stages of product development. Both the capability to quantitatively assess impact of varying manufacturing DP's, and the availability of these design methods are needed to succeed as an early phase design method. One bottleneck is the preparation time to define and generate these advanced simulation models. This paper presents how these manufacturing process simulations can be made available by automating the weld simulation preparation stages of the engineering work. The approach is based on a modular approach where the methods are defined with knowledge based engineering techniques-operating close to the CAD system. Each method can be reused and used independently of each other and adopted to new geometries. A key advantage is the extended applicability to new products, which comes with a new set of DP's. On a local level the lead time to generate such manufacturing simulation models is reduced with more than 99\% allowing manufacturing process alternatives to be used as DP's in early stages of product development.}, doi = {10.1115/imece2006-14459}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {85196511819} } @inproceedings{bergsjo2006implementing, author = {Bergsjo¨, Dag and Malmqvist, Johan and Stro¨m, Mikael}, title = {Implementing support for management of mechatronic product data in PLM systems- Two case studies}, booktitle = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers Computers and Information in Engineering Division Ced}, year = {2006}, month = {1}, abstract = {In this study, product information models of two different companies both developing advanced mechatronic products are described, compared, and implemented in demonstrators. This has been done in order to investigate to what extent currently available PLM systems can manage this integration. The study shows that requirements for mechatronic product data are rather similar in the two companies. Differences involve the amount of product data generated in a development project, but there are also other differences related to development traditions. The contribution of the study is an evaluation of how integrated information models for mechatronic development can be managed in PLM systems. It is concluded that this can be done, however this requires a modified approach to software engineering.}, doi = {10.1115/imece2006-14483}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Knowledge management}, scopusid = {85196494074} } @inproceedings{andersson2005systematic, author = {Andersson, Sven B. and Malmqvist, Johan and Wedel, Maria Knutson and Brodeur, Doris B.}, title = {A systematic approach to the design and implementation of design-build-test project courses}, booktitle = {Proceedings Iced 05 the 15th International Conference on Engineering Design}, year = {2005}, month = {12}, volume = {DS 35}, abstract = {Project courses in which students design, build and test a device on their own are increasingly being used in engineering education. The reasons include that such projects do not only train design skills, they also give an improved understanding of engineering science knowledge. From a learning point of view a design-build-test (DBT) experience might be invaluable. For}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84862620791} } @inproceedings{almefelt2005balancing, author = {Almefelt, Lars}, title = {Balancing properties while synthesising a product concept - A method highlighting synergies}, booktitle = {Proceedings Iced 05 the 15th International Conference on Engineering Design}, year = {2005}, month = {12}, volume = {DS 35}, abstract = {The paper presents a systematic design method allowing use of vague information available in the early concept stages. The method constitutes decision support in cross-functional work, and focuses attention on synergies between sub-solutions in order to facilitate overall performance and performance/cost ratio. The method does not guarantee the ultimate concept, since all possible combinations are not studied, and factors not included in the method may affect the overall performance, but it produces an effective concept solution using minimal resources. The team members involved in the industrial application are of the opinion that the method encourages creativity, provides essential support for consideration of overall product solutions and property balance, and supports cross-functional co-operation.}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84862620505} } @inproceedings{berglund2005utilising, author = {Berglund, Fredrik and Claesson, Anders}, title = {Utilising the concept of a design's bandwidth to achieve product platform effectiveness}, booktitle = {Proceedings Iced 05 the 15th International Conference on Engineering Design}, year = {2005}, month = {12}, volume = {DS 35}, abstract = {Developing complex products based on global platforms is a challenge many enterprises face today. Key factors (motors) for utilising platforms in a global organisation are strong incentives for the introduction of platform-based products, such as: the economies of scale by reusing design solutions and minimising bill-of-materials; customer-oriented offers with high degree of variety; the responsiveness in time-to-market; and the flexible utilisation of design and manufacturing resources. It is however not a straightforward process to achieve the expected benefits from product platforms. For instance, to create a configurable platform, that can carry many products, needs more initial resources and time than to create a single product. Thus, one has to make sure that one can utilise the platform as efficient as possible, and get as many high-selling products out of it as possible.}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {84862603460} } @phdthesis{almefelt2005requirements, author = {Almefelt, Lars}, title = {Requirements-Driven Product Innovation - Methods and Tools Reflecting Industrial Needs}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2005}, abstract = {Product development in the automotive industry is typically characterised by cross-functional teamwork. At the same time, the organisation and development culture are in many ways component-oriented and indeed, highly advanced from the point of view of component development. As a result, most components themselves are relatively mature. However, there is more room for change and thus improvement when it comes to product integration. There is also potential in moving the central point of the development process towards early phases, to focus on concept and system design. Furthermore, it is essential for a car manufacturer, among others, to have the ability to develop products in which a large number of features and properties have to be incorporated. Besides, competition will continually force companies to reduce costs while the product value as seen by the customer has to increase. In addition, in a market which is flooded with similar products, innovation and renewal are vital importance for securing the long-term survival of the operations. Considering these opportunities, which can be seen as strategic, there is an increased need for knowledge on structured work procedures for concept development and requirements management, including potential effects in use. It is also desirable to develop approaches that are more considerate of industrial needs. In line with the scope presented and a problem-oriented, multidisciplinary research approach used, the knowledge that emerged from this research extends from descriptive to prescriptive: • Experiences about product development and requirements management in current industrial practice, as well as recommendations reflecting insights. • A product modelling concept supporting systematic design in general and requirements traceability in particular. • A systematic method for balancing properties while synthesising a product concept. The balancing philosophy adopted is to meet the overall product’s desired performance profile as efficiently as possible, by selecting and integrating sub-solutions that harmonise; meaning synergies. • A reason-based approach for an innovation-oriented requirements and/or design review. This approach reflects the intention to facilitate further requirement and solution reflection and development, rather than just assessing the status in relation to a predefined criteria set-up. • Experiences about method and tool applicability in cross-functional teams. The conclusions drawn indicate that the research matter is not just black or white: Structured approaches, including systematic design methodology and related computer-based tools, essentially support concept development and requirements management, but they always have to be applied in a flexible way and be adapted to the situation at hand. Specifically, the risk of formalistic influences has to be attended to, for the benefit of fruitful co-operative development work. Moreover, a requirements-driven process has evident benefits in communicating a common target in a complex context, keeping the main theme throughout the project, and inherently to highlight purpose in design. However, this puts demands on the requirements management itself: To formulate requirements truly driving value, and to allow that requirements are active and evolving objects that continuously capture knowledge gained. This is particularly important with innovation in mind.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/9182}, isbn = {91-7291-718-0}, type = {Doctoral thesis}, pubtype = {Doctoral thesis}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, openaccess = {true} } @article{johannesson2005systematic, author = {Johannesson, H. and Claesson, A.}, title = {Systematic product platform design: A combined function-means and parametric modeling approach}, journal = {Journal of Engineering Design}, year = {2005}, month = {2}, volume = {16}, pages = {25-43}, abstract = {This paper describes a systematic product platform design procedure and a computer-based product platform concept model that capture both functional behavior and embodiment of design solutions as well as the operative component structure in a configurable system product. It is argued that such design procedures and product descriptions are necessary from a business perspective in order to successfully manage development of derivative products and product variants based on a product platform concept. The concepts presented in this paper are currently being deployed by Saab Automobile as the next logical evolution of product description systems necessary in order to maintain competitiveness in the automotive business.}, doi = {10.1080/09544820512331325247}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {12344250542} } @inproceedings{crawley2005curriculum, author = {Crawley, Edward F. and Edström, Kristina and Malmqvist, Johan and Soderholm, Diane H. and Östlund, Sören}, title = {Curriculum design based on the CDIO model}, booktitle = {Sefi 2005 Annual Conference Engineering Education at the Cross Roads of Civilizations}, year = {2005}, month = {1}, pages = {184-191}, abstract = {Implement-Operate (CDIO) engineering educational strategy has been adopted by a number of universities as a framework for reforming engineering programs. One of the key activities in CDIO adoption ...}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84938791830} } @inproceedings{young2005design, author = {Young, Peter}, title = {Design and development of CDIO student workspaces - Lessons learned}, booktitle = {ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition Conference Proceedings}, year = {2005}, month = {1}, pages = {2867-2880}, abstract = {Substantial challenges have been identified in the operations of these CDIO workspaces. Scheduling during the school terms is a continuing challenge to prevent overcrowding and gridlock during highly congested periods of work that emerge at mid-term and end-of-term periods. Acquiring technical staff proficient in a wide of professional areas who are willing to work closely with numerous students throughout the year is a key ingredient for successful acceptance by the students. Close coordination with academic instructors to pre-plan upcoming workspace projects, as well as to manage ongoing projects, requires diligent effort from all parties. Financial resources, needless to say, are vital to being able to provide the required facilities, equipment, and staffing. Each participating CDIO school has used a variety of means, including internal funding from their Engineering Departments, donations from alumni organizations, and from industry.}, doi = {10.18260/1-2--14623}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Knowledge management}, scopusid = {22544462831} } @inproceedings{claesson2005capturing, author = {Claesson, Anders and Rosvall, Bjo¨rn and Johannesson, Hans}, title = {Capturing design knowledge of robust designs using configurable components}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference Detc2005}, year = {2005}, month = {1}, volume = {5}, pages = {423-434}, abstract = {Development of complex, platform-based, and variant-rich products within the automotive industry is in many respects a challenging task. The competitive pressure within the industry requires more and more collaborative development and utilization of systems and components not only within, but also across, product platforms. In such an environment the ability to effectively and efficiently deal with how variability is achieved is an important issue. Many approaches to deal with configuration issues have been subject to extensive research and exploration. In the research presented here the basic idea is to merge influences from established design tools and methods with concepts from research on configuration tasks as well as from product description approaches used within the industry. The presented work has an exploratory nature that aims at increased understanding of the mechanisms, methodology and value of the application of the configurable component concept as a development support tool during platform-based vehicle development. The work presented here has been performed in parallel with a feasibility study for a vehicle cock-pit family. The study aims at investigating prerequisites for enabling a cock-pit solution to be shared as a common solution in several vehicle platforms as well as within each of the platforms. The paper contributes to the understanding of how configurable components can improve the definition and maintenance of design variants and facilitate reuse of these design solutions through the captured trail of design rationale that is achieved through the systematic use of the component definitions.}, doi = {10.1115/detc2005-85364}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {33244471964} } @article{mesihovic2004product, author = {Mesihovic, Samir and Malmqvist, Johan and Pikosz, Peter}, title = {Product data management system-based support for engineering project management}, journal = {Journal of Engineering Design}, year = {2004}, month = {8}, volume = {15}, pages = {389-403}, abstract = {Product development projects are often extremely large, with many hundreds of tasks and thousands of work packages, and pose severe requirements on information management. This paper analyses how Product Data Management (PDM) systems and Project Management Information (PMI) systems should be used to support project work. It is concluded that PDM systems should be used to carry out the project, utilizing lifecycle, workflow and organization modelling functionalities and the common product data models, while PMI systems should be used for high-level project scheduling/visualization, accounting, and reporting activities. An integration of the PMI systems functionality with the PDM systems enables engineering teams to collaboratively on a real-time basis manage project and related product information in a dispersed product development organization.}, doi = {10.1080/09544820410001697190}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {3142685363} } @inproceedings{mesihovic2004process, author = {Mesihovic, Samir and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {A process-oriented approach for management of product configuration MODELS}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference}, year = {2004}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {691-701}, abstract = {Efficient product configuration systems have been widely recognized by industrial companies as an important tool for meeting increasing customer requirements for specifically adapted products according to their needs/requirements. The main obstacle in this area has been the long-term maintenance of the product configuration models with the new product definition information generated throughout the product lifecycle. Much of the work in this area has focused on product architecture issues, data modelling techniques and software tools. However, in order to be useful, the models and software applications must be put into the right business process context that is supported by the proper organizational framework. Thus, the paper presents a generic process-oriented approach for change management of product configuration-related information in industrial companies. The process contains steps for identification of new and/or changed product configuration knowledge, request of a change in the product configuration model, evaluation of the request, and finally an update of the product configuration model in the system. In addition, there is a description of employees’ competence profile descriptions and the organizational roles needed to support an effective product configuration management process in an industrial company.}, doi = {10.1115/detc2004-57384}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {14044263013} } @inproceedings{sutinen2004computer, author = {Sutinen, Krister and Gustafsson, Göran and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Computer support for requirements management in an international product development project}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference}, year = {2004}, month = {1}, volume = {3}, pages = {189-200}, abstract = {Requirements management is a challenging task. For complex products, many thousands of requirements need to be managed, i.e. initially set, allocated, changed, verified etc. An approach to solving this problem is to use IT-based requirements management tools. The paper presents an empirical study of the application of such a tool in an international defense material development project through participation in the project team as well as through interviews, with the aim to observe and explain the use and utility of the tool. The requirements management process in the product development project has been mapped out through the adoption of a qualitative system approach, and by using multiple information sources, such as project documentation, interviews and project participation. More specifically, we have identified different actors' needs for tools and information, and the process of introduction, training and utilization of a requirements management tool. The findings are presented, analyzed and discussed with respect to the factors that underlie the observed phenomena. Finally, guidelines are presented for how to introduce requirements management tools in product development projects.}, doi = {10.1115/detc2004-57329}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, scopusid = {14044249593} } @inproceedings{almefelt2004requirements, author = {Almefelt, Lars and Andersson, Fredrik}, title = {Requirements as a means to drive innovation - A reason-based perspective}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference}, year = {2004}, month = {1}, volume = {3}, pages = {89-98}, abstract = {Requirements and their management is a focused issue in industrial product development, as well as in systematic design methodology presented in literature. Reflecting current industrial practice ? typically involving a strong focus on efficiency issues such as the use of standard components, development lead-time, and productivity ? there is a risk that the consideration of innovation and product value is suppressed. This paper presents possible factors that facilitate the creation of innovative products. These factors, condensed, form a basis for a reason-based method that confronts requirements and solutions with innovation and value issues. A possible application of the proposed method is demonstrated using an industrial product development case.}, doi = {10.1115/detc2004-57227}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, scopusid = {14044262752} } @phdthesis{almefelt2003requirements, author = {Almefelt, Lars}, title = {Requirements Management in Theory and Practice – From Requirements Formulation to Product Concept}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {2003}, abstract = {Product development in the automotive industry is typically characterised by cross-functional teamwork. At the same time, the organisation and development culture are in many ways component-oriented, and, indeed, highly advanced from the point of view of component development. As a result, most components themselves are relatively mature. However, product concepts and systems are often assemblies of traditional components. This means that there is an evident potential in moving the central point of the development process towards early phases, to focus on concept and system design, and thus bring about more efficient product integration. Furthermore, it is essential for a car manufacturer, or other industrial companies dealing with complex products, to have the ability to develop products in which a large number of product features and properties have to be incorporated. Besides, competition will continually force companies to reduce development and product costs while the product value as seen by the customer has to increase. Furthermore, in a marketplace which is flooded with similar products, innovation and product renewal are of vital importance for securing the long-term survival of the operations. In this complex development context, and with this competitive market situation, it is more important than ever to support the development of attractive and innovative products, while adequately considering relevant requirements in a cost-efficient way. Reflecting these opportunities, which can be seen as strategic, there is an increased need for knowledge on concept development and requirements management, as well as an increased interest in using structured work procedures, such as systematic design methods presented in academia. However, although the industrial needs and the application potential are evident, few methods and tools presented in academia have been widely adopted in industry. Thus, it is highly relevant to possess knowledge of how to apply new methods and tools, as well as knowing about potential effects. It also desirable to develop methods and tools that are more considerate of industrial needs. In line with the scope presented and a multidisciplinary research approach used, the knowledge that emerged in this research project extends from descriptive to prescriptive, and from contextual to general. More specifically, the project contributes a deeper understanding of practical product development with a focus on system design and requirements management, as well as design methodology and support tools to design multi-technology products, including experiences from their application in industrial, cross-functional teams. Furthermore, recommendations and guidelines are formulated, including improvement proposals to suit the needs of the automotive industry or other industrial sectors dealing with complex products. Specific phenomena identified might, in addition, point out directions for future product development research and theory development. The conclusions drawn indicate that the research matter is not just a choice of black or white. The general conclusion is that structured approaches, including systematic design methodology and related computer-based tools, essentially support concept development and requirements management, but always have to be applied in a flexible way and be adapted to the situation at hand. In addition, the risk of formalistic influences has to be attended to, for the benefit of fruitful co-operative development. Keywords: Automotive industry, concept development, requirements management, design methodology, product modelling, teamwork, distributed product development.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/99313}, isbn = {1651-0984}, type = {Licentiate thesis}, pubtype = {Licentiate thesis}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, openaccess = {true} } @inproceedings{almefelt2003computer, author = {Almefelt, Lars and Sutinen, Krister and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Computer support for systematic design applied in a cross-functional commercial concept development project}, booktitle = {Concurrent Engineering Research and Applications}, year = {2003}, month = {6}, volume = {11}, pages = {107-120}, abstract = {In this paper, an empirical study aiming at exploring the practical applicability of a computer support for systematic design methodology is presented. During a six-month project, a cross-functional product development team in the automotive industry was studied using an action-based research approach. The team applied a systematic design methodology and used a computer tool that provides support for systematic design. In this paper we set out our conclusions on the effects of the methodology and tool with regard to creativity, quality, time consumption, and the work process of the team. In addition, suggestions for future development of systematic design tools are listed. Finally, recommendations for the application of systematic design in industry are given.}, doi = {10.1177/1063293x03035425}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {0042879793} } @inproceedings{almefelt2003exploring, author = {Almefelt, Lars and Andersson, Fredrik and Nilsson, Patrik and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Exploring requirements management in the automotive industry}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2003}, month = {1}, volume = {DS 31}, abstract = {This paper presents an empirical study carried out in the automotive industry, with the aim to bring forward new experiences and knowledge on management of requirements in practice. Adopting a qualitative systems approach, and using multiple information sources, the requirements management process during the development of a passenger car cockpit has been mapped out. The logical reconstruction of the requirements management process is complemented with descriptions of associated phenomena, such as important events and attitudes. Findings are presented, analysed and discussed considering also factors underlying observed phenomena.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/23950/exploring_requirements_management_in_the_automotive_industry}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, scopusid = {85012303173} } @inproceedings{hallin2003modelling, author = {Hallin, Karl and Zimmerman, Trond and Svensson, Daniel and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Modelling information for mechatronic products}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2003}, month = {1}, volume = {DS 31}, abstract = {In mechatronic product development, there is a lack of a common understanding among different engineering domains, regarding the design. One step in improving this situation is to develop information models capable of representing both hardware and software elements. The objective of this paper is to investigate the Chromosome Model’s ability with respect to the mechatronic product and also to suggest an information model which implements its principles. The approach takes its point of departure on a theoretical level by analysing theories from mechanical and software engineering. Further, software concepts of relevance are incorporated into the Chromosome Model. The result, referred to as a meta model, is then transformed to an information model by utilising STEP AP214. Both the meta model and the information model are validated with an industrial example. The conclusions drawn from the work are that the Chromosome Model can be used as a meta model for mechatronic products and that STEP AP214 can be deployed within the scope of the meta model. The resulting information model captures the functional, causal and spatial relationships of a mechatronic product.}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/24017/modelling_information_for_mechatronic_products}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {80054966519} } @inproceedings{isaksson2003generative, author = {Isaksson, Ola}, title = {A generative modeling approach to engineering design}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2003}, month = {1}, volume = {DS 31}, abstract = {This paper describes an approach at Volvo Aero to systematically develop and use design and evaluation support systems, using Knowledge Based Engineering (KBE) generative modeling techniques. Product and process knowledge derived from product strategies and experiences from previous design projects have to be organised into a successful generative model. These generative models support both the synthesis stages of design and the analysis stages, allowing design alternatives to be compared with each other. The designs are described in product models with a full 3D solid and shell representation, together with material and manufacturing information. The organisation of these models uses ideas from well-known theories in engineering design to meet the requirement of flexibility in updating and reorganisation of the generative models. An example of how these generative design and evaluation systems have been used for a jet engine component conceptual design study is presented. The lead-time for a design and evaluation loop was shortened by more than 90\%, which allowed multiple candidates to be evaluated and presented at the design review following the design study. The design study also required updating of the design system, which was included in the lead time for design. Generative Modeling, Engineering Design, Aircraft Engine, Methodology, Knowledge Based Engineering}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/24201/a_generative_modeling_approach_to_engineering_design}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Design automation}, scopusid = {85012299224} } @inproceedings{claesson2003product, author = {Claesson, Anders and Gedell, Stellan}, title = {Product description using configurable components}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design Iced}, year = {2003}, month = {1}, volume = {DS 31}, abstract = {The topic of this paper is to present an application in a vehicle development program of the concept of configurable components that was introduced by Claesson et al. [1]. The approach taken is to use a system structure composed of configurable components as the core product description system. The applied system structure model is described as well as the implementation of this model in a commercial PDM system. An example will be used to present and explain the key elements in the applied model. Finally, the paper includes some of the experiences we have made. The focus of this paper is on the practical application of the concept in a vehicle development program. The configurable component concept and methodology that has been used at Saab Automobile build upon and extend the research around design theory and methodology and product modeling done at the Department of Product and Production Development, Chalmers University of Technology. Among several published papers, we have chosen [2] and [3] to illustrate the concepts and model developed at Chalmers. The problem space of design of modular and platform based products have been described by several other authors. The problem area and an illustrative example of an approach to deal with modular product architecture is given by Dahmus et al [4].}, url = {https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/24072/product_description_using_configurable_components}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {85012248795} } @article{broman2002integrating, author = {Broman, Göran I. and Byggeth, Sophie H. and Robèrt, Karl-Henrik}, title = {Integrating environmental aspects in engineering education}, journal = {International Journal of Engineering Education}, year = {2002}, month = {12}, volume = {18}, pages = {717-724}, abstract = {The key role of engineers for the transformation of society towards sustainability is a strong motivation for increasing the environmental knowledge within engineering education. Doing this by the concept of integration is presently considered more appropriate than to develop more new education programmes for environmental specialists. This paper describes the integration of environmental aspects into a mechanical engineering education programme. The Natural Step Framework has been used as a basis for this integration. It has been possible to include environmental knowledge without compromising the engineering quality of the programme.}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {0036456286} } @inproceedings{ostlund2002international, author = {Östlund, Sören and Malmqvist, Johan and Ingemarsson, Ingemar and Crawley, Edward F. and Brodeur, Doris}, title = {International collaboration in the reform of engineering education}, booktitle = {ASEE Annual Conference Proceedings}, year = {2002}, month = {12}, pages = {1951-1957}, abstract = {The vision of the project is to provide students with an education that stresses engineering fundamentals set in the context of Conceiving-Designing-Implementing-Operating (CDIO) real-world systems and products. The collaboration calls for three face-to-face meetings per year, alternating venues among the four institutions. Videoconferencing, email, and a dedicated Web page facilitate collaboration between meetings. This paper describes the results of the first year of the collaboration, the impact of the reform efforts, and the plans for the next three years.}, doi = {10.18260/1-2--10957}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {8744235152} } @article{svensson2002strategies, author = {Svensson, Daniel and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Strategies for product structure management at manufacturing firms}, journal = {Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering}, year = {2002}, month = {3}, volume = {2}, pages = {50-58}, abstract = {Product structure management (PSM) is a process that affects many of the activity domains1. (AD) in a company. Different ADs have different requirements for the decomposition of a product structure and the function of the information systems (IS) used. Departments therefore often work in differing ISs. If several ISs contain some of the same information, it is important that it be updated in all systems when it is changed. Since PSM is a change intensive activity, it is difficult to perform it in an environment consisting of several heterogeneous ISs. There is a need for strategies of PSM that take into account all relevant aspects of an IS, such as the process it supports, the type of information handled, the systems used and the organization. Based on a case study at an automotive manufacturing firm, this paper discusses the diverse product structure requirements of various ADs. Proposed strategies for PSM can be used as a general guide and for categorization when analyzing ISs before introducing new systems or restructuring existing systems.}, doi = {10.1115/1.1471356}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {84911396824} } @inproceedings{haddleton2002integrating, author = {Haddleton, Steven and Ivansen, Lars and Simecek, Michal and Schnitker, Uwe and Stiblert, Lars and Enzinger, Manfred and Roessl, Wolfgang and Sundqvist, Mats and Kalus, Christian K.}, title = {Integrating real-time CD corrections into a laser pattern generator}, booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE the International Society for Optical Engineering}, year = {2002}, month = {1}, volume = {4754}, pages = {717-726}, abstract = {Controlling the critical dimension is central in mask manufacturing, and with the ever-shrinking design rule - and hence the increasing requirements on the mask fidelity - new and visionary ways of pushing the envelope of the critical dimension (CD), becomes essential. Research tools and off-line solutions for sizing, proximity correction and other CD compensations have been pursued for some time, but making efficient use of such technologies have been limited by ease-of-use, fracturing and computational time and data volumes associated. Here, we present techniques to deal with these challenges by taking the approach to integrate the solutions into a modern, real-time pattern generator datapath. The solution is based on hierarchical treatment of the patterns in the real-time data path of the pattern generator. By placing it in the real-time domain, we avoid the problem with exploding stream data volumes, and can exploit the parallel architecture and raw computational power of the data path engine.}, doi = {10.1117/12.476922}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {0036454708} } @inproceedings{odselius2001challenging, author = {Odselius, Leif and Ivansen, Lars and Thuren, Anders and Savitsky, Mikhail and Larsson, Jan-Erik}, title = {Challenging giga-feature pattern generation}, booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE the International Society for Optical Engineering}, year = {2001}, month = {12}, volume = {4562 I}, pages = {145-153}, abstract = {Moore's law implies linear growth of integrated circuit density, but the micro-lithographic pattern density grows significantly faster than linear due to OPC embellishments. The progress of technology supporting this growth goes in small steps interleaved by substantial leaps. The leaps occur when the progress in the computing architecture falls behind the requirements from pattern complexity. An established technology can be optimized to a many times surprisingly large extent, but increasing demands eventually crosses the border that makes a given technological architecture inadequate and obsolete. Three major issues with micro-lithographic data processing demand new solutions. One is the need for raw computing power. The second is the data transport mechanisms, which must be designed to prevent bottlenecks. A third issue is the basic data structuring, i.e. the efficiency of the pattern data formats. Exploding reticle pattern complexity requires that backward compatibility with legacy formats is abandoned and that the efficiency of the data format is placed in focus. Micronic Laser Systems maintains a technological roadmap for modular and expandable parallel computing architectures, from data input and pre-processing, through fracturing to rasterizing.}, doi = {10.1117/12.458286}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {0035765907} } @inproceedings{svensson2001integration, author = {Svensson, Daniel and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Integration of Requirement Management and Product Data Management Systems}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference}, year = {2001}, month = {12}, volume = {1}, pages = {199-208}, abstract = {Various database systems are used during the product development process to store and retrieve data about products. For example product data management (PDM), enterprise resource planning (ERP) and requirement management (RM) systems. All those might be needed to support the product development process. Earlier research has investigated the co-existence of PDM and ERP systems. This paper extends this question and takes a look on how requirement management systems fit into the picture and how these systems can be used together in order to support the product development process. A comparison of functionality and product models of RM and PDM systems is made. A requirements driven product model of a car cockpit implemented in a RM tool is used as a theoretical reference. The actual situation at the company developing the cockpit is then described. Based on the comparison of the functionality and the product models, three strategies for how the systems could cooperate are presented. The strategies are discussed from both a theoretical and a practical point of view. The conclusions are that RM systems has functionalities for requirements management that do not exist in a PDM system, which calls for the use of both systems. This results in problems with traceability and duplicate data. A certain degree of requirements traceability can be achieved between the systems by applying the strategies presented, but this is not a trivial task.}, doi = {10.1115/detc2001/cie-21246}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, scopusid = {1342345053} } @inproceedings{claesson2001platform, author = {Claesson, Anders and Johannesson, Hans and Gedell, Stellan}, title = {Platform product development: Product model a system structure composed of configurable components}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference}, year = {2001}, month = {12}, volume = {4}, pages = {317-326}, abstract = {This paper describes how the functional behavior and embodiment of design solutions can be modeled using configurable components. The concept of a system structure composed of configurable components is defined and put in context of business requirements as well as in context of design theory and more specifically the chromosome model and function-means-trees. The paper contends that this kind of product description is necessary from a business perspective in order to successfully manage development of derivative products and product variants based on a product platform concept. The concepts presented in this paper is currently being deployed at Saab Automobile as the next logical evolution of product description systems necessary in order to maintain competitiveness in the automotive business.}, doi = {10.1115/detc2001/dtm-21714}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Platform-based development}, scopusid = {0035791506} } @article{malmqvist2001implementing, author = {Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Implementing requirements management: A task for specialized software tools or PDM systems?}, journal = {Systems Engineering}, year = {2001}, month = {1}, volume = {4}, pages = {49-57}, abstract = {This article argues that product models that include the requirements posed on the product have many potential benefits. For example, they facilitate managing the design process so that its goals are met by enabling a continuous follow-up of the requirements satisfaction status and by supporting the analysis of the consequences of design changes. The paper first introduces a concept for a requirements-driven integrated product and process model. The conditions for support for requirements management are discussed based on this model. Finally, two different ways of implementing the concept: by using specialized Systems Engineering/Requirements Management tools or by using PDM (Product Data Management) Systems are analyzed.}, doi = {10.1002/1520-6858(2001)4:1<49::aid-sys5>3.0.co;2-%23}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, scopusid = {0038306249} } @inproceedings{byggeth2001environmental, author = {Byggeth, Sophie H. and Broman, Goeran}, title = {Environmental aspects in product development - An investigation among small and medium sized enterprises}, booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE the International Society for Optical Engineering}, year = {2001}, month = {1}, volume = {4193}, pages = {261-271}, abstract = {Small- and Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs) represent a large part of industry. Environmental considerations during product development in SMEs therefore imply a large potential for reducing society’s environmental impact. Implementing environmentally adapted product development among SMEs has been considered difficult and is uncommon. Our approach is to develop a qualitative Method for Sustainable Product Development (MSPD) that relates both to a framework for sustainability and to the ordinary product development process. The aim is to guide the user to avoid problems related to social and ecological non-sustainability without demanding extensive expertise knowledge. Two surveys in ten Swedish SMEs have been carried out. An initial survey registered their product development procedures and environmental work as well as desired characteristics of a new suggested method for integrating environmental aspects into the product development process. A second survey registered additional desired characteristics and improvement suggestions when testing an early version of our MSPD. The surveys and the structure of our MSPD are presented, and the desired characteristics for a workable method in SMEs, found in our investigation and in literature, are discussed.}, doi = {10.1117/12.417271}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Sustainable product development}, scopusid = {0035018483} } @article{johannesson2000structure, author = {Johannesson, Hans and Söderberg, Rikard}, title = {Structure and matrix models for tolerance analysis from configuration to detail design}, journal = {Research in Engineering Design Theory Applications and Concurrent Engineering}, year = {2000}, month = {12}, volume = {12}, pages = {112-125}, doi = {10.1007/s001630050027}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {0034510759} } @inproceedings{svensson2000strategies, author = {Svensson, Daniel and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {STRATEGIES FOR PRODUCT STRUCTURE MANAGEMENT IN MANUFACTURING FIRMS}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference}, year = {2000}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {377-386}, abstract = {Product structure management (PSM) is a process that affects many different disciplines in a company. Different disciplines have different demands on the decomposition of the product structure and the functionality of the information systems used. Different disciplines therefore often work in different information systems. If several information systems to some extent contain the same information, it is important that the information is updated in all systems if it is changed. Since PSM is a change intensive activity, it is difficult to perform PSM in an environment consisting of several different information systems. There is a need for strategies for PSM that considers all relevant aspects of an information system, such as the process it supports, the information handled, the information systems used and the organisation. This paper discusses different disciplines requirements on the product structure based on a case study at an automotive manufacturing firm. The paper proposes strategies for PSM that can be used as a guide and for categorisation when analysing the information system before restructuring and/or introduction of new systems.}, doi = {10.1115/detc2000/cie-14607}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {85090241844} } @article{isaksson2000evaluation, author = {Isaksson, Ola and Keski-Seppälä, Sven and Eppinger, Steven D.}, title = {Evaluation of design process alternatives using signal flow graphs}, journal = {Journal of Engineering Design}, year = {2000}, month = {1}, volume = {11}, pages = {211-224}, abstract = {The introduction of new design activities into an established product development process may involve more work in the initial stages of development, yet this extra effort may reduce the need for more expensive and time-consuming redesign activities later in the project. Wehave studied a case where more intensive use of computational simulations in the early design phase means that fewer hardware tests are needed because the designs can be analytically evaluated in advance of physical testing. Total development lead time and cost can thus be significantly reduced. This paper addresses how to evaluate alternative design strategies and methods with respect to their impact on the development process time. This is achieved by analysing the design process using signal flow graphs. The technique has been applied to jet engine component development projects at Volvo Aero Corporation in Sweden. We have found that evaluating alternative processes using signal flow graphs not only is helpful to assess the effect of introduction of new or improved design activities on the development process, but also is a means to facilitate the discussion of process improvement alternatives and trade-offs for an organization.}, doi = {10.1080/095448200750020996}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {0039032209} } @inproceedings{johansson2000scalable, author = {Johansson, Charlotta and Ivansen, Lars and Thuren, Anders and Liden, Per and Bjuggren, Mans}, title = {Scalable pattern generator data path - for the future}, booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE the International Society for Optical Engineering}, year = {2000}, month = {1}, volume = {4000 (I)}, pages = {639-646}, abstract = {With the shrinking design rules for semiconductors mask data complexity increases continuously. The increasing use of OPC, which has become common for advanced masks, reinforces this trend. The requirements on data processing increase and make it a possible bottleneck. Increasing write times directly impact the cost of the photomask. These facts raise the question of how to design a data path that will not limit the writing speed and throughput of a pattern generator.}, doi = {10.1117/12.389055}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {0033683858} } @article{schachinger2000computer, author = {Schachinger, Peter and Johannesson, Hans L.}, title = {Computer modelling of design specifications}, journal = {Journal of Engineering Design}, year = {2000}, month = {1}, volume = {11}, pages = {317-329}, abstract = {This paper presents a new object-oriented generic model that, together with a new method, supports specification of product needs and mapping of influencing surrounding factors. The goal of the method is that individuals involved shall be able to handle and view more information related to concept selection and thereby be able to make more accurate decisions. A direct link to downstream product testing and the possibility to highlight conflicting criteria at an early stage is also desirable. The model is applicable both for new design and re-design tasks. It has, however, so far only been tested in re-design of an existing product, and it has been developed while collecting information about that particular problem. Specification handling of today often results in large and 'hard-to-grasp' quantities of paper documents. The research goal in this work has been to create a specification model for the future, which will be handled by computer tools and provides relevant information to the right user at the right time. Its has been implemented using the commercial METIS Software (NCR Metis, 1995).}, doi = {10.1080/0954482001000935}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {0034355134} } @inproceedings{andersson2000computer, author = {Andersson, Fredrik and Nilsson, Patrik and Johannesson, Hans}, title = {COMPUTER BASED REQUIREMENT AND CONCEPT MODELLING - INFORMATION GATHERING AND CLASSIFICATION}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference}, year = {2000}, month = {1}, volume = {4}, pages = {181-189}, abstract = {This paper proposes a requirement and concept model based on a functional decomposition of mechanical systems. It is an object-oriented approach to integrate the representation of the design artefact and the design activity, through the decisions made during the design evolution. The requirements co-evolve simultaneously with the formation of the conceptual layout, through the opportunity to alter between function and physical/abstract solutions. This approach structures the design requirements and concepts in such a way that it supports the ability to document their sources, to allow for validation and verifications of both requirements and design solutions. First, the proposed model is presented from a theoretical viewpoint. Secondly, a methodology for modelling requirements and concepts in an object-oriented fashion is discussed. Finally, the model is implemented in METIS software and tested in a case study of an electric window winder on a truck door.}, doi = {10.1115/detc2000/dtm-14561}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, scopusid = {82155201090} } @article{lodeby1999method, author = {Lodeby, K. and Isaksson, O. and Järvstrt, N.}, title = {A method for uncertainty quantification in the life prediction of gas turbine components}, journal = {European Structural Integrity Society}, year = {1999}, month = {12}, volume = {23}, pages = {29-38}, abstract = {A failure in an aircraft jet engine can have severe consequences which cannot be accepted and high requirements are therefore raised on engine reliability. Consequently, assessment of the reliability of life predictions used in design and maintenance are important. To assess the validity of the predicted life a method to quantify the contribution to the total uncertainty in the life prediction from different uncertainty sources is developed. The method is a structured approach for uncertainty quantification that uses a generic description of the life prediction process. It is based on an approximate error propagation theory combined with a unified treatment of random and systematic errors. The result is an approximate statistical distribution for the predicted life. The method is applied on life predictions for three different jet engine components. The total uncertainty became of reasonable order of magnitude and a good qualitative picture of the distribution of the uncertainty contribution from the different sources was obtained. The relative importance of the uncertainty sources differs between the three components. It is also highly dependent on the methods and assumptions used in the life prediction. Advantages and disadvantages of this method is discussed.}, doi = {10.1016/s1566-1369(99)80027-2}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {77957796478} } @article{malmstrdm1999complementary, author = {Malmstrdm, Johan and Pikosz, Peter and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Complementary roles of IDEF0 and DSM for the modeling of information management processes}, journal = {Concurrent Engineering Research and Applications}, year = {1999}, month = {1}, volume = {7}, pages = {95-103}, abstract = {The paper compares the IDEFO [1] (sometimes referred to as SADT) and DSM (Design Structure Matrix) [2,3] modeling tech niques. They both serve the purpose of modeling information flows. The aim of the paper is to identify positive and negative aspects of the different modeling techniques, thereby suggesting what kind of problems the different techniques are best suited for and how the techniques complement each other. As an example, both techniques are used to model the configuration management process at FFV Aerotech. It is argued that IDEFO focuses on the formal communication of specified information. DSM, on the other hand, focuses on informal com munication. The techniques support each other. Depending on the objectives with the modeling work, both techniques can be used. Useful insights can be reached with little additional work by using both techniques. It would be favorable if both techniques could be used in the same instrument, i.e., computer tool. Thereby, the same data could be used for analysis in the two techniques.}, doi = {10.1177/1063293x9900700202}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Knowledge management}, scopusid = {0032685073} } @inproceedings{svensson1999framework, author = {Svensson, Daniel and Malmström, Johan and Pikosz, Peter and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {A framework for modelling and analysis of engineering information management systems}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference}, year = {1999}, month = {1}, volume = {2}, pages = {995-1006}, abstract = {This paper presents a framework for modelling and analysing complex Engineering Information Management systems (EIM systems1). Using the framework, a “holistic” model of an EIM system is constructed by four basic interrelated aspect models, respectively describing the process, the information, the role and the computer systems aspects of the EIM system. The framework further provides several methods for analysing the aspect models and the relationships between the models. The paper shows one example of such an EIM system model and discusses results from case studies in which the framework has been applied.}, doi = {10.1115/detc99/eim-9006}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Knowledge management}, scopusid = {84875254675} } @inproceedings{malmqvist1999design, author = {Malmqvist, Johan and Svensson, Daniel}, title = {A design theory based approach towards including QFD data in product models}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference}, year = {1999}, month = {1}, volume = {3}, pages = {295-305}, abstract = {This paper describes how the information associated with the Quality Function Deployment method (QFD) can be included in a product model based on design theory — the chromosome model. It is shown that the chromosome model can manage the data used in QFD if the definition of the requirements objects is modified and if the data of the process planning and operations planning houses is included in a life-phase process model of the manufacturing system. The most important benefit is the possibility to use the QFD matrices for interacting with a product model that is based on a formal, consistent design theory.}, doi = {10.1115/detc99/dtm-8769}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {85080574264} } @article{soderberg1999tolerance, author = {SÖDerberg, Rikard and Johannesson, Hans}, title = {Tolerance chain detection by geometrical constraint based coupling analysis}, journal = {Journal of Engineering Design}, year = {1999}, month = {1}, volume = {10}, pages = {5-24}, abstract = {Assembly tolerance chains are often the root cause for low geometrical robustness and high manufacturing costs. This paper presents a framework for function means modeling in configuration design that allows for modeling and analysis of geometrical couplings, and detection of potential tolerance chains. Requirement decomposition is described, and geometrical couplings on different hierarchical assembly levels are modeled, analyzed and explained. The treatment of sub-assemblies is especially described. The presented framework includes the use of locating schemes for positioning parts in assemblies. A general positioning system for modeling datum frames and locating schemes for parts and sub-assemblies are presented and used. An automotive example is used to show how an overall geometrical product constraint is decomposed into locating schemes on individual parts and how potential tolerance chains are detected. Finally, geometrical coupling quantification and the use of fixtures as a mean for breaking tolerance chains are discussed. The proposed framework enables potential tolerance chains to be detected already in the configuration design phase. By detecting potential tolerance chains in very early configuration design, design solutions with low robustness, needing tight tolerances to fulfill their functional requirements, may be avoided.}, doi = {10.1080/095448299261399}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {0038083236} } @article{eliasson1998integrated, author = {Eliasson, Peter and Isaksson, Ola and Jeppsson, Peter and Fernström, Göran}, title = {An integrated design evaluation system supporting thermal-structural iterations}, journal = {Concurrent Engineering Research and Applications}, year = {1998}, month = {1}, volume = {6}, pages = {179-187}, abstract = {In the design of high temperature components, design evaluation often requires an iterative procedure between thermal fluid and thermal structural simulations An integrated computer system providing an iterative environment for the multidisciplinary simulations re quired has been developed. The system supports iterations between thermal fluid and thermal structural simulations using two different commercial simulation packages. Traditionally, fluid and structural analysis have been simulated separately and analysis of coupled prob lems has required special, multidisciplinary simulation packages which are seldom used in early stages of design. Improving the infrastruc ture for data exchange between separate computer applications is one way to significantly reduce the lead time for design iterations. This reduction in lead-time allows multidisciplinary effects to be accounted for in early stages of design. The design system is demonstrated on an exhaust manifold, where the thermal interaction between fluid and structure is of significant importance. The commercial simulation tools have been integrated to demonstrate the effect of automised data flow on design methodology, i.e , de sign iterations. This integration method makes use of existing features in the simulation packages and uses an export file format as the neu tral exchange format. In this way, the integrated system is simple and fast to develop which is preferred in small prototype systems and de velopment project Database integration supports a tighter integration, but requires more development effort. For design systems, where several design tools need to communicate, standardised information management procedures are preferable, following the ideas of the STEP framework.}, doi = {10.1177/1063293x9800600302}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {20944438178} } @inproceedings{pikosz1998comparative, author = {Pikosz, Peter and Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {A Comparative Study of Engineering Change Management in Three Swedish Engineering Companies}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference}, year = {1998}, month = {1}, volume = {7}, abstract = {This paper analyses the engineering change management (EC) process in three engineering companies in Sweden. In the paper, the influence of various company specific factors, such as change leadtime, on the design of the EC process are analysed. The current use of computer support is surveyed and the possibility to apply a modern product data management (PDM) system to support the process is analysed. The paper also presents different strategies for improving the engineering change management process as well as of the product data management systems in order to achieve an optimal process.}, doi = {10.1115/detc98/eim-5684}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84986171984} } @inproceedings{soderberg1998spatial, author = {Söderberg, Rikard and Johannesson, Hans L.}, title = {Spatial incompatibility - Part interaction and tolerance allocation in configuration design}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference}, year = {1998}, month = {1}, volume = {3}, abstract = {This paper describes how function-means modeling techniques and spatial coupling analysis can be used in early design stages to increase robustness and knowledge about geometrical sensitivity of an assembly design. By incorporating spatial constraint decomposition in function-means modeling, overall spatial constraints may be broken down into nominal dimensions and tolerances for geometrical features. The analysis is carried out at the very early design stages, before CAD models are created and when only simple sketches exist. By documenting all information about functional requirements, design parameters and constraints in a hierarchically decomposed function-means structure, spatial couplings and overall sensitivities may be detected and alternative, less sensitive, concept solutions may be developed. Analyses of functional and constraint couplings increases the knowledge of and understanding for the geometrical sensitivity of a complex assembly design. This knowledge and understanding then serves as a base for tolerance allocation, where tolerances are to be allocated in the most functional and cost effective way.}, doi = {10.1115/detc98/dtm-5643}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {85096776124} } @article{malmqvist1997improved, author = {MALMQVIST, JOHAN}, title = {Improved function-means trees by inclusion of design history information}, journal = {Journal of Engineering Design}, year = {1997}, month = {1}, volume = {8}, pages = {107-117}, abstract = {This paper describes a computer-based approach towards enabling a designer to, when designing a product, concurrently document the design history, i.e. the reasons for the design decisions made and the reasoning process that led to the final result. The approach is based on an extended version of the 'function-means tree' model of the design process and on the 'chromosome' model for product modelling.}, doi = {10.1080/09544829708907955}, pubtype = {Journal article}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, scopusid = {0031461728} } @inproceedings{johannesson1997application, author = {Johannesson, Hans L.}, title = {Application of interaction and functional coupling rules in configuration design}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference}, year = {1997}, month = {1}, volume = {3}, abstract = {In this work a procedure to identify and characterize functional couplings, previously proposed by this author, has been applied in configuration design of an expansion container of an automotive cooling system. The procedure is based on axiomatic design theory, function-means structure modelling techniques, the interaction characterization scheme proposed by Pimmler and Eppinger and two functional coupling definitions proposed by this author. The presented case study illustrates the use of the proposed procedure to identify and characterize functional couplings in configuration design. The result of the procedure is a function-means model of the design with interaction and functional coupling relations included in the model. When the functional couplings are known the structure model can be used as an aid for different purposes such as feasibility analysis according to the axiomatic design theory and design task planning.}, doi = {10.1115/detc97/dtm-3869}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {1642341517} } @inproceedings{malmqvist1996comparative, author = {Malmqvist, Johan and Axelsson, Roger and Johansson, Mikael}, title = {Comparative analysis of the theory of inventive problem solving and the systematic approach of Pahl and Beitz}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference}, year = {1996}, month = {1}, volume = {4}, abstract = {This paper presents a comparative analysis of two design methodologies; the Theory of Inventive Problem-Solving (TIPS) and the systematic approach of Pahl and Beitz (SAPB). The methodologies are compared with respect to a number of aspects; similarities and differences are highlighted. It is then suggested that a more powerful methodology may result if the methodologies are unified and that such a unification should use SAPB as an underlying design process model being complemented by TIPS elements at certain points. This is because the SAPB has a wider scope as a design process model, covering the whole process from task clarification to detail design and component as well as systems design, whereas TIPS features some very useful elements (engineering systems evolution laws, standards and principles) that are not included in the SAPB.}, doi = {10.1115/96-detc/dtm-1529}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {84907581919} } @inproceedings{johannesson1996nature, author = {Johannesson, Hans L.}, title = {On the nature and consequences of functional couplings in axiomatic machine design}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference}, year = {1996}, month = {1}, volume = {4}, abstract = {A functional coupling is defined in this work as a harmful interaction between two sub-systems, components or parts on the same hierarchical level within a product structure. In order to qualify as a functional coupling this interaction must be such that the choice of one sub-system, component or part solution decreases the possibility to fulfil the requirements governing another solution. In this work the nature and characteristics of such functional couplings are analysed and the following consequences when judging the degree of functional coupling in a product are discussed. In particular this work identifies and classifies the information needed to characterize and judge functional couplings in structural axiomatic machine design. The information needed for coupling removal decisions is identified. This is very important as it increases the robustness of a design. Furthermore, the difficulty with limited information on higher hirarchical product structure levels is discussed and an iterative strategy to deal with this problem is suggested.}, doi = {10.1115/96-detc/dtm-1528}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {0003283871} } @inproceedings{malmqvist1995computer, author = {Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Computer-based approach towards including design history information in product models and function-means trees}, booktitle = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers Design Engineering Division Publication DE}, year = {1995}, month = {12}, volume = {83}, pages = {593-602}, abstract = {This paper describes a computer-based approach towards design history documentation. The approach is based on design theory, more specifically on the “function-means tree” model of the design process and on the “chromosome” model for product modelling. The realization of this concept requires that a more precise terminology is utilized when developing the function-means tree. In the paper, a number of extensions of the function-means tree terminology are suggested. These include using a wider definition of the function concept, representation of design rationale, constraints and objectives in the tree, and more refined concepts for decomposition of functions and functional requirements. Preliminary tests of the system have demonstrated the feasibility of the approach. Further tests, based on design problems with more degrees of freedom are needed, to fully assess all aspects of the system, especially concerning the management of constraints and objectives in the extended function-means tree model.}, doi = {10.1115/detc1995-0193}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Systems engineering \& MBSE}, scopusid = {0029430090} } @inproceedings{johannesson1995computer, author = {Johannesson, H. L.}, title = {Computer aided analysis of functional couplings in structural axiomatic design}, booktitle = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers Design Engineering Division Publication DE}, year = {1995}, month = {12}, volume = {82}, pages = {337-343}, abstract = {Creating product structure models is an important task in design, as different such models are needed during the product design process. Depending on what theoretical model or methodology for product design that is used during the process, structure models of different kinds are developed. In structural axiomatic design, functional requirement structure models and physical solution structure models are essential. These are hierarchial tree structure models which are developed during the process by zigzagging between the functional domain and the physical solution domain from the highest to the lowest hierarchical structure level. While doing this, functional couplings, making it harder to fulfill a certain functional requirement without affecting others, are built into the structure. The theory of axiomatic design provides tools to identify such couplings. In this work, the so called design equation in the axiomatic design theory, has been given a graphical interpretation. This has made it possible to use a computer based structure modeling tool, with a graphic user interface, to directly identify and analyze functional couplings in the structure model on the graphical screen.}, doi = {10.1115/detc1995-0045}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {0029430570} } @inproceedings{malmqvist1994computational, author = {Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Computational synthesis and simulation of dynamic systems}, booktitle = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers Design Engineering Division Publication DE}, year = {1994}, month = {12}, volume = {68}, pages = {221-230}, abstract = {This paper presents an approach to computational synthesis of dynamic systems. The foundation of the approach is a function vocabulary for energy-transforming systems that is based on the modelling concepts of bond graphs. The function vocabulary extends those described in the literature by including functions prevalent in dynamic systems. A computational synthesis procedure for dynamic systems, which is based on the developed function vocabulary and “classical” design methodology, and its implementation in a computer program is outlined. The program can also simulate the dynamic behaviour of a proposed design concept. The application of the procedure is demonstrated on an accelerometer design problem.}, doi = {10.1115/detc1994-0022}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {0028562815} } @inproceedings{johannesson1993computer, author = {Johannesson, H. L.}, title = {Computer aided product structure modeling using a DBMS}, booktitle = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers Design Engineering Division Publication DE}, year = {1993}, month = {12}, volume = {65 pt 1}, pages = {511-518}, abstract = {In the present paper a computer based method for top-down structure modeling of products is presented. A general hierarchical DBMS-based tree structure model is used. It is designed so that it can be connected to separately designed part product models, containing geometric models and references to standard component data bases and manufacturing documents. Together the presented product structure model and the part product models become a complete product model containing structural as well as geometric information. The structure modeling is meant to be carried out as a first step during the embodiment design phase, before the parts are designed and the standard components are selected. Thus the geometric information is incomplete during the structure modeling phase. A computer program for product structure modeling has been developed. It allows the number of hierarchical structure levels, as well as the number of objects on each level, to be chosen arbitrarily by the user. The data base management system TORNADO is used by the modeling program for building the structure model data bases. A structure modeling example is given in order to demonstrate the structure modeling procedure and the capabilities of the program.}, doi = {10.1115/detc1993-0341}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {0027800107} } @phdthesis{malmqvist1993computational, author = {Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Towards Computational Design Methods for Conceptual and Parametric Design}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {1993}, abstract = {The subject matter of this dissertation is computational design methods for mechanical design. The term computational design method here denotes a method by which a computer program can perform one or more steps in a design process. Two particular design problems are addressed in the thesis: The first problem is the conceptual design of energy-transforming systems. Examples of such are systems whose main purposes are to transfer power, serve as auxiliary energy sources, or process information, if the information carrier is an energy flow. The work reported is focused towards computational methods for synthesis of alternative solutions to design problems formulated in terms of the input and output energy flows of a "black box". The approach adopted is based on a function vocabulary for energy-transforming systems that is based on the modelling concepts of bond graphs. The basic idea is to use bond graphs for modelling the physical principles on which the modes of action of machines are founded. An automated synthesis procedure for energy-transforming systems and its computer implementation are presented. This synthesis procedure is based on the developed function vocabulary, and consists of two steps: First, alternative process (function) structures are generated. Alternative design concepts are then composed by combining partial solutions into total solutions. The dynamic behaviour of a proposed design solution may also be simulated. The second problem is the modelling and optimization (parametric design) of complex products. Complex products are here defined as products that can be described as a hierarchically organized structure of interrelated components. General models for complex products and the components they consist of are presented. Special reference is made to the knowledge needed to apply a system optimization approach towards the optimization of the complex product. A system for parametric design of complex products, based on these general product models, is described. The system optimization method employed is the Model Coordination Method. A module of the system supports interactive optimization. Special attention is also called to the fact that optimization algorithms require an exact problem formulation, whereas in engineering problems the values of the input parameters, the constraint boundaries etc., are rarely exactly known. The utility of sensitivity analysis when identifying crucial uncertainties in the problem statement is demonstrated.}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/1426}, isbn = {91-7032-868-4}, type = {Doctoral thesis}, pubtype = {Doctoral thesis}, openaccess = {true} } @inproceedings{malmqvist1992optimization, author = {Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Optimization in a design system for complex products}, booktitle = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers Design Engineering Division Publication DE}, year = {1992}, month = {12}, volume = {44 pt 1}, pages = {95-102}, abstract = {This paper describes a system for parametric design and optimization of complex products. In the system, the use of knowledge-based and mathematical programming methods is combined. The motivation is that while knowledge-based methods are well suited for modeling products, they are insufficient when dealing with design problems that can be given an optimization formulation. This weakness was approached by including the information necessary for stating an optimization problem in the product models. A system optimization method can then be applied. The system also performs sensitivity analysis and has an interactive optimization module. The use of the system is illustrated by an example; the design and optimization of a two-speed gearbox.}, doi = {10.1115/detc1992-0109}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, theme = {Design automation}, scopusid = {0027003685} } @inproceedings{johannesson1992computer, author = {Johannesson, H. L.}, title = {Computer aided modeling of families and family members of designed parts}, booktitle = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers Design Engineering Division Publication DE}, year = {1992}, month = {12}, volume = {44 pt 2}, pages = {173-179}, abstract = {In the present paper a computer based method for modeling of families and family members of designend parts is suggested and presented. The product models that are built, contain “rules” for generating geometric models of part members plus nongeometric information to be used when manufacturing the parts. The geometric design “rules”, that are stored in the part family data base, consist of normalized line and are defining data to be used when generating geometry defining cross section part contours. These geometry defining data are generated automatically by the user when drawing contours in a CAD-system that is able to record the users actions, and generate the corresponding macro code. This code is interpreted by a part family storage program that stores both the interpreted geometric information, and user entered nongeometric information in the part family data base. When creating a part family member, the stored part family data, plus data defining interacting standard components, are retrieved from data bases. The nongeometric data are written on document files, and a 3-D solid geometric model of the part member is created in the used CAD-system by extruding and/or rotating part member and standard component interface geometry contours.}, doi = {10.1115/detc1992-0163}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {12344293982} } @inproceedings{johannesson1991computer, author = {Johannesson, H. L.}, title = {Computer aided part design based on standard component interface geometry}, booktitle = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers Design Engineering Division Publication DE}, year = {1991}, month = {12}, volume = {32}, pages = {347-352}, abstract = {In this paper it is suggested how an integrated computer based system for part design can be built. The main issue is how to automatically provide geometry data, determined by selected interacting standard components, to the used CAD-system. This kind of function determined geometry is in the paper called “interface geometry.” The key component in the integrated computer program system is the standard component data base. This data base contains a parametric model of the standard component and its “interface geometry”. Parameters necessary as input data both to component performance analysis programs and geometry creation programs, are all included in the model. The integrated program system consists of a data base, managed by a data base management system, application programs for component performance analysis and selection, and a conventional CAD-system. In order to make these different parts communicate, certain interface programs, both CAD-system dependent and independent, have been developed.}, doi = {10.1115/detc1991-0137}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {0026372748} } @phdthesis{malmqvist1991product, author = {Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Product Models and Optimization in a Design System for Complex Products}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology}, year = {1991}, url = {https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/22051}, isbn = {991-289014-0}, type = {Licentiate thesis}, pubtype = {Licentiate thesis}, theme = {Design automation}, openaccess = {true} } @inproceedings{malmqvist1990design, author = {Malmqvist, Johan}, title = {Design system for parametric design of complex products}, booktitle = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers Design Engineering Division Publication DE}, year = {1990}, month = {12}, volume = {23}, pages = {17-24}, abstract = {In this report a design system for parametric design of complex products is presented. The system is based on product models for complex products and components. These models were implemented as general framework models using the data base management system TORNADO. The user creates models for specific products by filling out forms. Consequently, all products can be represented in a uniform way. This gives the advantage that all service software (for storage in the product data base, retrieval of component data etc.) associated to a certain product model can be shared. The only lines of code the designer writes when creating a new component family are the design rules of the component. In association with the models a design system for complex products is presented. Benefitting from the uniform representations of the products, the system lets the user control the design process, while a system kernel handles the constraint management. The product models and the design system have been applied to hydraulic cylinder design.}, doi = {10.1115/detc1990-0003}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {0025533521} } @inproceedings{johannesson1990parametric, author = {Johannesson, Hans L.}, title = {Parametric computer aided hydraulic cylinder design. Cylinder product modeling}, booktitle = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers Design Engineering Division Publication DE}, year = {1990}, month = {12}, volume = {23}, pages = {297-304}, abstract = {In a hydraulic cylinder each cylinder component contributes to the total function, and the components interact and are dependent on each other. The geometry of some components can be completely determined by other surrounding interacting components. In this work it is shown how computer aid can be applied in hydraulic cylinder design when considering component interaction. A special hydraulic cylinder product model is developed. It is stored in an external CAD system independent data base. The parameters stored in the data base are used when retrieving component data from component family data bases, standard component data bases, and when running parametric component and system design programs. The software system used in this work consists of an ordinary 2D wire frame modeling turn-key CAD system, FORTRAN application programs, a data base management system, CAD system independent data bases and CAD system dependent interface programs.}, doi = {10.1115/detc1990-0036}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {0025542739} } @inproceedings{johannesson1989parametric, author = {Johannesson, H. L.}, title = {Parametric computer aided hydraulic cylinder design. Piston component modeling}, booktitle = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers Design Engineering Division Publication DE}, year = {1989}, month = {12}, volume = {19}, pages = {267-272}, abstract = {In this work a procedure for parametric computer aided design of hydraulic cylinder pistons has been developed. Such a piston is a kind of component that has a geometry that is dependent and determined of surrounding and interacting parts. The piston seal has a very strong influence on the piston geometry, and the kind of piston design rules that can be found in piston seal catalogues have been used in the developed computer programs. The design procedure is divided in two parts. In the piston family design part, a piston family product model, which is common for a group of pistons with different dimensions but uses the same seal cross section, is created and stored in a piston family product model data base. In the member design part the piston family data is retrieved, dimension determining parameters are given, and one particular piston of a certain size is created and presented. The software system needed in order to be able to apply the suggested procedure consists of - a CAD-system, containing a graphic application program language - a specific CAD-system dependent interface program written in the graphic application program language - two CAD-system independent interface programs written in a common high level language lite FORTRAN - CAD-system independent product model data bases All these programs except the CAD-system have been developed in this work, and the use of the programs is demonstrated with an example.}, doi = {10.1115/detc1989-0046}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {0024939015} } @article{johannesson1989piston, author = {Johannesson, Hans L.}, title = {Piston rod seal and scraper ring interaction in hydraulic cylinders}, journal = {Wear}, year = {1989}, month = {1}, volume = {130}, pages = {17-27}, doi = {10.1016/0043-1648(89)90218-4}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {0024626063} } @article{johannesson1989calculation, author = {Johannesson, Hans L. and Kassfeldt, Elisabet}, title = {Calculation of the pressure distribution in an arbitrary elastomeric seal contact}, journal = {Wear}, year = {1989}, month = {1}, volume = {130}, pages = {3-15}, doi = {10.1016/0043-1648(89)90217-2}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {0024626064} } @inproceedings{johannesson1988system, author = {Johannesson, H. L.}, title = {System independent product models in computer aided elastometric compact seal design}, booktitle = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers Design Engineering Division Publication DE}, year = {1988}, month = {12}, volume = {14}, pages = {19-25}, abstract = {In this work the problem of designing a CAD-system independent product model data base, to be used in computer aided elastomeric seal design, is treated. It is shown how a general purpose turn-key CAD-system can be used together with an external product model data base and external calculation programs. The importance of storing product information in a CAD-system independent data base instead of on drawings in one particular CAD-system is pointed out. This is of special interest from long time storage point of view, as product related information is expected to live longer in a manufacturing company than one particular CAD-system. In order to be able to transmit data between the CAD-system and the external product model data base, and between the data base and the external calculation programs, special interfaces must be designed. Here it is demonstrated how such interface programs can be designed using FORTRAN 77 and a particular graphic application program language available in the CAD-system CDM 300. For the creation of the data base and for the data storage and data retrieval, the data base management system TORNADO is used. Finally the simultaneous use of the CAD-system, the external data base and the calculation program, when designing an elastomeric seal cross section, is demonstrated with a test example.}, doi = {10.1115/detc1988-0003}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {0024136556} } @inproceedings{johannesson1987computer, author = {Johannesson, H. L.}, title = {Computer graphics and analysis in elastomeric compact seal design}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference}, year = {1987}, month = {1}, volume = {1}, pages = {371-377}, abstract = {The use of advanced calculations are necessary in elastomeric seal design if the today situation of “trial and error” shall be avoided. In order to make it easy for the designer to carry out these calculations, computer graphics can be used together with calculation programs. In this work it is shown how a general purpose turn-key CAD-system can be used together with complex calculation programs in elastomeric compact seal design. It is demonstrated how communication between the CAD-system and the calculation program can be established with the use of the “graphic application programming language” that must be available within the CAD-system. The suggested computer aided design procedure is especially suitable for products like seals, which have simple geometry but require complicated calculations.}, doi = {10.1115/detc1987-0048}, pubtype = {Conference paper}, scopusid = {85105535194} } @article{johannesson1987influence, author = {Johannesson, Hans L.}, title = {The influence of eccentricity on the pressure distributions in O-ring seal contacts}, journal = {Wear}, year = {1987}, month = {1}, volume = {115}, pages = {121-129}, abstract = {In this work the influence of eccentricity on the pressure distributions of elastomeric seals of compact type are investigated. An O-ring seal with its simple section geometry is chosen as test object but the general trend of the results is expected to be valid for all elastomeric seals with homogeneous cross-sections. The theory used is based on the assumption that the seal contact element compression is the dominant contribution to the contact pressure. In order to couple contact element volume changes with pressure, the pressure-dependent seal material compressibility is used. The results show that the eccentricity does influence the contact pressure distribution if it is great enough. The most important parameter determining the maximum eccentricity is the parallel clearance gap. If this quantity is 0.3\% of the unloaded seal cross-sectional diameter, the maximum pressure change is of the order 5\%–10\% when the eccentricity is changed from zero to its maximum value.}, doi = {10.1016/0043-1648(87)90203-1}, pubtype = {Journal article}, scopusid = {0023307205} }